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COPYRIGHT DKPOS1T 



1786- -18SG 

CENTENNIAL GEL2EBRATION 



AN ACCOUNT 



OF THE 



MtiNiciPAii Celebration 



OF THE 



ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 



OF THE 



Inrorporafion of flj? tsofan of "JPorflanb 



JULY 4TH, 5TH AND 6TH, 1886 



EDITED BY JOHN T. HULL 

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE OF THE 

CITY COUNCIL 



PORTLAND 



Printed by Owen, Strout & Company 
mdccclxxxvi 



CONTENTS. 



I. Preface, ... .... 5 

II. Proposed Celebration — Action of the City Council 

and Committees, ...... 17 

III. Trades' Procession — School Division — Committee on 

Sunday Services, ...... 50 



IV. The First Day, Sunday, July 4TH — Centennial Sermons 






— Sunday Services, ...... 57 

V. The Second Day, Monday, July 5TH — Accounts of the 
Procession — Afternoon Exercises — Balloon Ascen- 
sion — Sham Fight, . . . . . . 210 

VI. The Third Day, Tuesday, July 6th — Regatta — Exercises 
at the City Hall — Ode — Oration — Poem — Hymn — 
Excursion to the Islands — Clam Bake, . . 270 

VII. Evening Exercises at City Hall — Addresses — Poems — 
High School Re-union — Fire Works — Action of the 
City Council, ....... 313 

VIII. Appendix — Correspondence, Letters, Etc., . . 345 



PREFACE 



That part of Falmouth, which was called the Neck, 
now our City of Portland, was in 1775 nearly destroyed 
by the British fleet, under the command of Mowatt. 
Most of its buildings, with their contents, were burnt, 
and the inhabitants scattered. During the remaining 
years of the war very little was done towards the 
re-building of the town and the restoration of its 
business. Its exposed situation on the sea, and the 
uncertainly as to the continuance or the results of the 
war, prevented any improvement in the growth or busi- 
ness of the place. But in 1 783, after peace was declared, 
and the Thirteen Colonies took a place as one of the 
nations of the world, a great change took place. The 
situation of the Neck as a place of commercial import- 
ance was so apparent to its inhabitants that the work 
of re-building the town, the re-construction of the 
place, and the improvement of its business, was com- 
menced by its citizens with vigor and industry. People 
in other localities began to appreciate the natural ad- 
vantages which were possessed by the Neck, and many 
emigrants (largely from Massachusetts) turned their 
attention to the place, which afterwards was known as 
"the beautiful town by the sea." There were numerous 
accessions to the population for the few years suc- 
ceeding the declaration of peace. 

The first question of public importance which came 
before our fathers was that of the division of the old 



6 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Town of Falmouth, and the setting off of the Neck 
into a separate municipality. The feeling among the 
inhabitants of the Neck was, that they had but slight 
connections with the other part of the town, their 
interests were distinct, that they differed in all measures 
affecting them, they were at town-meeting constantly 
outvoted by the inhabitants of the larger part of the 
town, whose larger area also contained a larger number 
of inhabitants. 1 And so measures were commenced 
towards the division of the town, and a petition was 
presented from the residents on the Neck to the select- 
men of Falmouth, requesting a town-meeting called to 
consider the question The first meeting of the inhabi- 
tants respecting the proposed separation was held in 
1783. The old Falmouth Records, in which the pro- 
ceedings were recorded, were some years since burnt. 
I have been able to find in the Massachusetts archives, 
at the State House, Boston, certified copies of this and 
other proceedings in this matter, and they being of 
interest in this connection I print them in full. 

TOWN MEETING. 

To John Bagley one of the Constables of the Town of 
Falmouth — Greetik 

Whereas application has been made to us by more than seven of 
the Inhabitants of the Town of Falmouth to call a meeting of said 
Inhabitants, To see if the Town will agree that the part of the 
Town tailed the Neck shall be sett off as a separate Town. You 
are hereby required in the name of the Commonwealth of Mass- 

'Note. The original Town of Falmouth, now comprised in Portland, Cape 
Elizabeth, Deering, Wcstbrook and Falmouth, contained in 1; [ acres, 

of which the neck had 1,466, Cape Elizabeth, 12,881, and the remainder of the 
town. [4,918. The population of the neck in [786, was about 2,000; of the re- 
mainder, not including Cape Elizabeth, about 2,900. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. t 

achusetts to warn the said inhabitants qualified to vote in Town 
meeting to meet at the meeting House of the First Parish in said 
Town on Monday the 26th instant at ten o'clock in the forenoon — 
for the purpose aforesaid 

Falmouth May 16, 1783. Thos. Child \ 

Richard Codman f 

/ °f 

Daniel Ilsley [ ^ , 

\ Falmouth. 
Stephen Hall / 

Falmouth, May 26th, 1783. 

Pursuant to the within warrant to me directed. I have notified 
the inhabitants of said Town, according to law to meet at the time 
and place and for the purpose within mentioned 

John Bagley, Constable of Falmouth. 

At a legal meeting of the inhabitants of the Town of Falmouth 
on the 26th day of may 1783 pursuant to the preceeding notification 
John Waite Esq, was chosen Moderator. 

On motion it was put whether the Town would consent that the 

Neck should be set off as a separate town provided they can agree 

what bridges the Neck shall support and maintain, it passed in the 

affirmative, — It was also put whether the Town will consent that the 

Neck should be set off as a separate Town, provided they consent 

to maintain Sacarippa Prides and Back Cove Bridges, it passed in 

the affirmative, and the following were laid before the Town as the 

intended bounds viz. To begin at the middle of the creek, that runs 

into round marsh, thence N. E. to Back Cove Creek, thence down 

the middle of that creek to Back Cove, thence across said Cove to 

Sandy Point, thence round by Casco Bay to the Fore River thence 

up that river to the first bounds, together with all the Island's that 

belong to the first Parish — and it was agreed that the neck pay their 

proportion of all debts due from the Town, and if after a settlement 

of all accounts a surplusage shall remain on hand the same shall be 

divided and also the town stock in proportion to the taxes paid by 

each District 

Recorded by John Frothingham, Town Clerk. 

A true extract from Falmouth Book of Records book 4th page 158 

& 159 

Att. 

John Frothingham, Town Clerk." 



8 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

The matter seemed to rest at that time, "the impov- 
erished condition of the people, and the desolate state 
of the Neck diverted all thoughts from the subject 
until the close of 1 785," when the following petition 
(which I also found among the papers at the State 
House in Boston) was presented to the General Court 
of Massachusetts: 

PETITION. 1 

To the Honorable Senate and the Honorable House of Representatives of 
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in General Court assembled: 

The Petition of the Subscribers — Inhabitants of that part of the 
Town of Falmouth in the County of Cumberland, commonly called 
the neck, humbly sheweth, 

That in their present situation they are destitute of many ad- 
vantages which the inhabitants of maritime towns receive, and which 
as such they might enjoy if they were incorporated into a different 
Town. In their present state they suffer much for want of some 
regular method of employing and supporting the Poor, who are 
principally resident in that part of the Town, and of repairing and 
regulating their streets. 

The establishment of proper orders and By-Laws for conducting 
their external Police, such especially as more immediately relate to 
Sea Port Towns. 

Some permanent and effectual Provision for the support of Schools, 
so necessary to the happiness of Individuals and the well being of 
Society, and of power to raise money for these and other purposes 
particularly incident to our compact situation. 

They therefore pray you, that your Honors would pass an act 
whereby they and all who live within the following bounds, viz. : 
"To begin at the middle of the Creek that runs into round marsh, 
thence N. E. to Back Cove Creek, thence down the middle of that 
Creek to Back Cove ; thence across said Cove to Sandy Point, 
thence round by Casco Bay to the Fore river, thence up said river to 
the first bounds, as well as the Islands in said Town may together 

1 General Court Records. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



9 



with their estates be incorporated into a separate and distinct Town. 
And that by said act your Honors would be pleased to constitute us 
the Shire Town of the County and indulge us with the privileges 
incident thereto. 

And your Petitioners as in duty bound will ever pray. 

Falmouth, November 15, 1785. 

Dudley Cammet Elijah Littlefield. 

Paul Cammet Joseph McLellan 

Enoch Freeman, jr. Enoch Moody 



Enoch Freeman 
Saml. Freeman 
Richard Codman 
Daniel Davis 
Stephen Codman 
Arthur McLellan 
Nath 1 Deering 
John Stephenson 
Thomas Robison 
Benj. Titcomb 
Jonathan Morse 
William Wiswell 
Jona Paine 
John Thrasher 
William Jenks 
Joshua Rogers 
J. Hobby 
Joseph Noyes 
Eben Preble 



Enoch Ilsley 
Tim Pike 
Moses Noyes 
Benj. Waite, jr. 
William Hobby 
Hugh McLellan 
Robert Boyd 
W. Vaughan 
John Masury 
Moses Brazier 
Enoch Brazier 
Lemuel Weeks 
James Gooding 
Stephen Tukey 
Jeremiah 



Nath. Moody 
Wm. Frost 
Tho s Sanford 
Thomas Reed 
James Fosdick 
James Jewett 
Stephen Hall 
Eben r Davis 
Woodbury Storer 
Nathl Atkins 
John Nicholls 
Stephen Harding 
John Burnam 
Jn°. Archer 
Thos. B. Wait 
Joseph H. Ingraham 



Joseph Sylvester 
Sign d , In the name & behalf of the first Parish in Falmouth — 
agreeably to then vote passed of 23d Jany. 1786. 

Saml Freeman 
Richard Codman 
Timothy Pike 



The following was the action of the General Court: 

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

In the House of Representatives, 

March 4, 1786. 
On the petition of Enoch Freeman and others, Inhabitants in that 
part of Falmouth in the County of Cumberland called the Neck, 



10 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

praying to be incorporated into a separate Town for reasons set 
forth in their petition. 

Ordered that the Petitioners notify the Town of Falmouth by 
leaving an attested copy of the petition and this order, with the 
Clerk of said Town thirty clays at least before the third Wednesday 
of the next session of the General Court, that they may show cause 
on said day if any why the prayer thereof should not be granted. 

Sent up for concurrence. 

A. Ward, Speaker. 



Read and concurred. 



In the Senate, March 7, 1786. 
Saml. Phillips, jun., President. 



I- w MoriH, May 1, 1786. 

At a legal meeting of the Inhabitants of the Town of Falmouth 
pursuant to the proceeding notification, John Waite Esq, was chosen 
moderator. 

Upon the consideration of the other article in warrant, viz., "To 
see if the Town will make answer to the petitions of the Inhabitants 
of that part of the Town called the neck respecting their being set 
off as a separate Town." 

Voted: that the prayer of the petitioners be granted on condition, 
that the inhabitants within the limits mentioned in said petition 
maintain their proportion of the following bridges, viz. Fore river 
bridge, Winslows, Pride's, Proctors and Saccarippa, bridges on 
Presumpscot river, which proportions shall be estimated according 
to the hist valuations, and also pay their proportion of all debts due 
from the Town, and if after a settlement of all accounts, a surplus- 
age shall remain on hand the same shall be divided, and also the 
Town Stock of powder, and all other stock in proportion to the 
valuation aforementioned. 

Recorded by John Frothingham Town Clerk. 

A true copy as on record 

Att. John Frothingham To^n Clerk. 

Pending this question the following petition was 
presented and which explains the cause of the present 
irregular boundaries of Portland: 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 11 

" To the Honorable the Senate and the Honorable the House of Representa- 
tives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in General Court 
assembled. 
The Petition of Elizabeth Wise Joshua Freeman and Samuel 
Deane humbly showeth, 

That as a petition is now before your honorable Court, for the 
creating of that part of Falmouth at Casco Bay which has been 
usually called the neck into a town, and as your petitioners hold lands 
to the amount of one hundred and eighty acres, which descended to us 
from our honored Father, Moses Pearson Esquire deceased ; without 
the proposed line of the designed new town, and adjoining on that 
part of the line which goes by the name of Back Cove Creek, which 
lands join together, and make one regular tract : As it will be more 
convenient for your petitioners on several accounts, we earnestly 
request that if your honorable Court should see fit to divide the town 
of Falmouth in the manner that is proposed, our lands aforesaid 
may be annexed to the new town, and made a part thereof. And 
your petitioners as in duty bound will ever pray. 

Elizabeth Wise 
Joshua Freeman 
Falmouth March 10, 1786 Samuel Deane. 

The report of the Committee of the General Court 
was favorable to the petition for the new town, viz. : 

In Senate, June 14, 1786. 
Read & ordered that the Petitioners have leave to bring in a Bill 
for the purposes herein mentioned. 
Sent down for concurrence. 

Saml. Phillips junr., President. 

In the House of Representatives, June 15, 1786. 
Read and concurred. 

Artemas Ward, Speaker. 

Journal House, 1 June 21, 1786. 
A bill entitled an act for creating that part of the Town of Fal- 
mouth, in the County of Cumberland, commonly called the neck into 

1 General Court Records, vol. 47, p. 118. 



12 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

a new town by the name of. Read the first time and to- 
morrow at 10 o'clock a. m. assigned for the second reading. 

The bill passed to be enacted in the House July i, 
17S6. 

In Senate 1 , July 4, 1786. 
An Engrossed Bill intitled " an act erecting that part of the Town 
of Falmouth in the county of Cumberland, commonly called the 
neck into a town by the name of Portland, having had two several 
readings passed to be enacted. 

The text of the act is as follows: 

Commonwealth of Mass a* in > it is. 
/;/ t he year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-six. 

AN ACT for erecting that part of the Town of Falmouth in the County of 
Cumberland, commonly known as the Neck, into a town by the name of 
Portland. 2 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court 
assembled and by authority of the same : 

Sect. i. That that part of the town of Falmouth aforesaid, and 
the inhabitants thereof and their estates, included within the follow- 
ing bounds, viz. Beginning at the middle of the Creek that runs into 
Round-Marsh, so called, thence north east to Backcove Creek, thence 

1 General Court Records, 47-98. 
MOTE, — The name Portland. Willis says, (p.- 5S1) "Some diversity of senti- 
ment existed respecting a name for the new town. Casco and Falmouth port were 
rivals of the successful candidate, and the claims of each were strenuously urged. 

The general impression, howevi r, was in favor of Portland, 

although not a voice in the public paper was lifted up in its support. < me writer 
only, in closing a communication in which the merit of the other was dis< 
thus notices it: 'both of these however, I expect must give place to the more 
acceptable name of Portland.' 

This appellation was recommended by its local application, and itsancient con- 
nection with a part of our territory. The earliest English name by which the 
island now called Jiangs, (Cushing's,) and the mainland in Cape Elizabeth 
Opposite to it, were known, was Portland, as was also the main channel 1>< 
them, ' Portland Sound.' The island continued to bear the name during the 
remainder of the century of its discovery, and the head land on which the light- 
house now stands has ever been and is still called ' Portland head.' " .... 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 13 

down the middle of that creek to Backcove, thence across said cove 
to Sandy Point, thence round by Casco Bay to Fore River, thence up 
Fore River to the first bounds, together with all the islands that now 
belong to the first parish in said Falmouth, be, and they hereby are 
incorporated into a town by the name of Portland, and are hereby 
invested with all the powers, privileges and immunities, that towns 
within this commonwealth do, or ought by law to have and enjoy. 

Sect. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, 
That the several collectors of the said town of Falmouth are hereby 
authorised to collect and pay the taxes, to them already committed 
respectively, agreeably to their several warrants; any thing in this act 
to the contrary notwithstanding. 

Sect. 3. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, 
That the treasurer of the town of Falmouth shall make a fair settle- 
ment and adjustment of his accounts as they stood before the pass- 
ing this act, and if a balance shall remain in his hands the inhabitants 
of the town of Portland shall receive their just and due proportion 
thereof. And if upon such settlements, the Town of Falmouth shall 
be in arrears, the inhabitants of the town of Portland shall pay their 
just and due proportion thereof, as hereafter in this act is settled. 

Sect. 4. And be it further enacted, That the land belonging to 
the town of Falmouth before the passing of this act, and the town 
stock of powder, shall be set off and divided, four ninths to the town 
of Portland, and the other five ninths to the town of Falmouth, and 
the town of Portland shall pay four ninths of the taxes which have 
been heretofore imposed by the general court, upon the town of Fal- 
mouth ; and the assessors of said towns respectively, are hereby 
empowered and directed to assess all taxes, which were due from the 
said town of Falmouth, before the passing of this act, to the county 
or commonwealth, agreeably to the proportion aforesaid ; and the 
towns aforesaid shall be charged in the same proportion, in all future 
taxes, until the general court shall otherwise determine. And the 
public landings shall be in common to the inhabitants of both towns. 

Sect. 5. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, 
That the said town of Portland shall be the shire town of said 
county, and that the supreme judicial courts, and courts of common 
pleas, and general sessions of the peace, by law appointed to be 
holden at Falmouth, shall in future be holden in the said town of 



14 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



Portland, on the same days respectively, in which they were by law 
required to be holden at Falmouth aforesaid; any law to the con- 
trary notwithstanding. 

Sect. 6. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, 
That the poor now maintained by the town of Falmouth, shall be 
supported by the two towns in the proportion aforesaid. And if any 
person or persons heretofore belonging to the town of Falmouth 
aforesaid, and who have removed from thence, shall be returned 
thither again, and become a public charge, the same shall be paid by 
the two towns aforesaid, in proportion to the tax laid on them sever- 
ally from time to time. 

Sect. 7. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, 
That nothing in this act shall in any wise affect or alter any of the 
bounds of the several parishes within the town of Falmouth, but the 
same shall be and remain as heretofore by law established; anything 
in this act to the contrary notwithstanding. 

Sect. 8. And be it further enacted. That the inhabitants of the 
town of Portland shall from time to time amend and repair Pride's 
bridge, on Presumpscot River, and the great bridge on Fore River, 
so called although the same be not included within the limits of 
Portland aforesaid. 

Sect. 9. And be it further enacted, That a certain tract of land 
without the limits of the town of Portland, and containing about one 
hundred and eighty acres, belonging to Samuel Deane, Joshua 
Freeman, and Elizabeth Wise, and which descended to them from 
Moses Pearson, late of Falmouth aforesaid, Esq., deceased, be, and 
the same is hereby annexed to the town of Portland, and shall be 
considered as part thereof; and the lands granted to the first parish 
in siid Falmouth for the support of the ministry there, are hereby 
annexed to said town of Portland, and shall be considered as part 
thereof, and shall enjoy the immunities that the other ministerial 
lands in said Falmouth have and enjoy, the same being without the 
limits of the town of Portland notwithstanding, so long as they con- 
tinue ministerial lands, and no longer. 

1. 10. And be it further enacted, That Enoch Freeman, Esq., 
be, and he hereby is directed to issue his warrant to some principal 
inhabitant of Portland, requiring him to notify and warn the inhabi- 
tants of the said town of Portland, qualified by law to vote in town 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 15 

affairs, to meet at such time and place as therein shall be set forth, 
to choose such officers as any of the towns within this commonwealth 
by law have a right to elect; and the officers so chosen shall take 
the respective oaths by law required to be by them taken. 

Sect. ii. Provided nevertheless, That nothing in this act shall 
be construed to affect any grants of land made to the first parish in 
Falmouth aforesaid, but such lands shall be the estate of the society 
which before the passing of this act was called the first parish in 
Falmouth ; any thing in this act to the contrary notwithstanding. 

In the House of Representatives, July i, 1786. 
This bill having had three several readings passed to be enacted. 

Artemus Ward, Speaker. 

In the Senate, July 4, 1786. 
The bill having had Two several readings passed to be enacted. 

Samuel Phillips junr, President. 

By the Governor. — Approved. James Bowdoin. 

True copy. Attest : John Avery, junr, Secretary. 

FIRST MEETING OF THE TOWN OF PORTLAND. 

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

To John Froth ingham, Esqr., one of the Principal inhabitants of the 
Town of Portland. 1 Greeting, 

In obedience to an act of the General Court, passed the 4th day 
of July last, for creating that part of the Town of Falmouth in said 
County of Cumberland into a Town by the name of Portland, where- 
in I am directed to issue my warrant to some principal inhabitant of 
said Portland requesting him to notify and warn the inhabitants of 
said Town qualified to vote in Town affairs to meet at such time and 
place as I shall direct to choose such officers as any of the Towns 
within the Commonwealth by law have a right to elect. 

These are therefore in the name of the Commonwealth of Massa- 
chusetts to require you to notify and warn the freeholders and other 
inhabitants of said Town of Portland qualified as aforesaid to meet 
at the meeting house in said Portland on Wednesday the ninth day 

1 Town Records, vol. 1, p. 4. 



16 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

of August current at ten of the clock in the forenoon to choose such 
officers as any of the Towns within this Commonwealth have a right 
to elect, 
hereof fail not. 

Given under my hand and seal at said Portland this second day 
of August, A. D. 1786. Enoch Freeman. 

Pursuant to the preceding warrant to me directed, the freeholders 
and other inhabitants of the Town of Portland qualified according 
to law to vote in Town meetings, are hereby notified to assemble and 
meet at the time and place, and for the purpose in the same warrant 
mentioned. John Frothingham, 

Portland, Aug. 6, 1786. Portland. 

Portland, Aug. 9, 1786. 
In obedience to the within warrant to me directed, I notified the 
the freeholders and other inhabitants of the Town of Portland 
qualified to vote in Town affairs to meet at the time and place and 
for the purpose therein mentioned by posting up the same warrant 
and the within notification at the meeting house and a copy thereof, 
at several public places in said Portland. 

John Frothinciiam. 

The meeting -was accordingly held at the meeting- 
house of the First Parish, upon the 9th day of August, 
1786. (See Appendix.) 



Tup: editor of this History of the "Centennial Cele- 
bration," takes this opportunity to recognize and to 
testify his appreciation of the valuable work done by 
the daily papers of the city during the three days 
celebration. Their full and correct reports of the pro- 
cedings have been largely drawn upon in the prepara- 
tion of this volume, and the assistance thereby rendered 
is gratefully acknowledged. 



ACTION OK THE 



CITY COUNCIL MD COMMITTEES. 



The City Council of 1885-86, near the close of the 
municipal year, deemed that some action was necessary 
concerning a proper recognition of the Centennial anni- 
versary of the incorporation of the Town of Portland ; 
and, January 4, 1886, a special committee was chosen 
to bring the subject to the attention of the next City 
Government. No action was, however, taken by the 
committee. 1 

Hon. Charles J. Chapman, Mayor, in his inaugural 
address, made at the organization of the City Council, 
March 8th, 1886, referred to the Centennial celebration 
as follows, viz: 

" Portland Centennial. 

The centennial anniversary of Portland occurs upon July 4th of 
this year, it being precisely one hundred years from that date that 
what was then known as Falmouth Neck was set off from the town 
of Falmouth, and incorporated into a separate town called Portland. 

1 Sic Appendix. 

2 



18 CENT] \\l \1. CELEBRATION. 

We should seem remiss in our appreciation of the event, if we let 
this anniversary pass unnoticed. Upon such a day the history of the 
past hundred years should be publicly recounted, and the sons of 
Portland, scattered all over our country, should be welcomed home 
to join with us in the celebration. As the anniversary occurs on the 
Fourth of July, it might be judicious to unite both celebrations in 
one If an) action is to be taken in observing this anniversary, 
allow me to suggesl that it be done promptly by the appointment ol 
suitable committees, as much of the work of preparation must of 
necessity be si 

March 8, 1886. At a meeting of the City Council, 
it was 

Ordered, " That a committee of three on the part of this Board 
(Mayor and Aldermen), with such as the Common Council may join, 
be appointed a preliminary committee, to take into consideration that 
part of the Mayor's address, relating to the Centennial Celebration 
of Portland; and report plans for observing the same, at the next 
regular meeting of the City Council." 

Read and passed, and the Mayor, Aldermen Beale 
and Wilson, Councilmen Hobbs, Abbott, Cox, Adams, 
McCann and Trefethen were appointed as the Com- 
mittee. 1 A meeting of the committee and citizens for 
consultation was held March 12th. 

[Prom tin- Portland Daily Press of March rj, i886.~\ 

The preliminary committee of the City Government, appointed to 

ascertain the advisability of celebrating the Centennial anniversary 
of Portland, which occurs upon the 4th of July next, met in the 
Aldermen's room, city Building, last evening to listen to the expres- 
sion of opinion in regard to the matter from a number of citizens 
who had been invited to be present. The full committee, consisting 
of Mayor Chapman, Aldermen Beale, Wilson and Marks. President 
Hobbs and Messrs. Trefethen, McCann, Adams. Cox and Abbott of 
the Council, were in attendance. Anion- the citizens present were 

1 City Records, Vol. -o, p. 304. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 19 

Rev. Dr. H. S. Burrage, T. C. Woodbury, John T. Hull, City 
Solicitor Symonds, Judge Goddard, Wm. M. Sargent, Lewis B. 
Smith, W. S. Dana, W. H. Smith, Wm. H. Looney and S. B. Kelsey. 

In calling the meeting to order the Mayor said that as chairman of 
the committee he had invited a number of citizens to meet with them 
in order to ascertain their views on the question of the celebration 
and the programme for the day. 

Alderman Wilson was chosen secretary of the committee, and Mr. 
John T. Hull secretary of the meeting. 

The Mayor then said that the matter of the celebration required 
the co-operation of the citizens and City Government, and he was 
glad to see so many present, notwithstanding the inclemency of the 
weather. He referred to the part which those especially interested 
in the history of the city should take in the work of the celebration, 
and was gratified to see so many of these gentlemen present. 

Alderman Beale was called upon as a member of the committee 
appointed by the last City Government, and said that he had thought 
of no programme, but that the work of preparation would be a great 
one. He thought it would be necessary to do a little talking first 
and a great deal of work afterwards. 

Alderman Marks thought that an executive committee and sub- 
committees should be appointed, and recommended that the neces- 
sary suitable uniforms be furnished to the fire department and the 
companies invited to join in the parade. 

The Mayor thought the first thing to do was to ascertain the views 
of the citizens in regard to the advisability of holding the celebration 
so that the committee might report to the City Government with an 
understanding of the wishes of the people. 

Mr. Wm. M. Sargent spoke of the number of centennial celebra- 
tions which have occurred in the last few years, and thought that the 
observance here would be agreeable to the best citizens. He recom- 
mended the extension of an invitation to the four historical and 
genealogical societies to unite in the celebration, the different or- 
ganizations presenting historical matter in specified branches. 

Rev. Dr. Burrage thought that a single address would be better 
than a number of short ones, and the papers referred to in the 
remarks of the last speaker could be published only at a large 
expense. Dr. Burrage recommended an historical address with other 



20 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

exercises in City Hall in the afternoon, ajid a popular out of door 
celebration and procession in the forenoon, arranged to bring to the 
minds of spectators events in the history of the city. 

The Mayoi called upon Mr. Lewis B. Smith as one who had Keen 
active in the preparation of similar celebrations in the past. Mr. 
Smith said thai al this time he would only say he believed the 
general opinion was in favor of the celebration. 

Mr. John T. I lull e;dled at ten lion to the large number of people in 
other places, either natives of Portland or intimately connected with 
it, and thoughi that they should be invited to attend. The letters 
received from man) of these persons would furnish a valuable 
ribution to a memorial volume, besides increasing the interesl in 
the celebration. Mr. Hull read a list of distinguished people con 
nected with Portland. 

Judge Symonds hoped that we shall have a celebration, and a good 

one. lb- liked the suggestions which had been made in regard to 

the historical portions of the celebration, and believed that to make 

i ess there must be a good time out of doors, the forenoon to be 

given up to a procession as recommended by Dr. Burrage. 

Mr. W . II. Smith was decidedly in favor of the celebration, and 
thought that the city should make the best of it by increasing the 
knowledge ol the citizens in regard to local history. Besidi 
oration he recommended short addresses upon the business enter- 
prises ol the place. Mr. Smith did not think that the celebration 
could be completed in one day, and as the sons and daughters oi 
Portland are to be presenl from all over the country he recommended 
that se\ eral clays be set apart. 

Mi. T. i . Woodbur) said he had been appointed on the committee 
of the last Cit) Government to bring this matter to the attention ol 
the present < it\ Council, but found that action unnecessary. He 
regarded the celebration as a great educator, and endorsed Dr. 
Burrage's suggestion "I a representation in the procession of his- 
tori( al events. It will take time and mone) to work up the celebra- 
tion, but the result will be gratifying. Mi. Woodburj recommended 
a committee to have charge of the correspondence with Portlanders 
in other pla< i 

Judge Goddard thought there was little or no dissent to the 
ation, and hoped that it would not be gotten up in a stinted 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 21 

in. inner. He believed the people wanted a liberal appropriation for 
this purpose. 

Mr. \V. S. Dana said that he was enthusiastic on this subject, and 
heartily in favor of the celebration. He referred favorably to a 
number of the suggestions made. 

Mr. Sargent said that he did not mean that the papers presented 
by the historical societies were to be bound necessarily, but thought 
that in manuscript they would make a valuable addition to the city 
archives. 

The Mayor then put the question whether the citizens present 
recommended the celebration and a sufficient appropriation therefor, 
and there was a unanimous rising vote. 

The committee then went into executive session, and on motion of 
Mr. Abbott voted to report in favor of holding the celebration. The 
matter of preparing the report was left with the Mayor and Alderman 
Wilson, and the committee adjourned. The report will be presented 
at a special meeting of the City Council Monday evening. 

March 15, 1886. The Committee made the follow- 
ing report: 

"The joint committee to whom was referred the question of the 
advisability of appropriately celebrating the one-hundredth anniver- 
sary of the city's settlement (town's incorporation) Inning considered 
the matter, beg leave to report : 

" At an open meeting of inquiry held by your committee March 12, 
a detailed report of which appeared in the daily papers of the [3th 
inst., it was the unanimous opinion of the citizens present that 
SO notable an occasion in the city's history should be properly and 
appropriately observed. This opinion your committee have found 
by extensive enquiry among our citizens prevails, and your committee 
would recommend that the one-hundredth anniversary of the settle- 
ment of the city (incorporation of the town of Portland), be 
celebrated with fitting and appropriate ceremonies; and offer for 
your consideration the accompanying order, viz. : 

"Ordered, That a joint committee, to consist of the Mayor, the 
Board of Aldermen, and the City Clerk, together with the President 
of the Common Council, and one member of the Common Council 



22 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

from each ward, be appointed to take in charge the Centennial 
celebration of the separation of Portland from Falmouth, and the 
incorporation of the town. 

"And said committee shall have power to call to its assistance 
committees of citizens to forward the objects of the celebration." 

The committee' that were appointed consisted of the 
Mayor, Aldermen Beale, Wilson, Ricker, McMahon, 
Sawyer, Marks, Briggs, City Clerk Burgess, Common 
Councilmen Hobbs, Gatley, McCann, Adams, Parker, 
Lang, Abbott and Spring. 1 

At a subsequent meeting of the City Council, held 
March 29th, 1886, the remaining members of the 
Common Council were added," so that the full com- 
mittee consisted of the Mayor, seven Aldermen, City 
Clerk Burgess and twenty-one members of the Common 
Council. 

March 18, 1886. Meeting of the General Com- 
mittee: 

Present: The Mayor; Aldermen Beale, Wilson, McMahon and 
Marks; Councilmen Hobbs, Gatley, McCann, Parker, Lang, Abbott 
and Spring. 

George C. Burgess was chosen Secretary of the General Com- 
mittee. 

On motion of Alderman Marks it was voted that a clerk be em- 
ployed, to be under the control of the committee, from this time to 
the celebration, at a compensation to be hereafter fixed. John T. 
Hull was elected as the Clerk of the Committee. 

At the suggestion of the Mayor, it was voted that three committees 
be appointed for preliminary work, and the following were chosen, 
viz. : 

Committee on Printing — Alderman Briggs, Councilmen Hobbs and 
McCann. 

1 City Records — vol. 22, |>.i.u<.' J'-. 

2 City Records — vol. 22, p. 321. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 23 

Committee on Programme — The Mayor, Aldermen Wilson and Beale, 
City Clerk Burgess. 

Committee on Correspondence, Invitations and Addresses — The Mayor, 
Alderman Marks, Councilmen Abbott and Spring. 

Committee on Transportation — Alderman Sawyer, Councilmen Gatley 
and Lang. 

The Committee on Programme held a meeting at the 
Mayor's office, Monday evening, March 2 2d: 

Present: The Mayor, Beale, Wilson and Burgess. A number of 
citizens had been invited to attend the meeting, of whom some were 
present, who were invited to present their views and suggestions 
respecting the proposed celebration. Suggestions and remarks were 
made by Lewis B. Smith, J. Marshall Brown, Win. M. Sargent, Geo. 
I). Rand, Win. H. Smith, Albro E. Chase and A. F. Gerrish. 

The programme adopted by the committee and re- 
ported to the General Committee, at a meeting held 
March 24, 1886, was as follows, viz: 

" The Sub-committee on Programme would ask leave to make the 
following report, viz.: 

"That the said committee held a meeting on Monday evening last, 
(March 22d), at the Mayor's office, at 7.30 o'clock, at which meeting 
all the members of the committee were present. 

"A number of citizens had been invited by the Mayor to be 
present and offer suggestions relative to the proposed celebration, 
some of whom were present and gave expressions of their views 
relative to the celebration, which were considered by the committee. 
Lewis B. Smith, Esq., one of the invited gentlemen present, sub- 
mitted in writing many important and valuable suggestions. 

"The committee, after hearing the opinions and views of the 
gentlemen present, held a meeting by themselves, and agreed upon 
the following programme to recommend to your committee, viz.: 

PROGRAMME. 

"Sunday, July 4TH. In the morning, services at the various 
churches and places of meeting appropriate to the local histories of 
the various churches and societies. 



24 CIA rENNIAL MM BRATION. 

••In the afternoon, al the option of the several societies, other 
exercises suitable to the occasion, and also ;ii the ('ity Hall, services 
to be held, commemorative of ancienl stxles of worship, and a< 
companied l>\ music of the olden time. 

"In the evening a meeting to be held .it the (ity Hall, at which 
appropriate services and exercises will be held. 

"MONDAY, JUL^ 5111. At sunrise a Federal salute to be tired, 
a. . ompanied l>v the ringing of all the church bells. 

•'In the forenoon, at a suitable hour, a procession to be Eormed, 
which shall move through such streets in the city as shall hereaftei 
be designated, such procession to include the military, firemen, chic 
and sei re! organi; ations ol out city, school children, with delegations 
of the sons of Portland from other places; portions of such proces 
sion to present in contrast the changes and progress ol Portland 
during the past one hundred years, in forms, costumes and methods, 
die details of which to he arranged l>\ sub-committees. 

•■ \i noon. Federal salute, ringing of c hurch bells, blowing of steam 

u histles. 

•'In the afternoon, at Deering Park, various pleasing entertain- 
ments for the benefit of the children of our city. 

• - ln the evening, illuminated tableauxs, of a historical charactei 
exhibited on low platforms on wheels moved oxer the rails of the 
stieet railroad on Congress street: and also torchlight and flambeaux 
processions; hands to he stationed at different points along the line. 
This exhibition to take the place of. 01 he substituted for, the 
ordinary fireworks displaj . 

" Tuesday, Jul^ 6th. In the ion noon at the ('itv Hall, the 
various literary, historical and musical exercises, including the 
oration, poem, etc.; die ( ii\ Hall to he properly decorated for the 
oi 1 asion. 

"Aftei the close ol the exercises in the hall, an excursion to the 
islands, complimentar) to the visitors and especiall) for then enter- 
tainment, the) to he the guests o| die city. An old-fashioned fish 
chowder and a modern clam bake to be provided. Citizens to be 
allowed to participate by pa) ing cost pri< 

"In the evening an informal reception by the Cit) Government at 

the City Hall. All the public rooms in the building to be open and 

'Lin- if desired. Notable sons and daughters of Port- 



CENTENNIAL CELEP.RATION. 



25 



land from abroad to be presented to the audience. At a later hour 
a promenade concert and dancing in the main hall for those who 
desire. Special reunions to be had in rooms in the building". An 
important one, that of the old members and graduates of all the 
Higii Schools, to be held in the Supreme Judicial Court Room. 

"This reception at the City Hall will be the close of the exercises 
pertaining proper to the celebration. 

" W'kdnesdav, July 7TH. A picnic excursion through the White 
Mountain Notch, over the Portland & Odgensburg Railroad. Free 
to the visitors. Citizens on the same terms as to the island excur- 
sion. This will not only afford our guests a pleasant and healthful 
recreation, but give our citizens an opportunity to show what seeming 
difficulties have been overcome, and important commercial avenues 
opened by the citizens of Portland, who conceived the idea, furnished 
the capital to build, and the men to control and operate it. 

"In the evening, after the return from the excursion, famih re- 
unions, and such other purely social gatherings as the well known 
hospitality of our people will readily suggest and provide. 

" During the days of the celebration, let the newspapers of the ( ity 
give a reasonable portion of their columns to the publication oi 
genealogical and historical articles, contributions in poetry and 
prose, as well as editorials, together with the accounts of the celebra- 
tion. Complete files of these papers to be preserved by the City in 
its archives and in the collections of the Public Library and Histori- 
cal Societies. All the records of the proceedings, from its inception 
to its close, comprising the oration, poem, speeches, etc., reported 
phonographically, all historical and genealogical papers, all poems 
read or accepted, and all other papers of value to lie preserved, and 
as soon as may be in a proper manner, printed and published in a 
memorial volume under the direction of some person qualified for 
the work, authorized to compile and complete it. 

"During the days of the celebration, the public buildings to be and 
remain decorated. Historic arches to be erected at different points 
and suitable tablets to be placed on ancient buildings, historic places 
and the birth places or homes of distinguished men or women of our 
City. Respectfully submitted, 

Charles J. Chapman, Chairman." 

Portland, March 271H, 1886. 



26 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



Subsequently at a meeting of the General Committee, 
held May 30th, the Mayor stated that in consequence of 

the impossibility of obtaining platform cars, the tableaux 
for the evening procession would have to be abandoned, 
and suggested the appointment of a committee on fire- 
works. 

The report as presented was amended by striking out 
that part relating to an excursion over the Portland & 
Ogdensburg Railroad; and further amended by adding 
to the programme for Tuesday the attraction of a 
rowing regatta, and then adopted as amended. 

On motion of Mr. Spring, it was voted that the com- 
mittee select the orator and poet, and report the names 
selected to the General Committee, and also the names 
of such distinguished guests as are to be invited to 
be present at the expense of the city. 

At a meeting of the General Committee, held March 

29, [886, the Committee on Invitations reported that in 

reply to inquiries made, that: 

"Hon. Thomas B. Reed and Mrs. Abba Goold Woolson had 
signified their willingness to accept positions as orator and poetess 
respectively." 

And on motion it was 

"Voted, That the chairman be authorized to formally invite Hon. 
Thomas I!. Reed to be the orator, and Mrs. Abba Goold Woolson to 
be the poetess of the daj ." 

These imitations were extended and formally ac- 
cepted. 

( )n motion of Mr. Gatlev, the Chairman appointed 
the following committee to select sub-committees, whose 
duties shall be to attend to the various duties to be 
performed in connection with the Centennial celebra- 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



27 



tion, viz.: Beale, Wilson, Burgess, Gatley, Brown, 
Rumery and Abbott. 

This sub-committee held a meeting April 3, 1886, and 
prepared a list of sub-committees, and on motion it was 
voted to recommend to the General Committee that the 
several sub-committees be authorized to add to their 
numbers such citizens as they may deem expedient to 
assist them in carrying out the programme. This 
report was made to the General Committee at a meet- 
ing held April 5, 1886. At subsequent meetings of the 
committee additional sub-committees were appointed, 
and citizens were added to some of the committees, so 
that the full organization of the committee as completed 
was as follows, viz: 

GENERAL COMMITTEE. 

CHARLES J. CHAPMAN, Mayor. 

ALDERMEN. 

George W. Beale, Thomas McMahon, 

Virgil C. Wilson, Whitman Sawyer, 

Horace H. Ricker, William M. Marks, 

Herbert G. Briggs. 

COUNCILMEN. 

JOHN P. HOBBS, President. 

George Trefethen, Jerome Rumery, 

Richard K. Gatley, Richard H. Parker, 

Henry P. Dewey, John Williamson, 

Joseph A. McGowan, Caleb N. Lang, 

Michael C. McCann, Henry P. Cox, 

Daniel S. Murphy, George H. Abbott, 

Augustus B. Brown, Ansel G. Dewey, 

Osman Adams, Edward W. Kent, 

Frank H. Cushing, John C. Roberts, 

Patrick J. O'Neil, Eliphalet G. Spring, 
George C. Burgess, City Clerk. 



28 



< I \ I'KW [AL 'III BR \TI<>\. 



ORG \\l/\ I [ON oi i in i i IMMI mm. 



Il<>\. CHARLES J. CHAPMAN, Mayor, Chairman. 

John T. I h i 1 .. Geo. ( '. Burgess, 

Clerk of Committee, Sec'y General Committee. 

( (ffice, Room No. i8, Cit) Hall. 

SUB COMMITTEES. 

Finance and Estimates— Mayor, Councilmen Trefethen and Cox. 

Correspondence and Imitations — Mayor, Alderman Marks. Council- 
men Abbott .mil Spring. 

Sunday Services Alderman Marks, Councilman Ansel G. Dewey, 
* it\ ( Ivrk Burgess. 

Decorations of Hall and Public Buildings, . Irenes, &»c. — Alderman 
Wilson, Councilmen Brown, Gatley, Murphy and Williamson; Citizens, 
George E. Brown, George M. Moore, F. Gregory Forsyth, Michael 
T. Mulhall, Arthur M. Sawyer. 

Salutes, Ringing of Bells, &c. — Alderman Marks. Councilman 
< >'Neil. 

Monday, July jth, Processions, Day and Evening -Mayor, Alderman 
Sawyer, Councilmen Gatley, McGowan, Brown, Cushing, Rumery, 
. Abbott, and Spring, City Clerk Burgess; Citizens, Lewis I!. 
Smith. Geo. M. Moore, Alberl L. Merry, Wm. P. Goss, H. B. Brown, 
Isaac C. Ukinson, V. Gregory Forsyth, Granville H. Cloyes, Albro 
E. Chase, Augustine I >. Smith, George Webster, Thomas \. Roberts. 

Monday Afternoon, Entertainment for Children at Deering Park — 
Alderman Briggs, Councilmen McGowan, Parker, Williamson, and 

\iim'I ( i. I lewej . 

Regatta Uderman McMahon, Councilmen McCann, Henry P. 
Dewey, Cushing, O'Neil and Roberts; Citizens, Mich. id F. Davis, 
I >aniel E. Bowen, I lenrj kinlv. 

Literary I at City Hall, 'Purs, In: [nix 6th— Mayor, Alder- 

men Beale and Briggs, Cit) < lerk Burgess. 

Musi Mderman Ricker, Councilmen Murphy, Rumery, Cox and 
Kent; Citi fohn L. Shaw, Herman Kotzschmar, John B. Coyle. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 29 

Excursion to Islands — Alderman Ricker, Councilmen Trefethen, 
Henry P. Dewey, Parker and Hobhs. 

Reception by City Government, Tuesday Evening — Mayor, Alderman 
Sawyer, Councilman Hobbs, Ex-Mayors Neal Dow, William \Y. 
Thomas, Jacob McLellan, William L. Putnam, George P. Wescott, 
Roswell M. Richardson, Francis Fessenden, George Walker, William 
Senter, Charles F. Libby, John W. Deering, Marquis F. King. 

High Schools, Reunion — Alderman Wilson, Councilmen Kent and 
Adams; Citizens, Thomas Tash, Albro E. Chase, James E. Marrett, 

E. S. Erving McLellan. 

Historical Committee — Alderman Beale, Councilman Cox, City 
Clerk Burgess. 

Printing — Alderman Briggs, Councilmen Hobbs and McCann. 

Transportation — Alderman Sawyer, Councilmen Cation and Lang. 

Memorial Volume — Mayor, Alderman Briggs, Councilmen Mc- 
Gowan and Cox, City Clerk Burgess. 

Fire Works — Alderman Sawyer, Councilmen Adams, Trefethen, 
O'Neil and Kent. 

( 'ommittee on Transportation and Subsistence for Military Companies — 
Alderman Wilson; Citizens, Gen. John J. Lynch. Q. M. Sterling- 
Dow. 

Grand Trunk Railroad Display — Citizens, Joseph N. Martin, David 

F. Corser, Duncan Menish, Sidney B. Stewart, John Evans, Fred 
Smith. 

Portland and Odgcnslu/x Railroad Display — Citizens, Samuel J. 
Anderson, Jonas Hamilton, Walter Tolman, Alexander S. Urquhart. 

Portland Company — Citizens, George W. Beale. George F. Morse, 
Alonzo M. Millett, Charles F. Dam, Robert M. Gould. 

Horses and Carriages — Alderman Sawyer, Councilmen Cushing and 
Murphy. 

Badges and Emblems — Alderman Wilson, Councilmen Brown and 

( 'o\. 

Programmes and Advertising — Councilmen Hobbs and McGowan, 
City Clerk Burgess. 



30 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Historical Representations — Alderman Marks; Citizens, II. I!. Brown, 

George I). Rand, George M. Moore. William A. Goodwin, Edward 
C.Jordan, ('harks II. Boyd, John C. Stevens, Fred A. Thompson, 
Stephen .M . Watson. 

Committee on Promenade Concert, Tuesday Evening — Citizens, William 
Senter. jr., Fritz H. Jordan, Fred R. Farrington, Clayton J. Farring- 
ton, Howard E. Gould, David W. Snow, Arthur S. Gilson, Harry R. 
Virgin. 

At a meeting of the Sub-committee on Procession, 
held Wednesday evening, April 14, 1886, it was voted 
that the different military organizations of the city, the 
civic associations, the pupils of the Grammar and High 
schools, also of the Catholic schools, and the Fire 
Department be invited to take part in the procession 
of Monday, July 5th; also that a trades procession 
be organized to participate in the procession. Sub- 
sequently invitations were extended to the military 
detachment at Fort Preble, and the officers and crew 
of the Revenue Cutter Dallas, and the officers and 
crew of the North Atlantic squadron. 1 Subsequently 
the First Regiment, M. V. M., was ordered by the 
Governor to take part in the parade of July 5th, 
and invitations that had been extended was accepted by 
the Yarmouth Rifles, Hath Light Infantry, Portland 
Cadets, and Fraternity Cadets. Also an invitation was 
accepted by Damon Division Uniform Rank, No. 1, 
Knights of Pythias, of Lewiston. It was voted that 
Major Holman S. Melcher be invited to act as Chief 
Marsha] of the procession July 5th, with authority to 
appoint his own aids, and he subsequently by letter to 
the committee accepted the appointment. 

' See loins, post. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 31 

At a meeting: of the Committee on Processions Albro 
E. Chase was appointed Marshal of the Division of 
School Children, and he was authorized to appoint his 
own aids. 

April 30TH. At a meeting of the Committee on 
Procession the Committee on Historic Representations 
made a report, recommending the preparation of 
nine historical and five allegorical representations on 
floats as a part of the procession of Monday, July 5th 
next, which report was accepted. 

The Sub-committee on Trades' Procession held a 
meeting Thursday evening, May 6, 1886. The follow- 
ing sub-committees were appointed: 

Agricultural Implements, Brushes, Brooms and Stone Ware — S. Cole- 
man Allen. 

Apothecaries, Cigars and Tobacco — Henry P. S. Goold. 

Bakers and Confectioners — -Lewis A. Goudy, George E. Sawyer. 

Boat Builders and Riggers — Charles H. Bain. 

Books — Frederick W. Bailey, Charles T. Varney, Leonard O. Short. 

Box and Trunk Manufacturers — Charles L. Brackett. 

Brass Fowiders and Iron Workers — Martin A. Dillingham, Arthur 
S. Megquier. 

Butchers and Provision Dealers — Austin D. Sulivan. 

Furniture, Cabinet Makers, Carpets, &*c. — Walter L. Corey, Isaac C. 
Atkinson, Thomas H. McDonnell. 

Canned Goods, Retail Grocers — Martin A. Dillingham, Frank W. 
Stockman, Austin D. Sulivan. 

Carpenters and Lumber — George W. Sylvester. 

Carriages and Harnesses — Peter H. Bradley. 

Clothing and Gent's Burnishing Goods — Willard C. Ware, Fred R. 
Farrineton. 



32 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Coal ami Wood — Isaa< I Atkinson. 

perage — Fred \. I fobson. 

Crockery and Marble Workers — John E. Sawyer. 

Dry Goods — Albert S. Rines, George M. Moore. Leander A. Wade. 

Express Companies — Charles A. Cushing. 

Fertilizers — Fred D. Ellis. 

Wholesale and Retail Fish — George F. Loveitt, Albert N. Hawes. 

Photography a ml Florists — Joseph II. Lamson. 

Gas Fitters and Plumbers — Charles A. Plummer. 

Wholesale Grocers, <&c. — Holds B. Hill, Willi. mi II. Stevens. 

Hardware, &>c. — Henry L. Houghton, Joseph A. King. 

II, its an, I Caps — Robert F. Somers, Albert L. Merry. 

Tee and Refrigerators — Willard ! . Ware. 

Jewelry ami Clocks — Charles II. Lamson. 

Machinery and Boiler Makers — Thomas i'>. Merrill, Charles I'. 
Babcock. 

Neivspapers an,/ Printing — George D. Loring. 

Paints and Oils — Charles II. Bain. 

ts and Shoes — Horace II. Shaw. William P. Goss, Charles A. 
( !ushing. 

Ship Chandlery — Charles II. Bain. 
Millinery — John K. Palmer. 
Flags and Sailmakers — J. Edward Fickett. 
Musical Instruments — William II. II. Saunders. 

Sub-committee on Decorations, at a meeting held 

May 7, [886: 

Voted, 'To have the < it\ 1 1 all decorated on the outside ami inside. 
with the corridors, Reception 1 1. ill. Mayor's office, Alderman ami 
Common Council room. The old <it\ Hall on die outside. Ten 
strings of flags to be placed at diiierent points across Congress 
street. The contract for these decorations was subsequently awarded 
to John G. Weston, of Lawrence. Miss. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. ' 33 

The Sub-committee on Children's Entertainment held 
a meeting May 17, 1886, and 

Voted, To have an entertainment for the children at Deering Park, 
on Monday afternoon, July 5th, to consist of a children's concert, 
Punch and Judy shows, day fire works, music from the bands. Sub- 
sequently, the committee arranged for a balloon ascension from 
Lincoln Park. 

The Sub-committee on Sunday Services, at a meeting- 
held May 19, 1886, arranged a programme for the ser- 
vices to be held at the City Hall on Sunday afternoon 
and evening of July 4th, which was satisfactorily and 
successfully carried out. 

The Committee on Music at various meetings ar- 
ranged for and engaged thirteen bands to furnish music 
for the procession of July 5th, and also provided the 
music for the exercises at the City Hall on Sunday, July 
4th, and Tuesday, July 6th. 

The Sub-committee on Memorial Volume made a 
report to the City Council May 27, 1886, and the fol- 
lowing order was passed: 

"Ordered, That the Sub-committee of the Centennial Committee 
having in charge the preparation of a Memorial Volume, be and is 
hereby authorized to prepare for publication and to publish one 
volume, to be an account of the centennial celebration of the in- 
corporation of Portland, under the editorial supervision of John T. 
Hull, Esq. 

"And one volume, to be a memorial history of Portland from the 
date of its incorporation, under the editorial supervision of Gen. 
John Marshall Brown. 

"The expense of publishing said volumes, so far as borne by the 
city, to be charged to the appropriation for contingent expenses." 1 

1 Vol. 22, p. 358, City Records. 



34 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



The Sub-committee on Fireworks, at a meeting held 
May 24th, accepted the proposal of the "Unexcelled 
Fireworks Company" of New York to furnish a display 
of fire' works on Monday evening, July 5th, according to 
the programme as furnished by them. 

The Sub-committee on Invitations, at a meeting held 
March 18, 1886: 

"Voted, That the Clerk of the Committee commence the work of 
correspondence the next day (March 19th), and he be directed to 
prepare lists of the names of those living in other places who were 
former residents of Portland." 

And in accordance with this vote the Clerk of the 
Committee prepared the following Circular, which was 
published in all the State of Maine newspapers, and 
other papers in the United States and Canada, and 
extensively circulated through the mails: 

CKNTENNIAL CELEBRATION, 




PORTLAND, JULY 4 th, 1886. 

The Committee on Imitations of the Centennial Committee desire 
to have a record prepared of the names of the Sons and Daughters 
"t Portland, who are residents in other places to whom invitations to 
attend the Centennial Anniversary can he sent. For that purpose 
they request information of such absentees including those who were 
horn here — those whose parents, or husbands, or wives were natives 
of our city, and also those not natives who were former residents. 
Such information can be communicated by letter or otherwise to 
John T. Null. Clerk ol Committee, at Room No. [8, City Hall. 

( '11 irles J. ( 'u \i'M \\, Mayor % 

Portland, March iq, 1SS6. Chairman of Committee. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 35 

At a meeting of the Sub-committee on Invitations, 
held Friday, June 4th, it was voted to send invitations 
signed by the Mayor, to the persons hereinafter named, 
inviting them to attend the Centennial Celebration on 
July 4th, 5th and 6th next, as the special guests of the 
city, and while here to be entertained at the expense of 
the city ; and invitations in the following form were 
sent: 




CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE. 

Hon. CHARLES J. CHAPMAN, Mayor, Chairman. 

John T. Hull, George C. Burgess, 

Clerk of Committee. Sec'y General Committee 

Room No. 18, City Hall. 

Portland, Me., June 8th, 1886. 
Dear Sir: 

On behalf of the Centennial Committee of the City of Portland 
I have the honor to extend to you an invitation to be present at the 
exercises commemorative of the Centennial Anniversary of our City, 
to be held on July 4th, 5th and 6th next, as the 

GUEST OF THE CITY. 

Hoping that you may be able to favor us with your attendance, 
I am very respectfully 

Your obedient servant, 

CHAS. J. CHAPMAN, 

Mayor. 

To |D. Fuller Appleton, New York. 

*Gen. Romaine B. Ayers, U. S. Army. 

|Rev. Phillips Brooks, Boston. 
*See letters from in appendix. t Present. 



36 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

To *Hon. Erastus Brooks. Staten Island, N. Y. 
fRt. Rev. Alex. Burgess, Quincy, Illinois. 
•Ri. Rev. 1). M. Bradley, Manchester, N. H. 
tRev. Edwin C. Bolles, Salem, Mass. 
tjoseph Brooks, Esq, Kennebunk, Maine. 
*Re\. Cyrus A. Bartol. Boston. 

• B. II. Bartol, Philadelphia. 

tCapt. Robert Boyd, U. S. N., Com'r of b. S. S. Tennessee. 
' Phineas Barnes, Pittsburg, Pa. 
*Daniel C. Colesworthy, boston, 
tllon. Henr) Carter, Haverhill, Mas-,, 
i R.\ John W. Chickering, Wakefield, Mas-. 
" Rev. Joseph Cummings, D. D., Evanston, 111. 
*John Ward Deane, Boston. 
♦Hon. Mark 11. Dunnell, Owatowna, Minn. 
("Rev. Hugh S. Carpenter, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Thomas Cummings, Esq., Freeport, Me. 
t Rev. Joseph F. Elder. D. I).. New York. 
*Samuel Fessenden, Esq., Stamford, Conn. 
tllon. Henry L. Gregg, Hudson, X. Y. 

\l aj. ( ren. 0.0. 1 toward, b. S. A., San Francisco, ( al. 
tHon. Hannibal Hamlin, Bangor, Me. 
*Hon. Eugene Hale, Ellsworth, Me. 

Alvin Higgins, Esq., New York. 
' I [on. I [« isea [lsley, ( !helsea, Mass. 
fHon. Isaae A. Jack, St. John, X. B. 

harles P. Ilsle\, Esq., Cambridge, Mass. 
t. Washington [lsley, Limerick, Me. 
fRev. Elijah Kellogg, Harpswell, Me. 
fHon. Horatio King. Washington, 1 >. C. 
♦Rev. Henrj M. King, D. D., Albany, \. \ . 

i. I [oratio ( '. King. New York. 
fRev. Samuel Longfellow, Cambridge, Mass. 
ilb'ii. John Lynch, Washington, I >. ('. 

M I i llan, Esq., Greenport, L. I. 
tjohn II. McDonough, Esq., Boston. 

fProf. Edward S. Morse, Salem. Mass. 

• Mrs. < !n. i i Barnes i Martin, boston. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 37 

To *Stephen R. Niles, Esq., Boston. 
fRev. J. T. G. Nichols, Saco, Me. 
|Hori. William D. Pennell, Lewiston, Me. 
*Prof. John K. Paine, Cambridge, Mass. 
*Mrs. Elizabeth Oakes Smith, Hollywood, N. C. 
*Rt. Rev. Horatio Southgate, Ravenswood, N. Y. 
f Maj. Charles W. Stevens, Boston. 
*Andrew Scott, Esq., Flushing, L. I. 
*Mrs Ann S. Stephens, New York. 
*Rt. Rev. Wm. Bacon Stevens, Philadelphia, Pa. 
*Rev. Horatio Stebbins, San Francisco, Cal. 
*Hon. Francis Springer, Columbus Junction, Iowa. 
*Hon. Charles Levi Woodbury, Boston. 
*Hon Stewart L. Woodford, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
fMrs. Abba Goold Woolson, Concord, N. H. 
*Moses Woolson, Concord, N. H. 
*Sargent S. Prentiss, Esq., New Orleans. 
*Mrs. N. P. Willis, New Bedford, Mass. 
*Mrs. Mary Neal Sherwood, Baltimore, Md. 
*Miss Margaret E. Neal, Baltimore, Md. 

The above were either natives, former residents, or 
their parents, husbands or wives were born in Portland. 

OFFICIAL GUESTS. 

*The President, Grover Cleveland, Washington, D. C. 
fThe Governor, Hon. Frederick Robie, Gorham, Me. 

STAFF. 

fBrig. Gen. Samuel J. Gallagher, Augusta. 
*Brig. Gen. John T. Richards, Gardiner. 
tCol. Augustus C. Hamlin, Bangor. 
tCol. F. M. Guptill, Saco. 
tCol. Samuel N. Campbell, Cherryfield. 
tCol. Charles C. Burrill, Ellsworth. 
tCol. Enoch C. Farrington, Portland. 
tCol. Frank D. Pullen, Bangor. 

AIDS. 

tLt. Col. Wm. A. R. Boothby, Waterville. 
tLt. Col. Wm. B. King, Calais. 



38 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

To |Lt. Col. Albert B. Nealley, Lewiston. 
tLt. Col. Wm. F. Boardman, Calais. 
tLt. Col. J. Frank Hayden, Bath. 
tLt. Col. Ruel T. McLellan, Portland. 
tLt. Col. Frank C. Knight, Rockland. 
tLt. Col. George E. Dole, Bangor. 

STATE COUNCILLORS. 

*Hon. Ernest M. Goodall, Sanford. 

tHon. Joseph A. Locke, Portland. 
*Hon. George R. Fernald, Milton. 
tHon. A. R. Bixby, Skowhegan. 
tHon. Andrew R. G. Smith, Whitefield. 
tHon. Silas C. Hatch, Bangor. 
*Hon. Lambert Sands, Sebec. 

*Gen. Charles Hamlin, Bangor. 

*Hon. James G. Blaine, Augusta. 

*Hon. William. P. Frye, U. S. Senator, Lewiston. 

*Hon. Nelson Dingley, Jr., M. C, Lewiston. 

*Hon. Charles A. Boutelle, M. C, Bangor. 

*Hon. Seth L. Milliken, M. C, Belfast. 

*Rev. Wm. DeW. Hyde, President of Bowdoin College. 

*Rev. G 1). 1'.. Pepper, President of Colby University. 

*Rev. Owen 1!. Cheney, President of Bates College. 

tHon. M. C. Fernald, President of State College. 

*Hon. John I ). Long, Pres't of the " Sons of Maine," Boston. 

*Hon. James W. Bradbury, President of the Maine Historical 

Society, Augu 
(■Chairman of Boasd of Selectmen. Cape Elizabeth. 

Chairman of Board of Selectmen, Deering. 
i I !i .hi in. hi of Board ol Selectmen, Westbrook. 

Chairman oi Board of Selectmen, Falmouth. 
tHon. Joseph R. Bodwell, Hallowell. 
*Col. Clark S. Edwards, Bethel. 
• I [on. J. Bois I »<• Veber, Mayor of St. John, N. B. 
i I Ion. Samuel E. Parcher, Mayor of Biddeford. 
("Hon. Roscoe L. Bowers, Mayor of Saco. 
tHon. L. M. Haskell. Mayor of Auburn. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 39 

To tHon. Daniel Gowan, Mayor of Lewiston. 

*Hon. George E. Macomber, Mayor of Augusta. 
*Hon. J. E. Ladd, Mayor of Gardiner. 
tHon. Augustine Lord, Mayor of Hallowell. 
fHon. Benjamin Williams, Mayor of Rockland. 

Hon. J. M. Wakefield, Mayor of Bath. 

Hon. Charles Baker, Mayor of Belfast. 
*Hon. E. B. Neally, Mayor of Bangor. 

Hon. H. B. Mason, Mayor of Ellsworth. 
*Hon. M. N. McCusick, Calais. 
*Hon. Mayor, Newburg, N. Y. 

To those who accepted the invitations, the following 
circular was sent: 

CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE. 

Hon. CHARLES J. CHAPMAN, Mayor, Chairman. 
John T. Hull, George C. Burgess, 

Clerk of Committee, Sec'y General Committer. 

Room No. 18, City Hall. 
Dear Sir : 

The Committee on Invitations of the Centennial Committee, have 
the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of inform- 
ing them of your acceptance of the invitation to be present at the 
exercises commemorative of the Centennial Anniversary of the City 
of Portland, on July 4th, 5th and 6th, next, as the 

Guest of the City, 
and they beg leave to inform you, that, if agreeable to you, arrange- 
ments have been made for your entertainment while here, at 

where you will proceed on your arrival in the City, and of which 
please notify the Clerk of the Committee, John T. Hull, Room No. 

18, City Hall. 

Respectfully yours, 

Charles J. Chapman, Mayor, Chairman. 

William M. Marks, 
George H. Abbott, 
Eliphalet G. Spring, 

Committee on Invitations. 



40 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

The Committee on Excursion to the Islands, at a 
meeting held June 14th, voted to accept the proposition 
of the Forest City Steamboat Company to transport 
the company to Long Island and return, and to furnish 
a clam hake. The bill of fare to consist of the follow- 
ing, viz: clams, eggs, lobsters, corn, potatoes, sweet and 
Iri^h, coffee, tea, brown bread, pilot bread, butter, dip 
for the bake, pickles. Mr. David B. Ricker was added 
to the committee. 

The Committee on High School Reunion, at a meet- 
ing- held June 7th, voted to add Thomas Tash, Superin- 
tendent of schools, Albro E. Chase, Principal of the 
High School, James E. Marrett and E. S. Erving 
Mt Lilian, graduates, to the committee. 

Voted, That Councilman Adams, of the City Committee, Messrs. 
Chase, Marrett and McLellan be a committee to prepare a list of 
names for a sub-committee, one lady and one gentleman from each 

class. 

This committee subsequently reported the following 
names as the committee: 

Committej "i hie High School Clas 

Graduating class, 1864. Chi-. \. Haskell, Mrs. Chas A. Haskell. 

[865. E. S. Erving M. Lellan, Mrs. A. M. Smith. 

1866. 1st class, Mrs. H. P. Larrabee. 

1 566. 2d class, George E. Raymond, Miss Hattie Blanchard. 

[867. Edwin E. Coding, Miss Annie W. Lyman. 

[868. Dr. George H. Cummings, Miss Ella M. Adams. 

1869. Charles F. Guptill, Miss Mary K. baker. 

1S70. Edward W. Corey, Miss Lucy N. Blanchard. 

[871. George M. Thomas, Mrs. Geor^v \V. Way. 

1 572. James E. Marrett, Miss Ella S. Sargent. 

[873. Josiah H. Drummond, Jr., Mis. Charles D. Smith. 

[874. Ch.ulcs O. Haskell, Mrs. E. S. Goding. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 41 

1875. Walter G. Davis, Miss Alice J. Evans. 

1876. Fred N. Hamilton, Miss Edith Hersey. 

1877. Samuel H. Thompson, Miss Nora E. Wyer. 

1878. Will. C. Allen, Miss Mary S. Murch. 

1879. Wilford G. Chapman, Miss Mabel Hurd. 

1880. D. Ray Frohock, Miss Annie Fowler. 

1 88 1. Charles F. Flagg, Miss Carrie Thompson. 

1882. Frank O. Haskell, Miss Florence E. Woodbury. 

1883. Fred E. Eastman, Miss Alice M. Allen. 

1884. Fred G. Fassett, Miss Mary G. Moses. 

1885. Fred H. Palmer, Miss Edith H. McAlpine. 

1886. George Morrill, Miss Emma Jones. 

The Committee on Entertainment for Children at 
Deering Park, at a meeting held, voted to engage the 
services of Mrs. Ann E. Merrill, music teacher in the 
Public Schools, to make arrangements for the children's 
concert at Deering Park on the afternoon of Monday, 
July 5th. 

The Committee on Invitations caused to be designed 
and engraved an invitation card like the copy on the 
opposite page. Over four thousand of them were sent 
to the sons and daughters of Portland, and special 
distinguished guests. Also the following circular ac- 
companied each invitation card sent: 

1786 PORTLAND'S 1886 

CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION, 

July 4TH, 5TH and 6th, 1886. 

To the Sons and Daughters of Portland and its Former Residents: 

The City of Portland proposes to celebrate its Centennial Anni- 
versary in an appropriate manner, by suitable services on Sunday, 
July 4th; procession and displays on Monday, July 5th; historical 
and literary exercises, entertainments, excursions and reunions on 
Tuesday, July 6th, next. 



12 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

The Committee on Imitations cordially invite yon to be present 
on that occasion, and they have caused the official invitation of the 
city to be sent to you from the Chairman of the Centennial Com- 
mittee, and it is hoped that at that time many of you may be able to 
return to and visit again 

" . . . . the beautiful town 
That is seated by the si 

Please repl) to this communication as soon as is possible, and if 
you or any of your family propose to attend the celebration, please 
forward their names and intended places of entertainment, while 
here, to John T. Hull, Clerk of Committee, room No. 18, City Hall, 
in order that a record may be kept for the information of the 
committee. 

A full programme and information respecting transportation will 
be published hereafter. 

Respectfully yours, 

Charles J. Chapman, Mayor, Chairman. 
Win. am M. Marks, j Committee 
George H. Abbott, on 

ELIPHALET G. Spring, \ {irritations. 
Portland, June i, 1886. 

Many interesting responses and letters were received, 
some of which are published hereafter. 

The Clerk of the Committee, Mr. John T. Hull, on 
April 30th, published the following communication in 
the I )aily Argus: 

The proposed celebration of our hundredth anniversary by the 
city, July 4th, 5th and 6th next, and the reunion of its former residents. 
jarded with a good degree of favor by its sons and daughters, 
absent from us, who are to be found in all parts of our land. 

Notices of the intended celebration have been published and 
widely circulated l>\ newspapers in different sections oi our country, 
and the responses from the former residents have been numerous and 
hearty. Letters have been received from parties residing in over 
twenty States and Territories of the United States, and also in the 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 43 

British Provinces, who formerly dwelt with us, or their children whose 
homes now are far distant from the "old town by the sea," all 
expressing a deep interest in the proposed reunion and wishing their 
names enrolled in the lists of those to whom invitations are intended 
to be sent. 

A newspaper published in an extreme section of the Northwest 
(The Daily Argus of Fargo, Dakota Territory) publishes the following 
humorous notice, viz : 

"According to the Bismark Tribune, Dr. J. B. Hall, at one time a 
citizen of North Dakota, now down in Maine, wants all former resi- 
dents of Portland, including Brad Stevens, to send their names to 
John T. Hull, No. 18, City Hall, Portland, so a record of all can be 
had. Anybody born there, or ever living there, should respond. 
Maine has many gallant sons in Dakota and Colonel Plummer." 

The Capital, published at Jamestown, Dakota Territory, says : 
"Portland, Me., is to have a grand centennial anniversary celebra- 
tion on the 5th of July. The sons and daughters of Portland the 
world over are invited to return for the time to their old home and 
participate in the pleasures of the day. That Portland can entertain, 
needs no demonstration to those who attended the G. A. R. encamp- 
ment last season." 

M. P. Williams, a former resident of Portland, now editor of the 
Register, Hudson, N. Y., in his paper says : 

"Portland's Centennial. — The city of Portland, Me., will appro- 
priately celebrate its centennial anniversary on the 4th of July next. 
Old Falmouth has a most interesting history, and her children- 
many of them distinguished in literature, science and statesmanship — 
are scattered all over the globe. The attractions of Casco Bay and 
its surroundings at the balmy season of the year cannot fail to draw 
together an immense throng. Mayor Chapman, chairman of the 
Centennial Committee, has issued the following circular," &c. 

From the various letters received by the clerk of the Centennial 
Committee, we make some pleasing extracts, which show the feeling 
of Portland's children for their old home, and first of all we give a 
portion of a letter from Portland's former jgifted authoress and 



44 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

poetess, now living at an advanced age, Mrs. Elizabeth Oakes Smith. 
We regret that we have not now space to publish the letter in full : 

Hollywood, Cartaret Co., N. C, 

April 19, 1886. 
Mr. /,)//// T I Full, Clerk of Committee, &*c. : 

[f possible I will be with you to contribute my mite on the august 
occasion. I shall at least hope to send you a word. Portland, like 
Mount /ion, is "beautiful for situation," and why not add "the joy 
of the whole world?" for her childien have been an honor to her. 
And first, should be my husband, Mr. Seba Smith, whose humorous 
writings are still in demand, being the thoughts pertaining to states- 
manship, presented in the guise of humor. Of course you are 
familiar with the record of the worthies of Portland, who are house- 
hold words in our republic: Seba Smith, John Neal, Henry W. 
Longfellow, N. P. Willis, and I think Fannie Fern, his sister, (her 
daughter, now Mrs. Parton, lives in New York.) Daniel C. Coles- 
worthy, Chelsea, Mass. John Neal's daughter lives in Baltimore, I 
think. Mrs. Ann S. Stephens has one daughter with her in New York 
City. Hon. Francis Springer, Columbus Junction, Iowa. He framed 
the constitution of Iowa, and was Judge of the Supreme Court for 
twelve years. 

Alas! when we enumerate the children of Portland it revives the 
memory of my sorrows. ( >f my six sons, two are this side of the 
bourne whither we all tend — Hon. Appleton Oaksmith, late member 
of the Legislature of North Carolina, and not undistinguished as a 
writer of verse and prose; Mrs. Augusta Oaksmith, born and a resi- 
dent of Portland, now of Hollywood, Cartaret Co., N. C. Al\in 
Oaksmith, also a writer of verse and prose, and lately nominated to 
office imation, is living in Iilue Point, L. I 

In my travels as a lecturer and preacher, it was not unfrequently 
thai I met some former resident of Portland, and always they were 
doing her honor by position and character. Of her numerous sons 
high in attainments, and high in honors, you need no mention from 
me. I have been prolix, and yet I fear I have done little to help you 
in honoring those to whom honor is due. 

Very respectfully yours, 

Elizabeth Oakes Smith." 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 45 

Among other letters to the committee is one from a lady, a native 
of this city, residing thirty years in Texas, who says, " My best wishes 
will be with you all on the day appointed. My recollections of your 
beautiful city are very pleasant, although I have been so long a 
stranger." 

Mrs. Dorcas Conner of Lynn, aged 84 years, writes: "I am too 
feeble to attend. My father was Philip Fowler, who built, in 1800, 
the building (on Fore street) now known as the " Friendly Inn." 
My mother was Dorcas Tukey, the youngest child of eleven, and 
daughter of Jona Tukey. I am the last of my family. I lived with 
my cousin, Mrs. Seward Porter, about 18 12, and helped make powder 
bags to fit out privateers. I had to fit out my husband and two sons 
to the war of the rebellion. I remember many incidents connected 
with the war of 18 12, and the embargo, and I would like to lay my 
eyes once more on my native place ; but I never shall. I take a 
great interest in all that pertains to my native place." 

Dea. E. F. Duren of Bangor, in one of his letters says : " I am 
much interested in the proposed celebration at Portland. I would 
state that my native place was Boston (18 14), yet my mother was 
born in Portland, Nov. 7th, 1786, (centennial) a daughter of Hon. 
Samuel Freeman and Betsey (Ilsley) (Jones) Freeman. My resi- 
dence in Portland was with my grandfather, from 1824. Graduated 
from Portland Latin School, Master Libby, classmate of the late 
Commodore Geo. H. Preble." 

J. M. Johnson, Esq., editor of the Commercial Advertiser of 
Buffalo, N. Y., a native of Portland, says: "My desire will be great 
to be present, and to contribute to the literary exercises. I should 
be pleased to contribute a brief paper of reminiscences dating back 
fifty years. Also of the work of the committee (at Buffalo) for the 
relief of the sufferers by the fire at Portland in 1866; in which 
$10,000 in money and supplies were contributed by the good citizens 
of Buffalo." 

The venerable Charles Lord of Calais, writes: "Nothing would 
give me greater pleasure than being present on the occasion, did my 
health permit. Forty-five years have passed since I left Portland. 
Very few of my acquaintances are now living, and I am not a little 
surprised that I should be remembered as a former resident." 



46 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

A letter from a lady in Concord, N. H., says: "I am greatly 
attached to Portland, and can never call any other place home; so 
respond gladly to the invitation, and give attention to all that con- 
cerns my beautiful native city." 

A lady residing in Eastport, a native of Portland and belonging to 
one of its prominent families, writes: "I claim a strong interest in 
the beautiful city of my birth. I wish much to witness the festivities 
of the anniversary, with my husband and daughter. Shall do so if 
possible. " 

A postal received reads : 

Flushing, N. Y., April 22d, 1886. 
Pr. request in Transcript. 

Born in Portland in 1798, resided there till 1831; since in New 
York and Flushing. 

Your obedient servant, 

Andrew Scott. 

A letter from a native of Portland, who has resided in Texas for 
many years, and who was, during the war, a general in the Confedei -ate 
service, says : " I should like very much to attend the celebration 
in dear old Portland if I am able." 

A letter from Liverpool, N. S., from a lady long residing there, 
says : 

" 1 have the honor of being one of Portland's grandchildren, which 
makes me, I presume, eligible for an invitation. I should be very 
glad to visit the birthplace of my ancestry on my father's side of 
whom 1 know so little. My father came to Yarmouth, N. S., from 
Portland about the year 1816, and married there." 

Maj. Charles W. Stevens of Boston, one of Portland's talented sons 
a prominent merchant and known as a writer, speaker and poet, and 
prominent in military circles, .is past commander of the Ancient and 
Honorable Artillery of Boston, &c, writes expressive of his greal 
interest in the proposed celebration. 

It is hoped that the intrust that is being manifested in this our 
centenniel celebration elsewhere will be responded to by those who 
are here at home, and that our citizens will take all necessary 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 47 

measures to properly receive and entertain those who, on that oc- 
casion, will come back to see the "old place," and renew the old 
associations and memories of the past. 

The Chief Marshal, Maj. Holman S. Melcher, issued 
the following orders, viz: 




CITY OF PORTLAND. 

1786. CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 1886. 

Office of Chief Marshal. 

Portland, June 10, 1886. 
Dear Sir: 

You are cordially invited to accept a position on the Honorary 
Staff of the Chief Marshal on the occasion of Portland's Centennial 
Celebration. 

In accepting this invitation, no active duty will be required. 

You will report to General Henry G. Thomas, on Casco Street, at 
9.30 a.m., July 5th, mounted, and if convenient, dressed in a dark 
suit, black hat preferable, and light gloves, to ride with other promi- 
nent and representative men of the city at the head of the column, 
and review the procession at the close of the parade. 

Respectfully, 

H. S. Melcher, Chief Marshal. 

Official : 

Charles D. Clark, 

Adj. Gen'l. 



48 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 




1786. 



CITY OF PORTLAND. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



1886. 



Office of Chief Marshal. 

Portland, June, 14, 1886. 

( General Order. > 

\ No. i. J 

I. The following named gentlemen have accepted positions on the 
Staff of the Chief Marshal, in the Centennial procession of July 5th, 
and their appointments are hereby announced : 

Col. Hollis 11. Hill. Chief of Stall. 

('apt. Charles D. Clark, Adjutant General. 

( 'apt. Whitman Sawyer, Quartermaster General. 

Maj. Albert A. Nickerson, Inspector General. 

Mervin W. (lark, Asst. Adjutant General. 

Arthur K. Hunt, Asst. Quartermaster General. 

AIDS. 

( apt. Samuel Thurston, 



Col. Henry M. Sprague, 

Maj. W. H. Green, 

Maj. Charles H. Boyd, 

( 'apt. Geo. M. Seiders, 

(apt. Appleton II. Plaisted, 

( i]il. II. II. Shaw. 

Geo. L. Swett, 

Aug. H. Prince, 

William McLellan. 

X. John Little 

Geo. H. McKenney, 



Jere. S. Douglass. 

William Senter, Jr.. 

William Lawrence Dana. M. D., 

Geo. M. Young, 

John P. Thomas, 

l.\ man I [anson, 

Fred B. Libby, 

Jabez True, 

Edward ( '. Jordan. 

( aleb N. Lam:. 



II. The Headquarters f>f the Chief Marshal are hereby located 
at the Mayor's room, City building, on the morning of the parade, 
where all officers of the staff, not assigned to duty, will ri 
promptly at 8 a.m. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 49 

III. The following assignments on the part of this Staff are 
hereby announced, and officers so detailed will report to the Marshals 
of the several Divisions, or to the Committees having them in charge, 
rendering such assistance as may be in their power in the formation 
and organization of the same, and make due verbal report to the 
Chief Marshal thirty minutes before the time set for the moving of the 
procession, which will be announced in future orders : 

Col. Henry M. Sprague, Maj. W. H. Green, Capt. A. H. Plaisted, 
Military Division. 

Maj. Chas. H. Boyd, Historical Division. 

Capt. Geo. M. Seiders, Civic or Societies' Division. 

Aug. H. Prince, Trades' Division. 

Capt. H. H. Shaw, Manufacturers' Division. 

Jabez True, Schools' Division. 

George H. McKenney, Fire Department Division. 

William Senter, Jr., Naval Division. 

George L. Swett, Railroads' Division. 

John P. Thomas, Honorary Staff. 

IV. Col. Hollis B. Hill, assisted by Edw. C. Jordan, of this staff, 
are hereby assigned to the care and charge of invited guests. 

V. To Capt. Samuel Thurston, assisted by X. John Little and 
Jere. S. Douglass, is assigned the care and charge of all bands of 
music, and they will report to the Chief Marshal for, instructions. 

VI. By report of committee, to whom it was referred, the follow- 
ing uniform is adopted on the part of this staff : Soft black hat, with 
gold cord; dark blouse or sack coat, with brass buttons; military 
gauntlet gloves; dark pants with enamelled leather boot tops. 

VII. Officers, in addition to the badge adopted by this staff, are 
at liberty to wear all military or other badges to which they may be 
entitled. 

VIII. Each officer is expected to procure his own horse, but 
equipments to be obtained of Capt. Whitman Sawyer, Quartermaster 
General, it being desirable to have all alike, and application should 
be made to him for same. 

4 



50 



( l\ I I \NIAL CELEBRATION. 



IX. Officers are earnestly enjoined to exercise due economy in 
expense of uniform and horse, as no bill of exorbitant amount will 
be approved. 

X. This General Order is subject to such changes and alterations 
as the occasion ma) require, of which due notice will be given. 

By command of 

H. S. Mii< her, Chief Marshal. 
Charles D. Clark, Adj. General. 

The Committee on Trades' Procession held a meet- 
ing Tuesday evening, June ioth. 

The Committee on Banners reported that they were 
having a large banner prepared for the head of the 
procession and twenty-six smaller ones for the heads 
of the sub-divisions. 

At a meeting of the committee, held June 17th, it 
was voted that the banners representing the different 
departments be carried by men mounted. 

The following circular was issued by the Chief 
Marshal of the Trades' Processions; 



I l.\ rENNIAL COMMITTEE. 

( ommittee on trades 1 'k' 'cession. 

Portland, Mi.. June is, [886. 

Dear Sir: 

It has been decided that the Marshal and Aids of Trades Pi 
sion will dress as follows: Dark kersej tall hat, black cutaway 
coat, linen riding trousers, drab gloves, white neck-tic. For horse, 
plain English or Whitman saddle, with light bridle. 

G. M. Moore. Marshal. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



51 



The following was the organization of the staff of the 
Trades' Procession: 



Marshal, 
GEORGE M. MOORE. 

Chief of Staff, 
FRKI). D. ELI. is. 



Aids, 



AUSTIN D. SULIVAN. 
MARTIN A. DILLINGHAM. 
ISAAC C. ATKINSON. 
PETER H. BRADLEY. 
CHARLES A. PLUMMER. 
WILLIAM P. GOSS. 
ALBERT L. MERRY. 
JOSEPH H. LAMSON. 



GEORGE W. SYLVESTER. 
WILLARD C. WARE. 
WILLIAM H. STEVENS. 
ALBERT S. RINES. 
CHARLES A. CUSHINC;. 
WM. H. H. SAUNDERS. 
THOMAS P. R. CARTLAND. 
THOMAS H. M'DONNELL. 



George M. Moore. 
Fred D. Ellis. 
Henry P. S. Goold. 
Lewis A. Goudy. 
Charles H. Bain. 
Willard C. Ware. 
Hollis B. Hill. 
William H. Stevens. 
Charles A. Plummer. 
Joseph H. Lamson. 
James E. Fickett. 
Leander A. Wade. 
Albert S. Rines. 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

John E. Sawyer. 
Fred R. Farrington. 
Charles A. Cushing. 
Geo. F. Loveitt. 
Albert N. Hawes. 
Peter H. Bradley. 
Geo. W. Sylvester. 



Robert F. Somers. 
Albert L. Merry. 
Thomas B. Merrill. 
Charles P. Babcock. 
Wm. H. H. Saunders. 
John E. Palmer. 
Geo. D. Loring. 



Thos. H. McDonnell. Horace H. Shaw. 
Isaac C. Atkinson. William P. (loss. 
Martin A. Dillingham. Thos. P. R. Cartland. 
Austin I ). Sulivan. 

Arthur S. Megquier. Joseph S. Dunham. 
Charles L. Brackett. Fred Dunham. 



Geo. L. Briggs. 



52 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

SCHOOL DIVISION. 

The following orders and directions respecting the 
School Division procession were issued by the Superin- 
tendent of Schools and the Marshal: 

PORTLAND PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
To the Principals : 

The following general directions drawn by the Marshal in charge 
of the School Division of the Centennial Procession should be care- 
fully observed. Whatever previous preparations, not inconsistent 
with the daily school work, can be made, and aid rendered, con- 
tributing to the order and success of the procession will meet with 

approval. 

Respectfully, 

Thomas Tash, Supt. 
Superintendent's ( Mfice, June 9, 1886. 

.] k\I. DIRECTIONS. 

Marshals. — Selecl from your own school as many marshals as you think you 
een. If von prefer ih.it 1 should furnish marshals, notify 
nn how many you want and what ones ii you have .m 

Marching. — All marching will be done by fours. In marching each boy should 
keep in lint- with the hoy in trout and at his side; the distance between the I 
four should be about three feet. Pupils had better he arranged by height, tallest 
on the right of the lit 

Banners and badges will be furnished on the morning of tin- parade at the place 
of meeting mentioned below. 

Time wi> I'i.m 1 "i Meeting — Pupils will be at the buildings mentioned below 
promptly at 9 o'i Monday morning, July 5, (886. The room that each 

school will occupy in the building will be di • placards, and aids will he 

in attend. 11 

Shailer, Grammar and Primary, at the High school building. 

North, •• " " Chestnut street school building. 

( 'urn he 1 land St. Grammar " High school building. 

< rrammar and Prima 1 " " " 

Butler " 

\\ . -1 " " " Chestnut street school building. 

Island " 

Primal \ V " " " " 

1. mil 1 1, " II igh school building. 

Pupils coming to II building will entei on Cumberland street. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 53 

Banner Bearer. — Each principal will select one to hear the banner and two to 
a< i as his aids, and to march one on each side of him. The banner should be 
placed in the center of the line. 

( me teacher, at least, from each school should be present at the buildings above 
mentioned to assist in the distribution of badges. As soon as the pupils are 
formed in line to move into the procession, teachers will be excused. 

A -"'id opportunity will be given all children in line to see the procession, as it 
will countermarch during the parade. 

The arrangements in regard to the girls will be announced hereafter. 

Albro E. Chase, Marshal in char^ 

HEADQUARTERS CHIEF MARSHAL, SCHOOL DIVISION. 

[general order NO. 2.] 

Portland, June 26th, 1886. 

To the Principals: 

Please note carefully the following directions in regard to the 
School Parade, July 5, 1886. 

1st. Be sure that you have selected one marshal; also two assistant marshals 
for each 24 boys — also if you have any drummers in school, select two, also one 
banner bearer and two aids. 

2d. Pupils will meet at their respective school buildings on that morning at 
9 o'clock to receive badges, &c. Principals will arrange for such teachers, as they 
may wish, to be present at the same time to distribute the badges. 

3d. An aid from the headquarters will be in attendance to conduct each school 
t<i their position in the line. This aid will also bring the badges. 

4th. All formations will be in double ranks and in columns of sixes. 

5th. The position of the marshal will be on the left of the first section of sixes 
when in column and three paces in front of center when in line. 

6th. The position of the aids will be on the right of their sections when in line, 
and two paces to the right when in column. 

7th. Col. R. T. McLellan will act as drill instructor and be obeyed accordingly. 
The following will be drill hours unless otherwise ordered: Drummers, if any, will 
have their drums at the school building on these days. 

West School, Monday, 11. 15 o'clock A. M. 

North School, Monday, 2 o'clock p. m. 

Shailcr School, Monday, 3.30 o'clock P. M. 

Monument St. School, Monday, 3.30 o'clock P. M. 

The principal of this last school will send her pupils to the Shailcr school 
building so that they will be there by 3.30, unless ordered differently. 

Tuesday afternoon at 3.30 o'clock all pupils, who march, belonging to the follow 
ing schools, will be at the Butler school building : Casco Street, Spring Stun, 



A! 



d n n wiai i figuration. 



Park Street, Bra< k< tl Strei t, Vaughan Street, and will drill with the Butler school. 
< >ther schools will be notified in the next order. 

8th. All marshals and aids will report for orders and direct ions at tin High 
School building, Congress street entrance, on Monday, June 28th, at 6.30 0' 
p. M. 

9th. All other orders and directions are hereby countermanded. 

Albr< 1 I ■:. Chase, Ch, 1 Ma> shal. 



HEADQUARTERS CHIEF MARSHAL, SCHOOL DIVISION. 

[GEN KRAI. ORDER NO. 3.] 

Portland, July 1, 1886. 

To the Principals : 

Please note carefully, the following directions in regard to the 
school parade July 5, 1886 : 

1st. Be sure that you 1m marshal; also two assistanl marshals 

'in boys; also if you have any drummers in school select two, 
also one banner bearer and two aids. 

2d. Pupils will meet at their respective school buildings on that morning at 9 
o'clock to receive badges, &c. Principals will arrange for such teachers, as they 
sh, to be present at the same time to distribute the badges. 
3d. An aid from the headquarters will be in attendance to conduct each si 
to their position in the line. This aid will also bring the badges, unless they have 

u lit']-. 

|th. All formations will be in double ranks and in columns of - 

5th. Please send immediately by mail upon receipt of these orders to 
Albro E. Chase the nanus of the marshal and aids in your school, in 
older that their names maybe published; also the number of pupils, b 
numbers have increased over the number originall) reported, badges cannol be had. 

6th. Marshals must obej the directions of the aid in getting their company to 
the headqua 

7th. All girls who are to ride will report at the High School building at 9 
o'clock on that morning. 

8th. Order No. 7 di 1 those under direction of Mr. John L. Shaw. 

9th. All marshals, aids and drummers will report for final orders and dire* tions 
at the lb h s hool Buildir Street Entra - 3d, at 

mi k \. M. Marshals and aids will bring a light cane. 

10th. Caution pupils about their behavior, especially when they are in line on 
Com ' and the procession moves by them. 

1 ith. All pre\ ious bj 1 ountermanded. 

\ 1 BRO E. < 11 ■ '■' h,il. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



55 



CENTENNIAL SERMONS. 

The Committee on Sunday Services, addressed a 
circular to each of the clergymen of the city, who held 
a parochial charge, as follows, viz.: 

CITY OF PORTLAND. 

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Dear Sir : 

It is proposed to preserve in a permanent form an account of the 
Centennial Celebration, together with an Historical Sketch of Port- 
land, including, amongst other things, an account of the rise and 
growth of the religious societies of the city. 

Through the Ministerial Association we have extended an invita- 
tion to the pastors of the city to prepare, in the form of an historical 
discourse, to be delivered in their churches on Sunday morning, July 
4th, a sketch of their several societies, and we beg your co-operation 
in this matter, and that you will furnish the committee with a copy of 
your discourse or a report of same for use in making the Memorial 
Volume. 

Very truly yours, 

Wm. M. Marks, 
Ansel G. Dewey, 
Geo C. Burgess, 
May 20, 1886. Committee on Sunday Services. 

And replies in the following form were received, 
viz.: 

Portland, May — , 1886. 
Gentlemen : 

Your invitation is received and accepted. I will furnish you with 
a copy of my discourse or a report of the same for use in the pro- 
posed memorial volume. 

Very truly yours, 



John T. Hull, Clerk of Centennial Committee. 



56 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

On Sunday, July 4th, the weather was very fine, and 
the attendance at all the churches in the forenoon was 
large. .\ great many of the former residents of Port- 
land had arrived in the city during the few days 
previous, and joined in the crowds who were present at 
the various places of worship. 

In all the churches, at their centennial services, at the 
suggestion of the late Mrs. Clara Barnes Martin, 1 the 
following hymn was sung: 

Tim St. M \k riN's. 

I. 

•■ Let children hear the mighty deeds 
Which God performed of old; 
Which in our younger years we saw, 
And which our fathers told. 

II. 

He bids us make his glories known, 

His works of power and grace; 
And we'll convey his wonders down. 

Through every rising race. 

III. 
Our lips shall tell them to our sons. 

And they again to theirs : 
That generations yet unborn, 

May leach them to their heirs. 

IV. 

Thus shall they learn, in God alone 

Their hope securely stands; 
That they may never forget his works. 
But practice his commands." 
1 Set Appendix. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 57 

Abatracta of the Sermons Which Were Delivered. 



FIRST PARISH CHURCH, UNITARIAN. 1 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. THOMAS HILL, D. D. 

Proverbs, xvii, 6. — Children's children are the crown of old men: and the glorv 
of the children are the fathers. 

The word glory in this passage, as in many others in the Bible, 
meant (the preacher said), boasting. Numerous and virtuous de- 
scendants are a crown to the old man ; and noble ancestry is the boast 
and pride of the children. And the children had a right to a certain 
amount of pride in their ancestry. For the child in general inherited 
good qualities from his fathers. There were notable exceptions, 
but the general rule was, like father, like son ; so that each had a 
right to be reasonably proud of the other. The orators of the 
historical anniversaries were right in eulogizing the fathers. 

There was no need of entering into much detail of the First Parish 
in Portland. So much was already easily accessible in print that it 
hardly was worth while to repeat it. The earliest date given by 
William Willis relating to church matters in Falmouth, was a reproof 
of the town for not holding Sunday meeting. This came from a 
court held in York, 1659. Soon after this Robert Jordan, an 
Episcopalian minister, was found laboring here,- and was faithful for 
36 years. The general Court of Massachusetts, had, however, no 
great respect for men of that kind, — they ordered the town in 1669 to 
get a congregational minister. George Burroughs, who was after- 
wards executed as a witch, in the terrible delusion at Salem, preached 
here between 1674 and 1684, 2 at two different times, but was driven off 
by the Indians. The town was utterly destroyed by them in 1690; 
and indeed from 1674 until 17 13, nearly forty years, there had been 
no year of settled peace. The peace of Utrecht gave a few of the 
settlers courage to return and seek their old homes. Even then, 
however, the General Court thought the town not worth saving, and 
actually destroyed the fort, three years after the peace, viz., in 1716. 

1 Note by Editor — The order in which these sermons arc printed i- in a< cordance 
with the age in this city of the denomination represented. 

1 Note by Editor — A document in the Mass. Archives shows that he was inn up 
to i68q. 



60 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Baltimore with Mr. Joseph Barbour to the ordination of Jared Sparks. 
This was the famous ordination at which I )r. ( !hanning firsl formulated 
Qnitarianism, setting out its five points, as it were, in contrasl to the 
five points of Calvinism. Dr. Nichols had been in such complete 
sympathy with Dr. Channingthal he had been consulted in reference 
in thai \ erj sermon. 

Dr. Nichols continued the sole pastor until January, [855, when 
Mr. Horatio Stebbins was installed pastor, and remained here nine 
years, when he accepted a call to San Francisco, and 1>\ his removal 
thither in April, 1864 — where he is still holding an honored position 

had created the first break or vacancy in the pastorial office. 
This lasted three years and a half, and was tilled by the Rev. 
Benjamin II. Bailey. He was installed in December, [867, and 
resigned his position in the autumn of 1872. In March, 1873, Rev. 
Thomas Hill was called, installed in May, 1873, and still retains 
the oiin e. 

It was wonderful to see how peaceful the parish records appear 

during the last ninet) -eight years, since the formation of the second 

Congregational church. There had been great events in the 

political world, and fearful commercial and financial disasters, — the 

oi [812, the revulsion of 1837, the great civil war. the great fire, 

the destruction of the old house of 1740, and the building of this solid 

granite house, — but the parish records showed no serious shaking ol 

the foundations, such as appear in the earlier times. The church had 

been organized one hundred and fifty-nine years; the parish had 

been the First Parish one hundred and fifty-two years. Great changes 

had taken place within the parish which it would be interesting and 

profitable to study were there time to do so. The parish was .it 

first teiritorial, taxing all polls and estates within its limits, and 

ed by the whole power of Great Britain to collect its taxes. 

Then it abdicated, by permission of the General ( !ourt, its right to u\ 

11 polls and estates, first of Episcopalians and Quakers, then of 

ttionalists. Next, by similar permission, it gave up 

the right to tax polls and estates, having previously obtained power 

pews. All this while the call for the meetings was addressed 

to tin- lice holders and other inhabitants. Finally the parish became, 

1 us legal ami corporate power is concerned, the owner of the 

pews. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 61 

Similar changes have taken place in the church. At the very 
beginning, in 1727, this church had taken a step not quite in accordance 
with the strictest standards. According to the straightest views, 
the candidate for admission to a Congregational church should be 
carefully examined in relation to his theological views, and in relation 
to his evidence that the grace of God had selected him and sealed 
him as one of the elect. But in July, 1727, this church stated that 
such examination should be dispensed with, unless peculiar occasions 
seemed to require it. The church was in the eighteenth century the 
more important organization ; the parish was auxiliary to it. The 
church selected and called the minister; the parish concurred. But in 
the nineteenth century this was first reversed; the parish selected and 
called the minister, and the church concurred; and then afterward the 
voice of the church was neglected altogether. This change arose 
partly from a natural revulsion from the artificial idea of the church, 
held by the fathers, and a return to the New Testament idea of the 
church, as the congregation of the faithful. But great practical evils 
had occasionally arisen from it, because the idea of the parish had 
also changed ; it no longer included the congregation. In one church in 
Massachusetts a few men had quietly bought up pews enough to dismiss 
a pastor, who was acceptable to, and beloved by, a majority of those 
who hired sittings in the house, and nearly all the church. In another, 
during a vacancy, a plan was discovered, just in time to defeat it, of 
secretly buying pews enough to settle a minister who would have 
been exceedingly offensive to a majority of the old owners, and 
old congregation. 

These great changes in the nature of the church and parish were 
accompanied by other changes in theology, religion and morals. 
They were not altogether under the control of man. They doubtless 
contributed, on the whole, under Divine Providence, to the furtherance 
of the kingdom of God. But these beneficent changes were destruc- 
tive to the indolent and unbelieving. Inaction, and the choice of 
innutritious food, might lead to ill health, torpor and death, even in a 
land of plenty, and of healthful climate. The parish and the church 
might swing about and change with the changing times, but could 
not flourish, except by clinging to the essential truths and essential 
modes of action belonging to a Christain church. 






60 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Baltimore with Mr. Joseph Barbour to the ordination of J ared Sparks. 
This was the famous ordination at which Dr. ( !hanning first formulated 
Unitarian ism, setting out its five points, as it were, in contrast to the 
five points of Calvinism. Dr. Nichols had been in such complete 
sympathy with Dr. Channingthal he had been consulted in reference 
to that \ ery sermon. 

Dr. Nichols continued the sole pastor until January. [855, when 
Mr. Horatio Stebbins was installed pastor, and remained here nine 
ye irs, when he accepted a call to San Francisco, and by his removal 
thither in April. 1S64 — where he is still holding an honored position 

had created the first break or vacancy in the pastorial office. 
This lasted three years and a half, and was tilled by the Rev. 
Benjamin H. Bailey. He was installed in December. [867, and 
resigned his position in the autumn of 1872. In March, 1873, Rev. 
Thomas Hill was called, installed in May. 1873, and still retains 
the office. 

It was wonderful to see how peaceful the parish records appear 
during the last ninet\-eight years, since the formation of the second 
Congregational church. There had been great events in the 
political world, and fearful commercial and financial disasters, — the 
wai of 1812, the revulsion of 1837, the great civil war, the great fire, 
the destruction 0! the old house of 1740, and the building of this solid 
granite house, — but the parish records showed no serious shaking of 
the foundations, such as appear in the earlier times. The church had 
been organized one hundred and fifty-nine years; the parish had 
been the First Parish one hundred and fifty-two years. Great changes 
had taken place within the parish which it would be interesting and 
profitable to study were there time to do so. The parish was at 
first territorial, taxing all polls and estates within its limits, and 
ed bj the whole power of Great Britain to collect its taxes. 
1'Ip mi it abdicated, by permission of the General ( '< >urt. its right to t.i\ 
certain polls and estates, fust of Episcopalians and Quakers, then of 
ing I ongregationalists. Next, by similar permission, itgave up 
the right to tax pulls and estates, having previousl) obtained power 
to tax pews. All this while the call for the meetings was addressed 
to the free holders and other inhabitants. Finally the parish became. 
i its legal Mid corporate power is concerned, the owner of the 
pe ws. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 61 

Similar changes have taken place in the church. At the very 
beginning, in 1727, this church had taken a step not quite in accordance 
with the strictest standards. According to the straightest views, 
the candidate for admission to a Congregational church should be 
carefully examined in relation to his theological views, and in relation 
to his evidence that the grace of God had selected him and sealed 
him as one of the elect. But in July, 1727, this church stated that 
such examination should be dispensed with, unless peculiar occasions 
seemed to require it. The church was in the eighteenth century the 
more important organization ; the parish was auxiliary to it. The 
church selected and called the minister; the parish concurred. But in 
the nineteenth century this was first reversed; the parish selected and 
called the minister, and the church concurred; and then afterward the 
voice of the church was neglected altogether. This change arose 
partly from a natural revulsion from the artificial idea of the church, 
held by the fathers, and a return to the New Testament idea of the 
church, as the congregation of the faithful. But great practical evils 
had occasionally arisen from it, because the idea of the parish had 
also changed ; it no longer included the congregation. In one church in 
Massachusetts a few men had quietly bought up pews enough to dismiss 
a pastor, who was acceptable to, and beloved by, a majority of those 
who hired sittings in the house, and nearly all the church. In another, 
during a vacancy, a plan was discovered, just in time to defeat it, of 
secretly buying pews enough to settle a minister who would have 
been exceedingly offensive to a majority of the old owners, and 
old congregation. 

These great changes in the nature of the church and parish were 
accompanied by other changes in theology, religion and morals. 
They were not altogether under the control of man. They doubtless 
contributed, on the whole, under Divine Providence, to the furtherance 
of the kingdom of God. But these beneficent changes were destruc- 
tive to the indolent and unbelieving. Inaction, and the choice of 
innutritious food, might lead to ill health, torpor and death, even in a 
land of plenty, and of healthful climate. The parish and the church 
might swing about and change with the changing times, but could 
not flourish, except by clinging to the essential truths and essential 
modes of action belonging to a Christain church. 



62 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

PREBLE CHAPEL, UNITARIAN. 

BY THE REV. WILLIAM I. I'HLI.AN. 

It will be thirty-nine years October next, since the inception of the 
movement that resulted in the formation of this ministry of benovelence 
which to-day has its center at Preble Chapel. 

In 1847, at the suggestion and under the direction of Dr. Nichols, 
steps were taken for the establishment and support in this city of a 
ministry at large by the two Unitarian societies. His efforts were 
earnestly supported by the ladies of the Channing Circle, and by the 
benevolent gentlemen in his own and Park St. societies. And in April. 
1849, they were prepared to employ a missionary and invited Rev. 
W. H. Hadley, who accepted the office, and at once entered upon his 
work. 

In April he opened a Sunday-school in the ward room of the Ex- 
change building, and within six months the school attained an average 
of one hundred and fifty scholars each Sunday. Mr. Hadley also 
opened an evening school in the same place in the fall of 1849, which 
was largely attended, which was continued for several seasons, and 
was probably the first of the kind in the city. These schools were 
both subsequently transferred to the ward room of Old City Hall. 

In August, 1850 an act of incorporation was secured from the 
Legislature of Maine. By this charter the property and management 
of this institution was vested in a board of seven trustees, under the 
name of the Portland Ministry at Large. The first board of trustees 
were Dr. Nichols, Rufus P. Cutler, Thomas Chadwick, William Willis. 
Nathaniel F. Deering, Jedediah Jewett and Martin Gore. The 
trustees at once saw the necessity of better accommodations for this 
ministry than a ward-room, and undertook the task of providing for 
it .1 permanent resting place, and one month after the act of incorpora- 
tion, Madam Preble, whose generous heart always heat responsive 
to the calls of benovelence, executed a deed September, 1850, of a 
lot on the corner of Preble and Cumberland streets, contaning 6,000 
square feet. In the spring of 1S51 the trustees began the en 
of a chapel upon this lot, which was completed under the supervision 
of James Kirby and dedicated October 29. 1851, under the name of 
Treble Chapel, in honor of its most liberal benefactor. It was 
dedicated free from debt and was a fine monument of the energy and 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 63 

zeal of the trustees of the Christian benovelence of the friends of 
this ministry. 

The aim of this institution, as stated by those who laid its 
foundations, was to advance the cause of religion, charity and good 
morals. 

And to this end, religious worship, Sunday-school instruction and 
material aid to the poor and unfortunate, have always gone hand in 
hand in this ministry. From the very first, the Sunday-school has 
been the most prominent and important feature of the mission. It is 
rather a remarkable fact, that since this Sunday-school found a per- 
manent home in Preble Chapel, thirty-five years ago, its numbers from 
year to year have varied scarcely more than ten — ranging about 
one hundred and fifty. It has been very fortunate in the fine class 
of people who have volunteered in its service. 

Mr. James H. Baker was the first superintendent, and Miss Jane 
McLellan the first librarian. In the list of early teachers, I 
find such names as C. H. Boyd, G. H. Chadwick, E. H. Daveis, 
E. D. Boyd, G. A. Mason, N. Gilman Nichols, F. Seymour Nichols, 
Mrs. Gilman, Mrs. Pierce, Misses Newhall, Fitch, Willis, Baker, 
Titcomb, Preble, Deering, Fox, Ware, Nichols, etc. 

In 1855, A. E. Stevens, who had served the school for four years, 
as teacher, was elected superintendent and held the office for seven- 
teen years. S. T. Pullen was elected superintendent in September, 
1875, and still holds the office. 

During the thirty-nine years of its existence, the Ministry at Large 
has had three ministers in its service. Rev. W. H. Hadley, the first, 
after seven years faithful, energetic service, resigned, and at the 
breaking out of the rebellion, became an army chaplain and died 
since the war in the Massachusetts General Hospital. 

In June, 1857, Rev. O. P. Tuckerman entered the service of this 
ministry and continued his faithful service for eleven and one-half 
years, until his death. 

In January, 1869, W. T. Phelan entered the service of the Ministry 
at Large, and still retains the pastoral office. 

The present board of trustees is Dr. Hill, C. E. Jose, I. P. 
Farrington, M. P. Emery, Samuel Rolfe, and Rufus Cushman, under 
whose efficient supervision the financial affairs of this institution are 
promptly and ably managed. The ladies of the Unitarian Circle, 



64 . CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

the worthy successors of the Charming Circle, have the present 
direction and management of the benevolent work and raise the 
funds necessary for carrying on the same. The library, which has a 
small fund, is at present under the management of Mrs. Farrington, 
assisted by Mrs. Whipple and Paul Stevens. A sewing-school is 
also maintained through the fall and winter at the chapel. The 
implications of these bold facts are that Preble Chapel, by its many- 
sided, practical, Christian service, lias earned its right to existence, 
and is a perpetual witness to the fact that the good which men do 
lives after them; and a good institution, that continues good and 
serviceable ought to have perpetual lease of life. 



S. LUKE'S PARISH, EPISCOPAL. 

BY C. MORTON SILLS, M. A. 

The history of S. Luke's Parish is but a short one, covering as it 
does a period of little more than thirty years, but in order to record 
it fully a brief reference may well be made to the origin of the 
Church in Maine, whence it sprang. 

Though, no doubt, the prospects of material aggrandizement were 
the chief incentives to the early voyages of settlement on these 
coasts, the uncertainty and danger of the expeditions caused those 
who took part in them to resign themselves more fully to the 
keeping of the Almighty God of Heaven, and gave a certain 
religious tone to their undertakings. In addition to this natural 
religious feeling, the royal patents granted to the discoverers and 
senilis i.i these lands bore reference to the establishment of the 
Church of England. Several of the early expeditions seem, there- 
fore, to have been accompanied by chaplains of the English Church. 
and by them the first Christian services in Maine were said according 
to the ritual of the Church of England. So that the Episcopal 
Church in this part of the country dates back to the very earliest 
settlements. According to the carefully preserved records, the first 
service was held l>y Rev. Richard Seymour, chaplain of the Popham 
Colony in 1607. Mr. Seymour was succeeded by the Rev. William 
Morrell, who was sent over from England to superintend the religious 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 65 

interests of the new colony. After him came the Rev. Richard 
Gibson, a graduate of Cambridge, and the first permanent pioneer of 
the Church in these parts. Mr. Gibson took charge of the Church 
in Saco in the year 1636, and ministered to the various companies of 
settlers from Falmouth to Portsmouth. At this time churches or 
chapels were built at Richmond's Island, Saco and Portsmouth. 
Following him in 1640 came Rev. Robert Jordan, who for thirty-six 
years officiated in the same capacity as missionary along the coast. 
He, like Mr. Gibson, was a faithful upholder of the ways of the 
Church, and for their maintenance of the principles of the Church 
and for their performance of the rites of the Church they were called 
upon to suffer great persecutions, being actually condemned to prison 
for baptizing children and for performing the ceremony of holy 
matrimony according to the order of the English Church. The 
records tell us that a complaint was made by the friends of Mr. 
Jordan "that the General Court did imprison and barbarously use 
Mr. Jordan for baptizing children." (The font which was used by 
Mr. Jordan is still in existence, and is preserved in the cabinet of the 
Maine Historical Society at Portland.) 

For eighty years after Mr. Jordan's ministry, the services of the 
Church were suspended, owing partly to the opposition of the Puritan 
rulers of Massachusetts, and partly to the continual Indian wars by 
which the town was at last almost destroyed. In 1756 and 1760, we 
read of missionaries of the English Society for Propagating the 
Gospel sent out, and of their work in different parts of Maine. In 
1764 the number of Episcopalians and of others who were dissatisfied 
with the ministration in the First Parish in Portland was sufficient to 
justify them in organizing a parish, to be called S. Paul's Church, 
and in inviting the Rev. John Wiswall, a Congregational minister 
who had lately declared in favor of the Church of England, to 
become their minister. 

The records of the meeting when the permanent foundations of the 
Church in this city were laid are full of interest. The names of the 
forty-one subscribers to the church building, which it was proposed, 
to erect, include some of those who are well known in Portland 
to-day, and whose wealth and social influence at that time also must 
have augured success for the new undertaking. The subscription 
paper, dated Falmouth, July 23, 1764, shows subscriptions of over 
5 



66 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

^"500, "for the building of a house wherein the worship 
should be carried on agreeable to the laws of Great Britain." On 
September 4th in the same year, the parish of S. Paul's was duly 
organized, and the wardens, James Hope and George Tate, laid the 
corner-stone of the little church, which was built at the west corner of 
Middle and Church streets, and was fifty-three feet long by twenty- 
nine wide, had three isles and as many doors, and sixty pews. 
There being no bishop in America at that time, Mr. Wiswall went to 
England for ordination, and while there made favorable arrangements 
with the Society for Propagating the Gospel for an annual grant of 
money and books to the new parish. 

At first, owing to the then existing laws, the parishioners found 
themselves obliged to pay for the support of the worship in the old 
First Parish, so that their pecuniary burdens were by no means light. 

The church was opened June 6th, 1765, and the first year's report 
speaks of seventy families, of the baptism of one adult and twenty- 
seven infants, of whom two were blacks, slaves, and of twenty-one 
admitted to the Holy Communion. 

Mr. Wiswall seems to have been in charge of the parish for nearly 
ten years, till the time of the rupture with the mother country, when, 
from on board the British man-of-war, commanded by Capt. Mowatt, 
where as a staunch loyalist he had taken refuge, he resigned his 
charge. Services were after this held by Edward Oxnard, a layman, 
and by Rev. Mr. Bailey, of S. John's church, Pownalborough 
(now Dresden). 

The eight years of the war hushed the voice of the Church in 
Falmouth, but in 1783 the parish of S. Paul's reorganized and in 
1787 a new church was built and opened for worship, the first sermon 
being preached therein by Rev. Nathaniel Fisher, of Salem. From 
this date to 1803, the Church for various reasons becoming 
impoverished, services were maintained with more or less regularity 
by different clergymen and lay readers, Rev. Joseph Warren being 
rector for three years, from 1796 to 1799, and the Rev. James Bowers, 
of S. Ann's, Pittston, performing occasional duty to the year 1S03. 
In this year, Mr. Timothy Milliard, a graduate of Harvard, was 
appointed rector, and worked so successfully that the parish soon 
found the little wooden church too cramped for it, and decided to 
•erect a more suitable building of brick. Church and land cost 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 67 

$14,000. The old building was bought by Mr. Enoch Ilsley, who 
presented it to the Methodists. The new church is fully described by 
Mr. Goold (Portland in the Past). The plainness of the exterior was 
compensated for, we are told, by the beauty of the interior, which 
was richly ornamented with wood carving. The latter years of Mr. 
Hilliard's ministry were marked by little of that success which had 
been promised by his earlier efforts. A sad melancholy possessed 
him, under the influence of which his interest in the Church ceased, 
and the Church itself declined. 

After Mr. Hilliard's resignation in 1808, the church was virtually 
abandoned, being only occasionally ministered in by visiting clergy- 
men. The acquisition to the parish of one or two staunch Church- 
men, notably Simon Greenleaf, aroused it to new life, and in 18 19, 
the Rev. Petrus S. TenBroeck was instituted rector of S. Paul's, 
being the first clergyman regularly instituted in that office. 

Mr. TenBroeck's connection with the parish was dissolved in 1831, 
after a successful rectorship of eleven years. His successors were Rev. 
Dr. Chapman, Rev. Alexander H. Vinton, Rev. Thomas M. Clark, 
now bishop of Rhode Island, and Rev. John W. French, the last of 
whom remained in the rectorship for three years, when the parish, 
becoming inextricably involved in pecuniary difficulties, sought 
relief from its liabilities, in the dissolution of its former organization 
and in the reorganization under the new name of S. Stephen's parish. 
Though scarcely a"plan to be frequently adopted, this arrangement 
seems to have met with success. In 1839, S. Stephen's parish was 
incorporated and received a conveyance of all the property of old 
S. Paul's, minus, we suppose, a considerable portion of its old debts. 
The new parish elected as its rector the Rev. James Pratt, who, on 
Jan. 15th, 1840, was instituted rector, and who after a long rectorship 
of eighteen years, during which the parish had been abundantly 
successful, resigned to take charge of a church in Philadelphia. 

We have to think of the effect of the revolution and of the 
prejudice and persecution and opposition from which the Episcopal 
Church suffered at the hands of Puritan settlers of Massachusetts 
before we can realize the cause for the slow growth of the Church in 
Portland, and for the fact that for nearly a century there was but one 
Episcopal Church in a town, the early religious associations of whose 
first settlers were connected with the Church of England. It was 



68 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

not till 185 1, but thirty-five years ago, that the first movement was 
made towards the organization of a second parish of our communion 
in Portland. On the 19th of April of that year thirteen gentlemen, 
five of whom now survive, met at Rechabite Hall, where the city 
building now stands, for the purpose of forming a parish for religious 
worship according to the doctrines, usages and canons of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States, and of the 
Diocese of Maine. 

II" names of these gentlemen were as follows: James T. McCobb, 
Henry W. Hersey, John Merrill, Reuben Ordway, Josiah S. Little, 
Edward P. Gerrish, Charles B. Merrill, Edward E. Upham, John T. 
Smith, Ezra C. Andrews, N. Putnam Richardson, Frederick Davis, 
J. Ambrose Merrill. 

At this meeting, after prayer by Rev. J. Pratt, rector of S. 
Stephen's, the parish of S. Luke's was organized, with John Merrill 
and N. Putnam Richardson as wardens, with Henry W. Hersey 
clerk, and Edward E. Upham, James T. McCobb and Josiah S. 
Little as vestrymen and assessors, and Reuben Ordway as treasurer. 
The wardens and vestry were authorized to hire Union Hall for one 
year, and to furnish the same for the use of the parish for public 
worship. 

They were also instructed to request Bishop Southgate, who had 
been missionary bishop to Constantinople, to officiate as rector for 
the time being; a position which the Bishop accepted and held for a 
. till May 1, 1852. 

In May, 1854, the lot where S. Stephen's church now stands was 
purchased. During the vacancy of the rectorship, after Bishop 
Southgate's resignation, Rev. D. R. Goodwin officiated from May 1, 
1852, to May 10th, 1853, when the Rev. Benj. H. Paddock, now 
Bishop of Massachusetts, having been elected rector, entered upon 
his duties. Mr. Paddock, through ill health, was soon forced to 
resign, and it was not until the following year that his successor, 
Rev. Alex. Burgess, was elected. The corner-stone of the church 
iid by bishop Burgess, on Monday, August 7th, 1S54, and on 
Monday, July 10th, 1855, tne building was consecrated. 

In 1866, Portland suffered from the great fire, and S. Stephen's 
church was burned to the ground. The loss of property was 
immense, and although S. Luke's itself was uninjured, its 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 69 

parishioners, in many cases, were deprived of their business and of 
much of their property, and the reports consequently show a reduced 
state of the parish. 

On the 27th of Dec, 1866, the Rev. Alex. Burgess resigned his 
charge, after a faithful and successful rectorship of twelve years. 

At the convention held at Gardiner, October 31st, the vacancy 
in the Bishopric, caused by the resignation of Bishop Burgess, was 
filled by the election of the Rev. Henry Adams Neely, D. d., 
assistant minister of Trinity Church, New York, in charge of 
Trinity Chapel, who was consecrated to the Episcopal office on the 
feast of Conversion of S. Paul, January 25th, 1867, and entered upon 
his duties as rector of S. Luke's parish, on May 1st of that year. 
The parish had meantime been supplied by Rev. Asa Dalton, the 
rector of S. Stephen's, and by Rev. Flavel S. Mines, Deacon, and 
Rev. C. W. Hayes, both of whom had been sent on by the Bishop to 
assist him in his work. 

The name of the last mentioned priest is intimately connected with 
the parish and diocese for the next fourteen years, and it is due to 
the systematic and painstaking methods of all his labors that the 
clerical work of the parish and diocese was brought into such shape 
as to be readily and easily carried on by his successor. 

It was in 1867, Messrs. George E. B. Jackson and Charles B. Merrill 
being the wardens, that S. Luke's parish, having undertaken the 
building of a Cathedral Church, effected the sale of its former 
church to S. Stephen's parish for $17,000, and having purchased the 
"Robinson lot" as it was called, on State street, the corner-stone of 
the new building was laid on August 15th, 1867, by the Bishop of the 
diocese, in the presence of a numerous body of clergy and laity ; the 
musical portion of the service being rendered by members of the 
choir of Trinity Chapel, New York, under the leadership of their 
organist, Dr. Walter. The proposed cost of the Cathedral was 
eighty thousand dollars, an amount that was eventually exceeded 
by some thirty thousand dollars before the building was ready for 
consecration. 

During the interval between the selling of the old church, which 
soon became the Bishop Burgess' Memorial Church, and the opening 
of the Cathedral, the congregation of S. Luke's worshiped first of all 



70 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

in S. Stephen's Church, and then in a chapel offered with great 
kindness and courtesy by the State Street Congregational Society. 

Christmas day, 1868, was notable in the history of the parish, as the 
day when the Cathedral was first opened by the Bishop for the 
celebration of the sacraments and services of the Church. Not that 
the building was then completed, by any means, for the windows were 
only tilled in with cotton cloth, and very much remained to be clone 
to make the church comfortable. The zeal of the congregation 
which assembled in the cathedral that first winter was great, and if 
the bodies of the worshipers frequently shivered with cold, the cold 
did not penetrate to their hearts or affect the fervor of their souls, 
and the discomforts of the first few months were doubtless wonderful 
assistants to the offertory, in causing those who suffered from these 
inconveniences to contribute liberally toward their speedy removal. 

Nine years of earnest work and determined endeavor passed 
before the heavy debt incurred in building the cathedral was ex- 
tinguished. In 1876 a splendid and united effort was made by the 
parish to relieve itself of the burden of the remaining thirty-five 
thousand dollars, and, seconded by liberal gifts from without, its 
success was such that on S. Luke's day, Oct. 18, 1877, the present 
beautiful cathedral was consecrated to the service of Almighty God. 
The Instrument of Donation speaks of the three-fold character of 
the church. It was a parish church for the congregation therein 
worshiping, a cathedral church as the permanent home, official 
residence and place of ordinary ministration of the Bishop of the 
diocese, and a free and open church for all classes and conditions of 
men, in which no pews should ever be leased or sold. Combining 
the cathedral and parochial features, its chapter, duly incorporated, 
reserves to the parishioners a full representation in that body and 
their approval of appointments of clergy ministering in the cathedral 
under the Bishop. 

At the consecration nine Bishops and some sixty priests were 
present to show their sympathy with the diocese, and to show also 
their regard and friendship for him who had conceived and so 
energetically carried out the design of establishing in Maine the first 
cathedral church in New England. 

The clergy connected with the cathedral at different times have 
been the Revs. Charles Wells Hayes, C. H. Chapin, N. Taylor Root, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 71 

canons; Rev. C. M. Pyne, priest; Revs. F. S. Sill, F. C. Neely, C. J. 
Ketchum and M. McLaughlin as deacons. Since the resignation of 
Rev. C. W. Hayes as canon resident, in 1880, the present incumbent 
has held the position, each year adding to his interest in the welfare 
of the parish as well as to his sense of his responsibility in the 
furtherance of the work, and he trusts also to the gratitude he feels 
for the many tokens of love and sympathy which he has so con- 
tinually received from the Bishop, and from you, my dear brethren, 
and by which he has been so much encouraged ever since his coming 
to this parish, six years ago. 

The church is now surrounded by many important organizations 
for all sorts of parish and missionary work, and reports this year 
some four hundred and sixty communicants, and offerings of about 
seven thousand five hundred dollars. 



ST. STEPHEN'S, EPISCOPAL. 

BY THE RECTOR, REV. ASA DALTON, D. D. 

2d Thessalonians, ii. 15: Stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have been 
taught. 

Let us now notice the points most pertinent to this occasion, on 
which we are requested by the City Government to give an account 
of, the origin and history of this ancient parish, the second in order 
of time founded within the present city limits. 

The second point is, that with the growth of towns, the differences 
which had been kept in the background began to appear in efforts to 
introduce the liturgic service of the English Church. Salem, Old 
Newbury, Portsmouth and Portland are all examples of this kind. 
Parson Smith had been pastor of the First Parish twenty-five years 
when he began to record the symptons of unrest which resulted in 
the formation of this parish, which was then called S. Paul. Parson 
Wiswall, its first minister, had been pastor of the Second church in 
that part of Falmouth called New Casco. He went to England to 
obtain Episcopal ordination, and, returning, was rector for ten years. 
In 1775 he resigned and retired to Nova Scotia, where a new parish 
was formed for him, with which he remained till his death. 1 

1 See note on p. 75. 



72 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

The first church edifice erected by this parish was begun in 1764, 
and set apart for worship in June, 1765. The names of the con- 
tributors, with the amount they contributed, are all set down in the 
parish register ; so are the names of the families and individuals who 
worshiped in the church the first year. The number was fifty-seven, 
increased to sixty-seven the second year, and in ten years to about 
one hundred. 

The church stood at the corner of Middle and Church streets, was 
nearly square and built of wood. The first wardens were James 
Hope and George Tate. Henry Wallis was the first clerk, who led 
the responses, his seat being below the reading desk. The vestry- 
men were Mr. Thomas Child, Benjamin Wake, Esq., Mr. John 
Waite, Mr. Stephen Waite, Mr. Wheeler Riggs, Mr. Edward Mount- 
ford, Mr. David Wyer, Mr. Daniel Ilsley, Mr. Jonathan Craft, Mr. 
Robert McLellan and Dr. Edward Watts. Nearly all the members 
of the church had belonged to Parson Smith's congregation, and 
nothing was farther from their thoughts or temper than an entire 
separation from the old church with which they had been connected, 
and in which many of them had been born and baptized. 

As to its history in other respects that has been marked by vicis- 
situdes beyond its control. It was prosperous and relatively strong 
before the Revolution. During the course of that war it was greatly 
weakened by divisions among its members, who took opposite sides 
in the war, and by the desertion of its rector. The church building 
was burned by Mowatt when he ordered the bombardment of the 
town. It was, however, rebuilt on the same site soon after the close 
of the war. The list of subscribers to the new building is more 
numerous than could have been anticipated, and if a suitable rector 
could have been secured the revival of the parish would have 
followed in a few years. This want, though urgent, was not supplied 
till Mr. Timothy Hilliard, who, like Parson Wiswall, was a graduate 
of Harvard, was called to serve as rector by the congregation, which 
for some time he had served as a lay reader. Meanwhile a new brick 
church was erected on Pearl street, not far from the old site. This 
church was plain without, but beautiful within, being similar to King's 
chapel, Boston, St. Paul's, Newburyport, St. John's, Portsmouth, St. 
Paul's, New York, and other colonial churches of the Sir Christopher 
Wren style. It was remodelled, but not improved, only enlarged on 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 73 

an inferior plan in 1856. Ten years later it was wholly destroyed in 
the great fire of 1866. 

Mr. Hilliard was succeeded by Rev. Petrus S. TenBroeck, whose 
ministry was longer by several years than that of his predecessor. 
Mr. TenBroeck was much beloved by his people and highly 
respected in the community. The records of the parish as kept by 
him indicate unusual fidelity, and his letter of resignation is a model, 
combining charity with dignity and due regard to the feelings of his 
parishioners. 

Several clergymen officiated before Mr. TenBroeck, and more 
after him, who can scarcely be called rectors of the parish. Their 
stay was short, and, indeed, for the most part they came only to 
accommodate the parish for a few weeks or months, and in other 
instances, after surveying the field, feared to attempt its cultivation. 
Of rectors proper, however, we must mention Rev. Mr. French, who 
was here from 1836 to 1839, when he resigned to accept the position 
of chaplain at West Point, of which post he performed the duties 
faithfully and acceptably for many years. Among those here for 
briefer periods were Drs. Alex. H. Vinton and Thomas M. Clark. 

In January, 1840, Dr., then Rev. James Pratt, accepted a call to the 
rectorship, which he held for nearly nineteen years, the longest up to 
that time. Dr. Pratt was a man of fine social qualities, and made many 
friends, who never deserted him. He was active in the temperance 
and other good causes, ever ready to respond to the numerous calls 
upon his time and strength. During his ministry the parish 
prospered beyond all former years, and towards the close of it a new 
parish was formed, which took the name of S. Luke's, and became 
an efficient and prosperous parish almost from the first. Dr. Pratt 
resigned in 1858, and was succeeded by Rev. Roger S. Howard, who 
remained two years and a half, and was followed by Rev. William S. 
Perry, now the popular and erudite Bishop of Iowa. 

The present rector succeeded Bishop Perry in 1863. Of him I 
will only say that he came to you with an intention to serve the 
parish to the best of his ability, and to remain as long as the parish 
would sustain him, which has been to this day, now nearly twenty- 
three years. 

The fire of 1866 was a great calamity, but many kind friends ex- 
tended a helping hand, among whom Mrs. Sarah K. S afford, a former 



74 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

communicant of the parish, stands first, and will be ever held in 
grateful remembrance. Soon after the fire about one-third of our 
number united in forming a new parish, giving it the name of S. 
Paul's, reviving the old name of this parish. 



S. PAUL'S CHURCH, EPISCOPAL. 

BY THE RECTOR, REV. ARTHUR W. LITTLE. 

Mr. Little took for his text I Sam. VII., 12; "Hitherto hath the Lord 
helped us." 

After a brief allusion to the Centennial of our beautiful city, and 
the noth anniversary of our country's birth, Mr. Little said that, as 
the parish of S. Paul's was the successor of the old S Paul's, a brief 
sketch of the early history of the church in Maine was necessary. 

New England was mostly settled by the Puritans, who were 
Dissenters from the old mother church; but the first settlers of Maine 
were Churchmen. First religious services in Maine were held by a 
priest of the English Church in 1605, at which time George Weymouth 
set up crosses at various places, in token of the Catholic faith of the 
English Church. The only ministers known in Maine till 1648, were 
Anglican priests, especially Gibson and Jordan. The Puritan 
colony of Massachusetts got possession of Maine soon after this, 
and the feeble church was stamped out. George Burroughs was the 
firsl dissenting minister in Portland (1676), a sincere man, shamefully 
put to death for witchcraft in 1692. "Father" Smith was the first 
settled Puritan pastor, 1727 to 1795. Puritanism was now supreme, 
until 176}, when forty-one persons organized as a Church parish. 
At the same time Mr. John Wiswall, a Harvard graduate, pastor of 
the Puritan society, of New Casco, was providentially converted 
to the Church, and chosen rector as soon as he should obtain 
lawful ordination. "There is a sad uproar about Wiswall, who has 
declared for the Church, and accepted the call our Churchmen have 
given him.'' — {Smith's Journal, p. 200, July 31, 1764). Then followed 
the long, perilous voyage to England, where Mr. Wiswall received 
Holy Orders at the hands of the Bishop of London. Returning in 
five months, as a priest of the Church, he found that his devoted 






CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 75 

little flock had built a substantial church, which was soon dedicated 
in loving memory of S. Paul. This was the mother church of 
Portland. Within a year it had seventy families — many of the 
leading families of the town. The Church was most prosperous till 
the Revolution. 

The Rev. Mr. Wiswall at his ordination had been required to take 
an oath of allegiance to the King, and so when the war broke out was 
a Tory, and was obliged to flee to England. 1 Mr. Little has in his 
possession a part of Mr. Wiswall's library, which he left with one of 
his parishioners the night before he sailed for England, May, 13, 1775. 
The same year Portland was bombarded by the British, and old 
S. Paul's was burned and the church people scattered; but in 1785 
the feeble flock resolved to build, the few churchmen left subscribing 
ten pounds apiece. If the churchmen here now, had half the zeal 
and devotion of those men, there would be no church debts. The 
new church was consecrated July 15, 1787, being a two-story wooden 
building on Middle street. It was used till 18 13, when an elegant 
church of brick was built on School street. When the Rev. Dr. 
TenBroeck assumed the rectorship in 1819, there were but twelve 
communicants of the church in Portland ! Now in the three parishes 
of the city there are nearly 1,000 communicants — a growth ten times as 
rapid as that of the population. 

In 1839 the old S. Paul's ceased to exist as a corporation, and the 
parish was reorganized under the title of S. Stephen's. Another parish 
was formed in 185 1, called S. Luke's. S. Stephen's was destroyed in 
the great fire. A majority of the parish, taking all the property, the 
insurance money and some $9,000 collected for rebuilding, moved up 
town and bought the beautiful stone church of S. Luke's, which parish 
had now become the Bishop's church, and was about to build 
the Cathedral of the Diocese. 

The impoverished church population of the East End thus left 
destitute of church privileges, determined to revive the name and 
work of "Old S. Paul's." The parish was organized June 4, 1868. 

'Note by Editor. — Mr. Wiswall went from Falmouth to England, and for three 
years was a chaplain in the British Navy. In 1782 he went to Nova Scotia, where 
he officiated as a missionary, until his death at Wilmot, in 181 2. His son Peleg 
was Judge of the Supreme Court, and died in 1836. Archdeacon Gilpin, of 
Halifax, N. S., is a grandson of the Rev. John Wiswall. See letter from \\\m,post. 



76 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

The corner stone was laid Nov. 5th, bearing the dates 1764 and 1868. 
First service in the picturesque stone church, corner of Congress and 
Locust streets, was on July 23, 1869 

List of Rectors: — Rev. N. W. T. Root, June 4, 1868 to Dec, 
1872; Rev. David Pise, d. d., Dec, 1873 to Apr., 1875; ^- ev - F. S. 
Sill, May, 1876, to May, 1878; Rev. Charles Jno. Ketchum, Apr. 14, 
1879 to Apr. 17, 1881; Rev. Arthur W. Little, June 12, 1881. 
(Still rector.) 

The statistics of S. Paul's from June, 1868 to June, 1886, were: 
Baptisms, 382 ; Marriages, 120; Confirmations, 258; Burials, 190. 

Mr. Little spoke more in detail of the work since his coming here 
five years ago. The number of communicants had increased from 
100 to 260. He had baptized 180 and presented for confirmation, 
134; had delivered 520 sermons and lectures, and over 150 catechisings. 

Parochial Organizations: — The Vestry, Sunday-school, Choir, 
Ladies' Guild, Sister Dora Society, Sons of S. Paul, Woman's 
Auxiliary, Girl's Friendly Society, Altar Committee, Visiting Com- 
mitteee, Ten-minute Workers, S. Luke's Sewing-school and the 
Mothers Meetings — associated with the Cathedral. 

The parish was never more united and prosperous, and with the 
blessing of God has a bright future before it. 



SECOND PARISH, CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. CHAS. H. DANIELS. 

HYMNS — (2041) "Great God! how infinite art thou ! 
What worthless worms are we! " 

(1107) Oh ! where are kings and empires now, 
Of old that went and came ? 

Scripture Psalms 122, 125; Isa, lii. 1-10; 1 Cor. iii. 1-11. 

One hundred years ago the only Congregational church in the 
town of Portland was the First Parish church, now Unitarian, with 
Rev. Thomas Smith as pastor, and Rev. Mr. Deane his colleague. 
Ninety-nine years ago events transpired which created disaffection 
and finally resulted in a secession and the organization of the 
Second Parish Congregational Church. The occasion grew out of 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 77 

inability to support two pastors. The senior pastor, being wealthy 
and unable to perform his duties, it was desired that the salary be 
relinquished. This was declined. The old church was in need of 
repairs ; some proposed a new house. Over these questions the 
crisis came, resulting in the withdrawal of the disaffected in August, 
1787. 

The first meetings for business and conference were held in the 
one-story wooden building known as the Greeley tavern, located at 
the corner of Back (now Congress) and Hampshire streets. Divine 
worship was first held in the old North school-house, then situated on 
the corner of Middle and King (now India) streets, where large 
audiences were gathered under the unusual excitement which circum- 
stances called forth. Great interest prevailed regarding the new 
movement, but it was not until March, 1788, that an act of incor- 
poration was granted. This act required the society to give one- 
fourth of the salary of the senior pastor of the First Parish, Rev. 
Thomas Smith; also to pay arrearages and relinquish their pews. 
On the 30th of September, 1788, eleven male members "embodied 
themselves as a Church of Christ in the said society." John Eagley, 
Joseph Jewett, William Bond, William Jenks, Samuel Gooding, Abner 
Lowell, John Thrasher, John Dole, Joseph H. Ingraham, Stephen 
Tukey ; also Elijah Kellogg, pastor elect. 

At the early meetings at Greeley Tavern steps were taken to secure 
a lot upon which to erect a house of worship, through a committee 
consisting of Messrs. Enoch Ilsley, Thomas Sanford, Abner Lowell 
and Joseph H. Ingraham. The lot on the corner of Middle and 
Deer streets was their choice, and a plan for the house, to be 65 by 
55 feet, was adopted. This house was opened for worship Sept. 28, 
1788, the dedicator}' sermon being preached by Rev. Elijah Kellogg. 
Also the same year the society raised £250 to erect a dwelling-house 
for the minister — a good thing to do. The church was a plain two- 
story building, without spire or ornament. On the front end was a 
flag staff, upon which was hoisted the flag, which, in the days of no 
clocks, was the call to service. Across the way was the S. Paul's 
church, on which was a small bell. It is told concerning the rivalries 
of that day that the S. Paul's sexton one morning called out: "What 
do you hoist that flag for ? " Our sexton, Burns, wittily retorted : 
"To let the people know your bell is ringing." In 1793 a tower was 



78 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

built upon the church, and a bell was imported from England and 
placed in the belfry. The town furnished a clock, which was placed 
above the belfry, and so marked the time for the town. 

The first organ in any church in Portland was placed in this 
church in 1798. We venture that was by many counted as unholy a 
thing, as to others, the introduction of stoves was uncomfortable. 
One Nicholas Blaisdell was employed to play the organ at a salary of 
$25. In 1820 a larger organ was purchased. 

The growth of the society required in 1807 the enlarging of the 
church edifice, which was done by cutting the church in two and 
inserting twenty-two feet, and adding thirty-two new pews. In 1818 
a new and large lecture room was built on Deer street, opposite the 
church, for social religious meetings and for the Sabbath-school. In 
1825 the house was again remodelled at large expense, among other 
reasons to improve its acoustic properties and thereby to relieve Dr. 
Payson. The house was again remodelled, and at greater expense, 
during the ministry of Dr. Condit. New pews, windows and galleries 
were put in; the walls frescoed, and a beautiful pulpit, with furniture, 
provided. To some of you these things are yet in your mind's eye. 

And now this day is to this church an anniversary of more than 
ordinary meaning. On July 4, 1866, twenty years ago to-day, this 
house of God and chapel, hallowed by so many memories and loved 
as the house of fathers and mothers, beloved pastors and Christian 
brethren, was burned in the great fire of that year. It called forth 
the sad cry: "Our holy and beautiful house," where successive 
generations worshiped God, " is burnt up with fire, and all our 
pleasant things are laid waste." The people were scattered; sixty- 
five homes among the people were destroyed, and the insurance lost. 
Nearly all the people were crippled and impoverished. 

At once the people were summoned to meet in conference in State 
street church, opened to receive them, and there renewed their 
courage and resolved "to retain our organization under the name 
and title of the Second Parish Church and Society." It was also 
determined to secure a new site for a church, and as soon as possible 
erect another house of worship. The self-denying toil of the pastor, 
the persistent labors of parish committees and hearty co-operation of 
all the people is written upon all your hearts. On July 4, 1868, 
eighteen years ago to-day, the corner stone of this house was laid 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 79 

with appropriate ceremony. Again, on July 4, 1875, eleven years 
ago to-day, this house was dedicated to God and His service. The 
whole cost of this house was $81,412.52. Struggle, sacrifice, and 
often reproach, was the price ; a heavy debt was the burden. But 
on Sept. 14, 1879, under the direction of Mr. Kimball, the debt 
raiser, this burden was removed, and the Second Parish church was 
free from debt. Thanks be to God for His great goodness. It is true 
that July 4th, in the years 1866, 1868, 1875 and 1886 will be 
remembered. 

The first pastor of the church was Rev. Elijah Kellogg, a native of 
South Hadley, Mass. He was early enured to hardship and toil. He 
worked his way through Dartmouth College, graduating at twenty- 
five. His theological education was with the eminent Rev. Mr. 
Murray of Newburyport, who also recommened him to this church as 
a suitable candidate. He first preached four Sabbaths in the North 
school house to crowded houses. Giving much satisfaction, he was 
invited to remain six months. The intense earnestness of Mr. 
Kellogg as a preacher, his outspoken manner, his searching presenta- 
tion of truth, along with the novelty of the secession, called forth 
large congregations and aroused excitement. For a time it revolu- 
tioned religious affairs in the town, as is shown by the record made 
by Dr. Smith of the First Parish : " Poor Portland is plunging into 
ruinous confusion by the separatists." "One Kellock came here to 
preach to the separatists." 

After the organization of the church and completion of the house 
of worship, on Oct. 1, 1788, Mr. Kellogg was ordained pastor. The 
sermon was preached by Rev. Peter Thatcher, a. m., pastor of a 
church in Boston. Mr. Kellogg continued as pastor 23 years, until 
181 1, when he was dismissed by a council. 

The next pastor Rev. Edward Payson, D. D., began his connection 
with the Church, first as colleague of Mr. Kellogg.. He was ordained 
Dec. 16, 1807. His own father Rev. Seth Payson, of Rindge, N. H., 
preached the sermon from the text in 1st Tim., v. 22. "Lay hands 
suddenly on no man," &c. Time will not permit nor your acquaint- 
ance with this eminent man, allow that I should dwell long upon 
him. He was highly blessed in the Church, the Church was highly 
favored in having him as a minister, ministering during his last years 
in feebleness, he was yet mighty through God. He died, Oct. 22, 



80 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

1827. His funeral sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Jenkins, 
the pastor of the Third church. The burial was in the parish tomb, 
Eastern Cemetery. The body, and the monument originally on the 
tomb, were afterwards removed to Evergreen Cemetery. 

With the death of this good man, the line of eminent pastors was 
not broken. In 1828, the Rev. Bennet Tyler, D. d., then well known 
as president of Dartmouth College, was called to the pastorate, the 
people having neither seen nor heard him. The wisdom of the call 
was abundantly vindicated. Dr. Tyler was installed in September, 

1828. The sermon was preached by Rev. Lyman Beecher, d. d. 
The pastoral office next fell upon the Rev. Joseph Vail, d. d., 

called from Brimfield in 1834; a man of deep piety and "one of the 
best of pastors." The installation was on Oct. 14th, and the sermon 
was preached by the Rev. Prof. Emerson of Andover. During the 
pastorate of Dr. Vail he was very active in its duties, and it is hardly 
to be wondered that ill-health caused his resignation and dismission 
Oct. 15, 1837. 

The people very soon happily united in calling Rev. Jonathan 
B. Condit, then professor in Amherst College, Mass. ; a man of 
pious devotion to his work, of great ability, a finished speaker. 
His installation occurred May 17, 1838, the sermon being preached 
by his brother, Rev. Robert W. Condit. He was dismissed from this 
church, Dec. 9, 1845. 

In the year 1846 the pastorate fell upon one who still survives, and 
is with us in physical weakness, but in moral and spiritual strength, 
Rev. John J. Carruthers, d. d., installed Aug. 19, 1846. He brought 
to this church a wide experience from both continents. 

( >ur next pastor was the Rev. Charles A. Dickinson, called here 
from Andover Seminary in 1879. He was happily fitted to do the 
work then resting upon the church, in harmonizing the forces, 
organizing them for new work after removing the church debt. 
Successful in these ways, at the same time universally beloved by the 
people, he was called to another field, which call he accepted, and 
was dismissed Nov. 28, 1882. 

The present pastorate began in October, 18S3. Such is the story 
of the pastors of the Second Parish Church. 

At the recent conference at Bath one speaker called to sharp 
account the failure of city churches in sending young men into the 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 81 

ministry. We can but name the worthy list of ministers and mis- 
sionaries who have been members of this church or under its 
influence : Isaac Weston, John A. Douglass, Josiah G. Merrill, 
Charles Freeman, John H. Ingraham, Calvin E. Stowe, Cyrus Ham- 
lin, Bishop Horatio Southgate, Robert Southgate, Edward F. Cutter, 
Charles Walker, Joseph Lane, Horatio Ilsley, Rufus W. Emerson, 
Sidney Turner, John E. Tyler, Josiah Tyler, Fred W. Boyd, Fred W. 
Oxnard, John Goddard, William Carruthers, William K. Vail, Henry 
M. Vail, Arthur Shirley, Daniel Greene, N. A. McAulay. These 
were all graduates of our church. Nearly all their families were 
members of our church. All these, with the mothers and daughters 
in Israel, have done a work here not in vain. We enjoy the fruits of 
their toils. 

SISTER CHURCHES. 

The Second Parish has contributed large numbers to form many 
new churches of our faith and order. In 1807, a church was 
attempted as the Third Church. A house was erected in 1808 ; a 
minister settled in 1810, and the church disbanded in 18 12. In 
the same year, and in the same house, the Chapel Church was 
formed, taking thirty-two members. The church was abandoned 
about 1824. This was superseded in 1825, by the Third Parish, to 
which, we gave many members. After the fire in 1866, this church 
disbanded with a record of valuable work for Christ. 

It seems but right that we tarry to speak somewhat of this 
church, our loved and honored child. Its history is written above 
and on many of your hearts. It was not an ordinary formation, 
from divided sentiments, or change in centers of population, but 
from the necessities of an overcrowded house, that the Second Parish 
impressed with needs of Christ's kingdom prayerfully set apart 
thirty-five for this new enterprise; among them, the most influential, 
Deacons Storer and Southgate, Gen. Fessenden, were of the 
number. And while they declare great desire for the old church and 
pastor, they consent to remove and organize the "Third Congre- 
gational Church of Christ." This was effected Sept. 9, 1825. The 
house of worship of the Chapel church was secured for this church 
by certain members of the Second Parish for $5,000, and was deeded 
to the new church so Ions: as the creed was sustained. The Rev. 



82 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Charles Jenkins was installed the first pastor, Nov. 9, 1825, an 
esteemed, pious minister, but extemall) austere and awkward. He 
died suddenly Dee. 29, [831, leaving a prosperous church. 

The next pastor was Mr. W. T. Dwight, son of President. Dwight, 
of Yale College, of good blood, himself a reputable Philadelphia 
lawyer. Being converted, he turned to the gospel ministry, and 
was ordained June 6, 1832. His ministry, known to so many of you, 
was eminently successful. For thirty-two years he was permitted to 
remain and impress his Christian life and leadership upon his people, 
many of whom bear the marks to-day of the godly man. He was 
dismissed, May 1, 1864. and died at Andover. Mass., Oct. 22, 1865, 
aged 7 i years. 

Rev. J. E. Walton supplied the church less than two years. The 
fire of twenty years ago laid waste this Third parish, and it soon 
disbanded. Much of its property, and many of its members were 
transferred to the Plymouth church. During its existance, 770 
members were brought into its communion. We are glad to bear 
this tribute to an esteemed and useful church of Christ. 

\ioi'. by THE Editor. — In the history of the Chapel Society and the Third 
j some important historical tacts have been omitted; and as 
-lor who wrote this sermon is absent, the editor considered that it is im- 
portant that this addition should he m 

In [807, mainly through th< oi Mi. Nathaniel Cross, a new Con 

tional society was organized. Its meetings w . re held in a hall, and its preacher 
was Rev. Jotham Scwall. The meeting-house on 1 of Chapel and Con- 

streets was ( onmii ni ed in that year (Parson 1 >eane says, under date of Sept. 
11, 1807, " N. Cross' meeting-house raising "), and finished in 1S0S. fn that year 
the societj was incorporated as the "Third Congregational Society." Rev. 
Nathan S. Beeman was ordained as pastor. He was dismissed in r8i2, a\-h\ Rev. 
Elijah Kellogg was employed for a season. Thi svas disbanded in 1814. 

The Chapel Congregational Society was organized in [812, and Mr. I-. 
installed as pastor, and thi obtained the use of the meeting-house of the 

Third society. Rev. Thomas M. Murdock was ordained as a . • \\ , 

ind continued till 1821. Mr. Kellogg then became the 
Mi. Whipple preached a short time, and in 1822 Rev. Thomas M. Smith was 
ordained and continued till [824. He was the last regular minister. In 1824 the 
Chapi : 

whom the meeting-hous< was sold. Its first minister was Rev. 
Charles Jenkins) 1 Rev. Thomas M.Smith, ing this 

ime an Episi opalian, and was a pi minary 

at < rambier, < >hio. I fe died at Portland (while on a visit) Sept. 6, 
I was buried in the Richardson tomb in tin 






CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 83 

BETHEL, CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. FRANCIS SOUTHWORTH. 

Rev. Jotham Sewall, long known as the Apostle of Maine, was 
perhaps, the earliest to minister to the men of the sea at this port, 
as early as 1820. In 182 1, Dr. Payson preached his remarkable 
discourse to them. A Bethel church was organized in 1824, but 
became extinct. 

For ten years previous to 1832 we find that Rev. Jotham Sewall, 
William Jenks, afterwards the celebrated Dr. Jenks, compiler of the 
" Comprehensive Commentary on the Bible," and Captain Blake, a 
minister of rare and peculiar gifts, who boarded round among the 
Christian families of the city, were successful preachers to seamen. 

From 1832 to 1835 Rev. Sewall Tenney, since and long the pastor 
of the Congregational church in Ellsworth, occupied the place, — yet 
living. He preached in the Mariners' church, likewise Rev. Chas. M. 
Brown, from 1835 to 1837 in the same building. This building, at 
the corner of Fore and Moulton streets, was erected in 1828, 
bearing on its granite front, and still legible, this inscription : 
"Mariners' Church." It cost $33,000, and went to the mortgagees in 
the great financial crisis of 1837. 

The present church was formed in 1840, with one-half its member- 
ship from the Second Parish. Rev. Dana Cloyes was the first pastor 
till 1843 i tri en Rev. George W. Bourne till 1847 '■> tnen ^ ev - Daniel 
M. Mitchell till 1849. Meanwhile the meetings had been held from 
hall to hall, as room could be obtained. The present Bethel church 
edifice was slowly building from 1848 to 1850. But the church was 
well-nigh dissolved. In 1853, Rev. James R. French became pastor, 
and near the same time Capt. Washington Ryan became a resident 
of the city, and an honored name on Commercial street, which fact 
is mentioned in view of the new vitality that, at that time, seems to 
have come into this church. Mr. French closed his labors in 1855, 
and was succeeded by Rev. S. H. Merrill, who after a ministry of 
eight years, accepted a chaplaincy in the army in 1863. The next 
pastor was Rev. V. J. Hartshorn, for one year, who was succeeded by 
the present incumbent, Rev. F. South worth, in 1865. The Bethel 
church edifice went down in the great fire twenty years ago, and was 
rebuilt, so as to be occupied in seven months thereafter. The Bethel 



< s 1 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

is the child, and dependent of the stronger churches, but in spiritual 
ability it was never, perhaps, more efficient than to-day. Its congre- 
M of transient visitors from the sea, gathered in one assembly 
would be a mighty host. 



ABYSSINIAN, CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. J. G. WILSON. 

Previous to 1800 there were very few, if any, colored people in 
town. In 1769 there were two persons, a man and his wife, owned 
as slaves by Thomas Smith of Gorham. Others were held as slaves 
in Windham. Of these it is said "they went off in the war of 1775." 
In 1S03 a colored man, whose name was George Peters, a resident of 
Portland, was punished in the pillory, which was erected on what was 
called the "Training Field," where a portion of the Eastern Cemetery 
now is. In 1810 but two families of colored people were residents of 
Portland. These mostly resided near Mountfort and Hancock streets, 
or on Munjoy Hill. As a class these are said to have been generally 
esteemed. Among the most prominent men connected with them 
was Rev. Samuel Snowden, a worthy preacher of the Methodist 
denomination. Others were Joseph and Lewis Shepard, Boston 
Jackson, Peter Smith, Jack Williams, Isaiah Ruby, James Ball, and 
others, who are spoken of by those who knew them as being 
respectable, industrious men. 

During the period from 18 13 to 1832 many of the people of color 
were received into the Second Parish church. Seats in the gallery of 
the meeting-house of this parish were reserved especially for this 
people. Greatly to their credit and, doubtless, to their profit, they 
were constant and regular in their attendance. At length twenty-two 
of these members were dismissed to form the Abyssinian church, 
which took place Aug. 7, 1835. ' 

The ecclesiastical council, convened for this purpose at the Abys- 
sinian church, was organized by the choice of Rev. Joseph Vail, 

1 Note by thi Editor. — In 1S2S an Abyssinian Society, composed oi colored 
people, was incorporated, and the meeting-house on Sumner, now Newbury street, 
immenced. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 85 

moderator, and Rev. John W. Chickering, scribe. The churches 
represented were the Second, Third, and High Street, of Portland. 
Rev. Asa Cummings, Sewell Berry and Rev. Mr. Carruthers, 
being present, were invited to sit and deliberate with them. 
At this time, as appears in the minutes of the General Confer- 
ence of the Congregational Churches in Maine, S. W. Chase was 
the stated supply for the pulpit, who continued to 1840. From 1841 
to 1851 Amos N. Freeman was pastor; Benjamin Lynch was installed 
May 23, 1854, dismissed 1856; E. J. Adams, 1856 to 1857 ; Amos G. 
Beman, from 1857 to i860; James F. Brown, from Nov. 16, i860, to 
1861 ; Eben Ruby, from September, 1861, to 1863 ; John B. Haslette, 
1865-6 ; James W. Pennington, for a period subsequent to Dec. 2, 
1866, whose decease occurred at Jacksonville, Fla., Oct. 22, 1870. 
Rev. Samuel Harrison was acting pastor from Aug. 1, 1870, to July, 
1872 ; Rev. W. P. Alward for three months from June 1, 1875. Rev. 
Mr. Carruthers, father of the venerable and beloved Dr. Carruthers 
of this city, pleasantly and affectionately spoken of by this people as 
"Father Carruthers," and a Mr. White, at different periods, have 
supplied this pulpit and labored among this people. From Feb. 15, 
1880, to the present time, the present incumbent, Rev. John G. 
Wilson, has been the acting pastor. 



HIGH STREET, CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. W. H. FENN, D. D. 

December 29, 1830, a number of residents of the westerly part of 
Portland, gathered at the house of Nehemiah Cram, on State street, 
and voted it expedient to build a house of worship in their section of 
the town. January 22, 183 1, land was bought on High street, and 
May 28 of the same year the corner-stone was laid. August 12 a 
joint convention of the Second and Third churches nominated 
twenty-five male members to be set off from the Second church and 
five from the Third church to form the spiritual nucleus of the new 
organization. 

September 9th, at a council in the vestry of the Second church 
sixty-five persons, fifty-seven from the Second church, eight from 



86 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

the Third church, entered into covenant with one another and organ- 
ized the High Street church. Of these church-members only three 
survive. Mrs. Clarissa E. Baker is the only one who is still united 
with us. The meeting-house was dedicated January 18, 1832, sermon 
by Rev. Bennett Tyler, n. d., of Second church. August 8, 1832, Rev. 
George C. Beckwith was installed; sermon by Rev. Justin Edwards, 
d. D.. of Andover, Mass. In December, 1834, his office was resigned, 
and he was dismissed by council. April 2d, 1835, ^ ev - John W. 
Chickering, of Hillside, in Bolton, Mass., was installed; sermon by 
Rev. Nehemiah Adams of Boston. After a favored ministry of thirty 
years' duration he was released from his charge March 29, 1865. 
Rev. William H. Fenn, d. d., present pastor, was installed July 25, 
1866. 

The back of the church was burned February 2, 1869. The 
corner-stone of the new house was laid July 17, 1869. It was 
finished the same year, and was dedicated Dec. 30, 1869 ; sermon by 
Dr. J. M. Manning of the Old South church, Boston. In the autumn. 
1879, tne interior of the church was decorated, under the direction of 
Mr. John LaFarge, of New York City. August, 1880, the vestry and 
the ladies' rooms above it were refitted, decorated and papered. 

The membership of the church to-day is 400, its annual contri- 
butions for various benevolences average $3,500. The moving 
( ause for the existence of our organization was the plethoric health 
of the Second Parish. Besides a growing want had long been making 
itself felt to provide a convenient place of worship for the p 
who lived in the more western part of the city. Thus fifty years and 
more of our church life show marked changes, which are commended 
to your deliberation. 

But we pass in the contemplation of this piece of local church 
history, to consider our relative position to our sister churches, and 
to the kingdom of God. What changes do we note in the half 
century? Great every way. Noticeable upon the surface is the 
decay of dogma as such, the declining vigor and rancor of denomi- 
national belief. Fundamental truth is as dear as ever. But the 
landmarks being fixed, the border lines are not continuously drawn 
out. Fences have gone out of vogue in homestead plots, and 
church-yards. Mete and there, to be sure, is still set a prickly I 
of creed, but it is short lived, for everybody plucks at it, and when 






CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 87 

dead will never be replaced. In architecture, form of worship, and 
in general features of charity work, all the churches have greatly 
assimilated, and they grow more rapidly like each other. Perhaps 
the form of church government is as characteristic as any other one 
thing about them. And yet, for all the assumptions of hierarchy, there 
is not a polity, Methodist, English, or even Roman, which is not 
steadily yielding to the incursions of Christain democracy and 
becoming wonted, however indirectly, to popular control. Nor is 
there a body of the most rooted independency, which is not slowly 
being converted to the culture and refinement of worship of the more 
traditional and aristocratic churches. They all incline to a richer, 
fuller worship. More music, ritual, liturgy, responsive service. 



STATE STREET, CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. FRANK T. BAYLEY. 

We enter today upon the celebration of the one hundredth anniversary 
of our city. The request of the Centennial committee, that historical 
discourses be given in the several churches, is most appropriate ; not 
indeed, because the anniversary of municipal incorporation chances 
to fall upon the Lord's day, but for the better reason, that religion 
and the Church of Christ have been large and important factors in 
the history which we celebrate. 

In responding to this request, I have not attempted an elaborate 
history of this particular church, feeling that a sketch of the 
ecclesiastical history of the town would be more appropriate to the 
occasion, than an exclusive presentation of our own much briefer 
career. I have tried to tell briefly the religious history of the town, 
with especial reference, indeed, to our own genealogy and history. 

It will be remembered that the early township, Falmouth, originally 
contained the present towns of Falmouth, Cape Elizabeth, Portland, 
Deering and Westbrook, together with a number of islands. 

The first white settler in the township arrived at Richmond's 
Island, in 1628, an unprincipled trader. Thus commerce, not 
religion, opened the gates to advancing civilization. But, fortunately 



88 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

for both commerce and civilization, religion speedily entered. As 
early as 1637, an Episcopal minister was settled upon the island; 
while a tradition, deemed by Mr. Willis reliable, reports a church 
established at even an earlier date. 

The first house in Portland proper, then called the Neck, was 
built in 1633. Many of the early settlers here were Episcopalians, 
and the Episcopal was apparently the only form of public worship 
until 1659. 

At that time the jurisdiction of Massachusetts was established in this 
region, and the uncompromising Puritans of that Commonwealth 
undertook a religious as well as a civil supervision. Robert Jordan, 
the Episcopal minister, was frequently censured for the performance 
of baptism and marriage, and in 1660 was summoned to appear 
before the General Court, to answer for his irregular practices, and 
required to desist from the same. At the first session of the court 
the following order was passed : " This court being informed that 
the inhabitants of Falmouth, are at present destitute of any public 
means for their edification on the Lord's day, and by reason of the 
people not meeting together for their mutual furtherance in the ways 
of God, great advantage is given unto the common enemy, these are 
to require all the inhabitants of the said place to meet together on 
the Lord's day for their mutual edification, by reading of God's 
word, and of the labors of known and orthodox divines, singing of 
psalms and praying together, till the favor of God shall give them 
better and more public means for their edification." Two years 
later, an order of the court requires the towns of Saco, Scarboro' and 
Wells, to procure able and orthodox ministers within six months, and 
Falmouth was soon included in a similar order. Obedience was 
doubtless rendered, but there is no intimation of the name of the 
preacher. 

Immigration from Massachusetts soon created a preponderance of 
Puritan population, and the state religion, enforced by law, became 
the predominant religion of the province. Some of the early settlers, 
however, held fast to their first love, and religious difference added 
to the already existing spirit of hostility to the government of 
Massachusetts. 

In 1 7 19 the town voted the support of a minister, and in 1720 the 
building of a meeting-house, but the poverty of the people delayed 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 89 

both projects for several years. Meanwhile, occasional services were 
held by ministers settled further west, and by the army chaplain 
whose quarters were on the Neck. 

July, 1727, witnessed a notable gathering on Munjoy Hill. 
Commissioners from Massachusetts and New Hampshire met, in a 
spacious tent, more than two hundred Indian representatives, for the 
final ratification of a treaty of peace between those states and the 
eastern tribes. Two items of moral and religious interest may be 
noted in connection with this occasion. A contemporary historian, 
himself present, says : " One of the first things the Indians desired of 
our governors was that they would give the order that the vessels 
in the harbor, as well as the taverns ashore, might be restrained from 
selling any liquors to their young men." The governors approved 
of the precaution, and the first prohibitory law was promulgated in 
the State of Maine. When the first day of the conference, which was 
Saturday, was over, the governor said to them : " To-morrow is the 
Lord's day on which we do no business ; " to which the chief replied : 
" To-morrow is our Sabbath, we also keep the day." 

Until 1733 the whole town constituted one parish. By mutual 
consent the Second Parish was then formed, on the south side of 
Fore river ; the parish of Purpooduck, now Cape Elizabeth. 

A Presbyterian is rather a curiosity in Maine today, and the sole 
church of that order, recently established here, seems almost an 
anomaly. But in the middle of the eighteenth century Presbyterians 
abounded in this State, especially in the region between the Kenne- 
bec and the Penobscot, and their churches were numerous. There 
was a strong Presbyterian element in the new parish, and Scotch- 
Irish Presbyterians do not easily turn aside from the faith and 
discipline of John Knox. Considerable sectarian feeling developed 
under these conditions, and the first minister was soon succeeded 
by a Presbyterian. 

Mr. Whitefield journeyed as far east as Yarmouth in 1745, 
preaching in every pulpit in the State on his way. He spent a week 
in Falmouth, and his work awakened here, as it did throughout the 
country, great excitement and much contention as to its real 
character and value. Parson Smith writes: "The opposition to 
him among our leading men was violent, and unwearied pains were 
taken to prejudice the people against him," and at a later date, "the 



90 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

parish is in a buzz about Mr. Whitefield." It may be added, that 
Mr. Whitefield's preaching was apparently followed by no such 
striking results here, as in many places. 

Shortly after the close of the war, the religious services of the 
Church of England were resumed, and the later history of Episco- 
palianism in Portland began. But the tracing of our own genealogy 
being our special purpose, we shall confine ourselves to the history 
of the First Parish, and its ecclesiastical children. That society 
found itself in very difficult circumstances, when its scattered 
members re-assembled. They were in arrears to both their ministers, 
though both had relinquished much of their salary during the war. 
Their meeting-house was injured by war, and dilapidated by neglect. 
Disagreement arose as to repairing it, many preferring to build anew. 
A disaffected portion withdrew in 1787, and formed the Second 
Parish. Population soon came in rapidly, and the growth of the 
town within a few years, was "unexampled in the annals of New 
England up to that time." Both the churches found abundant 
material for their upbuilding, and both prospered, in spite of the 
gloomy prognostications of Parson Smith, who wrote : "Poor Port- 
land is plunging into ruinous confusion by the separation." It may 
be added, that the separation was no result of doctrinal difference. 
The two parishes were in doctrinal accord until the early part of Mr. 
Payson's ministry; their pastors interchanging pulpits from time to 
time. 

The same causes which had led to the formation of High Street 
church, soon made apparent the need of still another church in the 
growing western portion of the city. The first movement towards 
colonization was in December, 1846, when a dozen gentlemen met at 
the house of W. S. Dana, Esq., to discuss the matter. In the 
following year Dr. Chickering called a meeting to hear, as lie expressed 
it, "the reasons which had convinced him of the necessity and duty 
of providing another place of worship in this section of the city," 
and with characteristic zeal, he spent the next day in circulating a 
subscription paper, which he carried to the meeting, bearing pledges 
for 51,500. 

In June, 184S, a report upon the subject was made at the session 
of the Cumberland conference. But owing to a season of financial 
depression, and the special needs of the Third Parish at the time, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 91 

the consummation of the movement was delayed until 185 1, when 
$10,000 were subscribed for the purpose of building. There were 
sixty-nine subscribers, of whom, fifty-three are no longer living. The 
present site was purchased for $6,000, about 45 cents per foot, and 
the building was first occupied for worship, on the first Sabbath in 
June, 1852. At the sale of pews by auction, June 23, 1852, 
twenty-one pews were sold to twenty persons, at a valuation of 
$3,750, with premiums amounting to $129. Of the twenty purchasers, 
but four are now living, and but two are now connected with the 
parish. 

The first meeting preliminary to the organization of the church, 
was held Feb. 20, 1852, in the vestry of the High Street church, 
attended by members of the High Street, Second and Third parishes. 
Judge Shepley, the Moderator, presented a paper, requesting letters 
of dismission from High Street church, which was signed by all the 
members of that church present. A committee was appointed to 
report a covenant, summary of doctrines and rules of government. 
At a second meeting, March 3, the several papers reported by this 
committee were adopted, and committees were apointed to arrange 
for the calling of a council and for the supply of the pulpit. 

The council met March 17th, 1852, and the church was duly 
organized. Of the fifty-eight original members, forty-eight came by 
letter from High Street church, four from the Second Parish, four 
from the Third Parish, and two from churches in Boston. Thirty- 
seven of these original members have passed into the heavens, and 
but five of the survivors are now members of this congregation. At 
the public services in the evening the sermon was preached by the 
Rev. Dr. Dwight, the consecrating prayer offered by the Rev. Dr. 
Carruthers, the right hand of fellowship given by the Rev. Dr. 
Chickering, and the address to the church by the Rev. Mr. Adams 
of Gorham. 

Business meetings of the church were held at Park Street school- 
house, in the singing-gallery of the church, and at private houses, 
until April, 1855, when the new vestry was occupied. During a little 
more than a year, the church continued without a pastor, though 
diligent effort was made to secure one. Nevertheless, there seems to 
have been a thrifty growth through the zeal and fidelity of its 
members. 



92 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

In December, 1852, a call was extended to the Rev. Hugh Smith 
Carpenter, of New York City. His acceptance was followed by his 
installation, April 27th, 1853. His pastorate continued nearly four 
years, marked by devoted labor, and the steady growth of both 
church and congregation. At his resignation in March, 1857. he 
left a broad and stable foundation for future years, a church of 
mature development, though of youthful age. For more than a 
year and a half the church was now without a pastor. But the loving 
care of the Great Shepherd, and the wisdom of Divine Providence 
w r ere shown in due season. A call was extended in December, 1857, 
to Mr. George L. Walker, then a student in Andover Theological 
Seminary. This call was accepted with the understanding that the 
commencement of pastoral labor should be deferred until September, 
1858. Mr. Walker was installed by council October 13th, 1858. The 
sermon was preached by the Rev. C. Walker, d. d., the father of the 
new pastor, the installing prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. 
Carruthers; the charge to the pastor given by the Rev. Mr. Moore; 
the right hand of fellowship by the Rev. Mr. Thwing, and the charge 
to the people by the Rev. Mr. Wheelwright. The pastorate thus 
inaugurated, continued until October, 1867, a period of nine j 
After an interval of three years, a call was given to the Rev. 
Edward Y. Ilincks, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, and he was installed 
by council October 18, 1870. After eleven years of faithful devotion 
to the Master and his people, this longest of the several pastorates 
was closed by the resignation of Mr. Hincks, and his dismission by 
council May 26, 1881. The present pastorate began in March. 1883. 

A few subordinate lines of review will be suggestive of important 
facts in our history. There have been added to the fifty-eight original 
members — by letter, three hundred and fifty-six, and by confession 
of faith, three hundred and seventy. It should be added, however, 
that a considerable number of those received by letter had previously 
been members, and had been dismissed to the churches from which 
they came again to us. It is a pleasant fact that these children of the 
church have sought the old home again. Our present membership is 
four hundred and twenty-three. Of the original members, hut five 
remain with us. Two colonies have gone out from us. In [855 
twenty two members were dismissed to form the Union Church; 
and in 1873 sixteen members became the nucleus of the Williston 
Church. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 93 

This church has also had the privilege of aiding other sister 
churches, both in and beyond the city ; and it has ever been a most 
loyal supporter of the Maine Missionary Society, for which its first 
collection was ordered in by vote of the church in February, 1853. 
The record of church benevolences begins almost with the history of 
the church itself. The scheme of benevolence has been from time 
to time modified, with a view to greater efficiency. The adoption of 
the system of weekly offerings has largely increased the contribu- 
tions. The record of benevolence is not easily made up previous to 
the last eleven years. For the five years ending with 1879, the 
annual average was $2,753. For the five years ending with 1885, the 
annual average was $5,915. These figures include special gifts, as 
well as the Sabbath contributions. 

From an early period of our history, the ladies of the parish have 
been active in humane and benevolent work. The Missionary Circle, 
organized in 186 1, did enthusiastic work for the soldiers, and since 
the war has cared for many needy missionary households, having dis- 
tributed the value of about $2,500 in the last ten years. The 
Williston Circle, now known as the Social Circle, organized in 1870, 
raised for the Williston mission more than $4,000, and its total gifts 
to all objects aggregate $5,658. 

The Sabbath-school was organized in June, 1852, W. S. Dana, Esq. 
being the first superintendent. Its sessions were held in the singing- 
seats and adjoining portions of the galleries of the church, until the 
completion of the chapel in April, 1855; the time of meeting being 
before the morning service. The attendance during the first year 
was about fifty, teachers and scholars. The school has been steadily 
maintained by the faithful labor of many workers. Its records were 
burned in the great fire, but its history is written in heaven. The 
membership during the period covered by existing records has 
been quite uniform, reaching its highest number, three hundred and 
thirty-two, in 1885. 

Benevolent contributions have been made from the beginning, and 
have been widely scattered among good and needy causes. Repeated 
gifts to the Williston mission are recorded, and it is pleasant, in view 
of later events, to read of the appropriation in 187 1 of $100 "to the 
mission school of Mr. D. L. Moody of Chicago, their building having 



94 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

been destroyed in the great fire." Many members of the school 
have become members of the church from time to time. 

Thus we have followed the blended and mostly golden strands 
that make up our history. Time permits but few words of comment. 
There is much, very much, for which to be thankful. God, the God 
of Israel, has been our father's God, and our God. He has been in 
the midst of His people as teacher, leader, deliverer and comforter. 
Confession of sin and shortcoming befits us; for many things have 
been left undone, that ought to have been clone, and some things 
done that ought not to have been done. But where sin has abounded, 
grace has much more abounded. 

And in the presence of these memorials of the Divine goodness 
and fidelity, let us set up this day, our Ebenezer, — "Hitherto hath 
the Lord helped us!" And gathering inspiration of hope and 
courage from the past, let us go forward in the strength of the Lord, 
to advance still farther, by His gracious help, the cause of Christ. 



WEST CONGREGATIONAL. 

P.Y THE PASTOR, REV. S. K. PERKINS. 

Rev. Sidney K. Perkins, of the West Congregational Church, 
preached an appropriate sermon on the origin and history of that 
church. Some twenty-five years ago, during Dr. Chickering's thirty 
years' pastorate of High Street church, a member of his congregation. 
Miss Eliza A. Hanson, dying in Florida, bequeathed 53,000 in trust to 
her pastor for the erection of a house of worship in the west part of 
the city, especially for the accommodation of a mission Sunday-school, 
in which she had been a devoted teacher. Of this sum $2,000 was 
to be invested as a fund for expenses, leaving 5 1,000 for the land 
and building. To this was added, through Dr. Chickering's efforts, 
in money and materials, $4,000 more for the erection and furnishing 
of the beautiful brick house of worship near Congress street rai 
station. A Congregational church was soon organized, which has 
increased to some two hundred members, and is now in a highly 
prosperous condition. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 95 

Rev. Dr. Chickering was then introduced, and made some interest- 
ing statements in regard to the enterprise of which he had so unex- 
pectedly been called to take charge of, the material and spiritual 
success of which was so gratifying. 



ST. LAWRENCE STREET, CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. ABIEL HOLMES WRIGHT. 

" This shall be written for the generation to come ; and a people which shall be 
created shall praise the Lord." — Ps. cii. 18. (R. V.) 

It is the duty of the present generation to preserve and to transmit 
to posterity the history of its times and institutions. In compliance 
with the request of our City Government, I present to you this morn- 
ing a discourse embodying the history of the rise and progress of 
this St. Lawrence Street church, a report of which is to be included 
in the memorial volume of Portland's Centennial Anniversary. This 
request is virtually a recognition of this church as an important 
institution of the city, to the welfare of which it has sustained a vital 
relationship. 

Among the religious organizations, the St. Lawrence Street Con- 
gregational Church has existed twenty-eight years. Its history has 
been written, not for your ears only, but " for the generation to 
come," and for a people which shall be created to stand in your 
places, and, as we hope, to praise the Lord in a nobler house than 
this when another century has passed away and we are all in our 
graves. 

i. We will speak of the origin of this church. Providence decreed 
that its origin should be independent, and that its infant life should 
be without the fostering care of any maternal church. In 1857 Ward 
One contained more than three thousand inhabitants, and a popula- 
tion of at least two thousand crowned the beautiful eminence of 
Munjoy Hill, with but one church in its midst, the Congress Street 
Methodist. Amid this flourishing community there was ample room 
for another church to live and grow. Many of the families residing 
here worshiped in Congregational churches in other parts of the city ; 
some who were Congregationalists by preference had sought com. 



96 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

munion with the young and thriving Methodist church near their 
homes. It was natural, therefore, that the second church of Munjoy 
Hill should be Congregational in its faith and polity. The formation 
of such a church had been thought of, and talked of, as early as 
1853. Incipient steps were taken in this direction by the Second 
Parish church, at the suggestion of its pastor, Rev. Dr. Carruthers, 
and a committee was appointed to examine and report concerning a 
suitable place and plan for such an enterprise. The present site of 
the church was contemplated, but nothing resulted from the move- 
ment. The matter was again proposed by Dr. Carruthers, who was 
thoroughly convinced of the necessity and expediency of the effort. 
In [856 he drew up and signed a subscription paper for this object, 
and secured the signatures of others, both clergymen and laymen ; 
but this attempt also failed. It appears that the St. Lawrence Street 
church had but barely missed the honor of becoming the legitimate 
child of that most prolific and maternal of all our churches, the 
venerable Second Parish. 

The origin of the St. Lawrence Street Congregational Church was, 
in truth, a household prayer-meeting, where several families met on 
Thursday evenings for devotional exercises. The first of these 
meetings was held in the house of Luther H. Shaw, and was led by 
Rev. Henry D. Moore, of the Union Church. There was no one 
among this company who was willing then to assume the responsibil- 
ity of organizing even a household prayer-meeting. But out of that 
assembly there came forth the future leaders of the St. Lawrence 
Street Church. There it was, as it met from house to house, now at 
Daniel Randall's, then at Edward Waite's, afterwards at James V. 
Poor's, then again at some other house, that those social ties were 
formed, and those spiritual bonds were cemented which subsequently 
found a more complete and joyful expression in the communion of 
this church. The original and active members of this prayer-meeting 
were our spiritual fathers and mothers. They became the original 
members of this church, which at this time they did not even dream 
of founding. One of the most prominent members of this prayer- 
meeting, and a leading spirit in the church enterprise thai grew out 
of it. was Mr. William Curtis, who still resides in our community and 
remains in our communion. To his efforts, more than to those of 
any other man, this church owes its origin. He was the first mover 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 97 

in the establishment of the prayer-meeting, and afterwards the leader 
in the building of this house of worship, and in the subsequent for- 
mation of the church. Associated prominently with Mr. Curtis were 
Daniel Randall, Edward Waite, Washington Griffin, Luther H. Shaw, 
James V. Poor, William H. Beaumont and Simeon Skillings Of 
these, three remain in our communion to-day, Messrs. Curtis, Griffin 
and Poor. 

With these eight Christian men, originated the plan of providing a 
new house of worship in this community. They had no thought of 
forming a church. The pressing need was for a meeting-house for 
Sabbath worship and Sunday-school work. 

In August, 1857, they formed themselves into a corporate body, 
under the State laws, for the purpose of building a house of worship. 
This lot, upon which our church edifice stands, they purchased for 
$2,400, giving their own private bonds for the deed. The result was 
the erection of this meeting-house, which was dedicated to the 
worship of God January 15, 1858. It was then a one-story building, 
standing somewhat on one side of the lot and nearer to the street, 
and its audience room was a few feet less than its present length. 
The city pastors of a former generation officiated at its dedication. 
The Rev. John W. Chickering, d. d., of High Street church, 
presented an historical statement, which is published in the first 
manual of the church. The Rev. William T. Dwight, d. d., of the 
Third church, offered the prayer of dedication, and the Rev. Elijah 
Kellogg, of Harpswell, preached the sermon from Psalms, xcvi, 6,. 
"Strength and beauty are in His sanctuary." From this interesting 
service, the Rev. John J. Carruthers, d. d., of the Second Parish 
church was necessarily and regretfully absent, but he sent his 
cordial greeting to the chairman of the building committee in a 
letter containing these impressive and inspiring words, "My heart's 
desire and prayer to God is that the truth as it is in Jesus may be 
purely and faithfully proclaimed in the new house of worship, and 
that it may from the first be divinely honored as the birth-place of 
immortal souls." In view of the past history of this sanctuary the 
prayer of this now venerable man of God reads like a prophecy. 

The new edifice was no sooner dedicated and occupied, than the 
desire began to be expressed for the formation of a church. On 
February 8th, seventeen days after the dedication, twenty Christian 
7 



98 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

men and women met by appointment at the house of Mr. Daniel 
Randall, on Waterville street, the same that is now owned and 
occupied by Mr. Gookin, and there entered into a mutual agreement 
to form themselves into a church, to be called the St. Lawrence 
Street Congregational Church. (At this time, also, the covenant 
used by the Second Parish and other Congregational churches was 
adopted.) The organization of the church was completed on Friday, 
February 19, 1858, with a membership of twenty-two, ten males, and 
twelve females; and was publicly recognized by an ecclesiastical 
council convened for that purpose. The sermon on this occasion 
was preached by the Rev. J. S. C. Abbott.. 

2. Of the pastorates and progress of the church. It has had five 
pastorates, viz.: the Rev. Edward P. Thwing was pastor from March, 
1858, to July, 1862 ; the Rev. John H. Murdough from September, 
1862, to November, 1865 ; the Rev. Samuel M. Morrison from 
October, 1865, to March, 1867 ; the Rev. Rufus K. Harlow from 
October, 1868, to October, 1869, and the Rev. Abiel H. Wright from 
January, 187 1, to the present time. Arthur Libby, James V. Poor, 
and Edward Waite were made its first deacons, and William Curtis, 
Daniel Randall and Royal E. Whitman its standing committee. 
Edward Waite was made its treasurer, and Arthur Libby its scribe. 

The present pastor, Rev. Abiel H. Wright was called December 
10, 1870, his installation taking place on the nineteenth of the 
following April. He began his labor with the church on the first 
Sabbath in January of 187 1. The first noticeable event in the 
history of the parish after his settlement was the payment of the 
last one thousand dollars on the long-standing debt for the house of 
worship. The repair and improvement of the church edifice soon 
followed. (For this purpose the parish voted in August u, [872, 
to issue its bonds to the amount of S3000, to be secured by 11101 : 
on its real estate.) A building committee composed of Robert 
I >resser, F. B. Percy and William Curtis was chosen to carry out the 
proposed plans of the parish. Subsequently Edward Waite took 
Mr. Curtis' place on this committee. The work was begun in 
September, 1872, and was completed by the end of the year. The 
congregation meanwhile occupying the Congress Street Methodist 
Church Sunday mornings through the courtesy of that church. 

On February 19, 1S83, occurred the twenty-fifth anniversary of the 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 99 

church, which was observed with appropriate services on Sunday and 
Monday. On Sunday, the eighteenth, an historical sermon was 
preached by the pastor, and commemorative addresses were made by 
the Rev. Dr. Carruthers, and the Rev. Elijah Kellogg. On Monday 
evening congratulatory addresses were made by the city pastors of 
different denominations, and letters were read from former pastors 
of the church and absent friends. A full report of these interesting 
services was published in the St. Lawrence Street " Church Chron- 
icler" of March, 1883. 



WILLISTON, CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. LEAVITT H. HALLOCK. 
" Remember me, O my God, for good." — Nehemiah xiii, 31. 

The completion of a century, like the striking of a clock, arrests 
attention; the clock strikes, but even as we count, wheels continue to 
revolve, time speeds on, and already we are fairly started upon the 
succeeding period. From this vantage ground of an hundred years 
we look both ways. At the past, soon to be forgotten, garnered 
chiefly in what it has made of us; and at the future, now marching 
in upon us to mature the seed and scatter it yet again for other 
harvests. 

When the century begun, only the First Congregational church 
existed in Portland, and that was on the eve of its perversion to 
Unitarianism. In September, 1787, the Second Parish, mother of us 
all, seceded, and was organized into a society in March, 1788, and 
into a church in November of the same year. Her history is very 
rich, covering many pivotal facts, determining the birth successively 
of the Third church in 1808, which soon expired; the Chapel church 
in 181 1, which died in 1824; the Third church, known as such to 
many of you, born in the flush days of Dr. Payson's ministry in 
1825, which survived until the fire of 1866 ; then High street in 183 1 ; 
Fourth in 1835; Bethel in 1840; and St. Lawrence Street in 1858. 
All properly children of the Second Parish. Next come the grand- 
children, State Street in 1852, West in 1862, Plymouth in 1869, 



100 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



now disbanded in 1885, and last of all, just entering her "teens/' 
the one grand-child, daughter of State Street, grand-daughter of 
High, great grand-daughter of her still youthful mother awaiting 
her centennial, the old Second Parish. A fruitful period, and the 
ministry of Dr. Payson was one of the elements of the grand result. 
Our particular history has been brief. Only thirteen years has 
Williston been christened, a babe among her fellows, just now 
emerging from our childhood ; we have walked alone a few years, 
and, of late, have stretched forth helping hand to our sisters for 
their aid. We have been blessed with rapid growth, more than 
realizing the expectations of our founders. 

Twenty years ago, beside the smoking ruins of the shorn Forest 
city, on the first Sunday of July, Williston Chapel was dedicated 
with appropriate services, including a sermon by Rev. George Leon 
Walker. Five years before a Sunday-school had been gathered by 
the personal effort of Miss Anna Sweetsir, in the old school-house 
on Walnut, now School street, which was at length fathered by 
State Street church, and led along until able to walk alone. Seven 
years after the chapel was dedicated, viz., February 5, 1873, an 
ecclesiastical council convened, moderated by Rev. Dr. Carruthers, 
and the recognition sermon was preached by Rev. E. Y. Mincks. 
The intervening years of unrecorded service, and self-denying toil 
occupy little space in history, but much more doubtless in characters 
trained, and souls saved ; God keeps those records. 

The church organization was effected with twenty-two members, 
one-half of whom are still here and at work, having multiplied by 
the blessing of God, and by earnest toil, until the membership is 
upwards of three hundred and fifty, the Sunday-school about four 
hundred, owning a house of worship without debt, aiming to make 
its religion business-like, and, let us hope, also to make its business 
christian-like. This church has to acknowledge the unceasing 
kindliness of its recognition at the hands of other churches, both of 
its own and of other denominations, with which its fellowship has 
been of a thoroughly Christian sort. 

Tin pastors of the church during its thirteen years of life, have 
been three: Rev. Burke F. Leavitt, now of Chicago, was installed 
May 7, 1S73, an d faithfully served his Master here for three years, 
when he was dismissed reluctantly, at his urgent request. A man 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 101 

" winning and genial, tender and sympathizing, sound in the faith 
and uncompromising in presentation of the truth, and indefatigable 
in pastoral work. He was at once pastor, manager and missionary, 
and faithful in all." Rev. Frank E. Clark was installed as pastor, 
October 19, 1876, and so continued until September, 1883, a period 
of seven years. It was during Mr. Clark's pastorate that the present 
edifice was built and furnished; it was first occupied for worship 
September, 1878, but was not dedicated until after the payment of 
the debt, viz., February 6, 188 1. The struggles of those days, ever 
thrilling to the men and women who shared in the anxieties and 
helped to win the victories, are duly recorded, but need not be 
dwelt upon here. Just about the time the church was dedicated, 
Mr. Clark set on foot the organization under its present form and 
name, the Young Peoples' Society of Christian Endeavor, whose 
history and successes are too well known to need comment here. 
Mr. Clark's pastorate was marked by rapid increase in the member- 
ship of the church, wide-spread interest and abundant ingathering 
among the young people. In that department and in the line of 
social and sympathetic work he excelled, and his service to Williston 
church will never be forgotten, for its fruits abide. 

December 13, 1883, Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock was installed pastor. 
Williston church has many times over proven its right to be, and 
confirmed the wisdom of its founders. Its influence has been 
wholesome in the neighborhood of its cradling, and it has done not 
a little to benefit the section in which it is now permanently located. 
While it has outgrown its mission character, let us hope its 
missionary spirit may steadily increase, measured by enlarged 
contributions and increasing personal effort for mankind. 

Among interesting items of our history may be mentioned : the 
laying of the corner stone, October 17, 1877 ; the meeting of the 
State conference in June, 188 1, and the payment of a debt of 
$10,000 on the morning of November 17, 1881, by voluntary 
contributions. Though the youngest of the galaxy, let us prove 
ourselves not less truly identified in spirit with our Lord, than our 
elder sisters, whose friendly aid and affection we gratefully record 
and reciprocate. "Time is measured by deeds, not by figures on the 
dial." Thus let us make age fast, and bring sheaves into heaven, 
for the glory of our Lord. 



102 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. 

BY MRS. HOWARD TAYLOR. 

It is a difficult task for the historian to separate the history of 
Friends in Portland, from the general history of the Society in Maine, 
so closely interwoven are the interests of the different branches. 
The first meeting established was the Falmouth meeting, and from 
this many of the others were from time to time set off. It appears 
that members of this Society came here before the middle of the 
eighteenth century, for we read that in the summer of 1740 a day 
of fasting and prayer was observed by the First church on account 
of the " Quakers " and their " pestilent heresy." All the ministers 
in this part of the State were present, and many prayers were offered. 
The peculiar ideas of Friends concerning the ordinances aroused 
antagonism, while their plainness in dress, manners and speech 
caused many a shaft of ridicule to be hurled at them. Their 
numbers increased, however. Others came and settled near the 
Presumpscot river. 

The first business meeting, of which we have any record, took 
place at North Yarmouth, in third month of the year, 1 75 1. 
Then was established the Falmouth Monthly Meeting, which was 
held at Falmouth and North Yarmouth alternately until twelfth 
month, 1758. After this it was no longer held at North Yarmouth, 
but occasionally at Harpswell until ninth month, 1774. Then 
Falmouth alone enjoyed the privilege until 1784. Subsequently it 
met at Royalsborough a part of the time, and was composed of the 
following preparative meetings, viz.: Falmouth, Vassalboro', Royals- 
borough and Windham. On account of the distance from Falmouth, 
Vassalboro' Preparative Meeting, in second month, 1787, requested 
a monthly meeting nearer home. It was granted. For a similar 
on, Royalsborough, now Durham Preparative Meeting, was 
given the same right in 1790. In twelfth month of the same year. 
Friends in Portland were permitted to hold meetings for wor- 
ship, during the inclement season on first-days and fifth-days, 
• the fifth-days .ipp< tinted for preparative and monthly meetings. 
Once more Falmouth had exclusive right to monthly meeting 
sessions until seventh month, 1793, when Windham Preparative 
Meeting asked to have them a portion of the time. This was 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 103 

acceded to for the second, sixth and tenth months of the year. In 
ninth month of 1796, Friends in Portland were authorized to 
hold a preparative meeting one fifth-day in each month. In 
first month of 1803, Windham Monthly Meeting was established. 
Then again Falmouth Monthly Meeting was held at Falmouth 
alone until 1833, since, which time it has met one-half the time in 
Portland. It is at present composed of the two preparative meetings 
of Portland and Deering. It meets the odd months in the latter, 
the even months in the former place, at ten o'clock, in the forenoon, 
on the third fifth day (Thursday) of each month. The men and 
women held their meetings in separate sessions until second month, 
1883. They are now held in joint sessions, with two clerks, a man 
and a woman. Falmouth Quarterly Meeting sits at Deering once 
during the year. The New England Yearly Meeting convened at 
Portland in sixth month of the years 1877, 1879, 188 1, 1883 and 
1885. It is appointed to meet here again in 1887. 

The first Friends' meeting-house in this vicinity was a small build- 
ing erected in 1752, near the Presumpscot river. In 1768, this failed 
to answer the demands of the Society, and the present larger house 
was built by subscription. The first meetings held in Portland were at 
at the house of William Purinton. The brick house that formerly 
stood on the corner of Pearl and Federal streets was finished in 1796. 
It was the first meeting-house in this region to be warmed by means 
of a stove. It had a large box stove in the middle aisle. On the 
stove were piled loose bricks, and each person could take a warm 
brick to keep him comfortable during the service. This stove caused 
Friends to be much ridiculed, and it was some time before the other 
churches were warmed in a similar way. This old house was sold in 
1849, and in 1850 the small house on Oak street was built. Until the 
year 1774 Friends in Portland were required to pay taxes to help 
support the First Parish minister. 

Among the prominent family names, we find those of Hussey, 
Horton, Winslow, Hall, Jones, Pope, Hacker, Purinton, Dow and 
Morrill. Two eminent ministers were Thankful Hussey and Edward 
Cobb. The latter was born in 1775, and died in 1832. Of him it 
has been said, "He being dead yet speaketh." Thankful Hussey 
was born in Georgetown, Maine, and died in Portland. She was the 
wife of Samuel F. Hussey. She visited many meetings at various 



104 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

times, and though her life was a busy one, she lived to the good old 
age of ninety-two years. Many of our citizens remember Rufus 
Horton, jr., who, though not a minister, was well-known for his 
sterling character and ability. In 1837 he was chosen a director 
in the Manufacturers and Traders Bank. In 1852 he was made its 
President. He died in 1867, aged seventy-two. " Resolutions of 
respect are entered on the bank records." His wife at her death 
gave to Falmouth Monthly Meeting a sum of money called the 
"Sarah W. Horton fund," of which the interest is used to keep the 
two meeting-houses in good repair. Friends were much interested in 
the anti-slavery movement. Foremost in the agitation were Samuel 
F. Hussey and wife, Nathan Winslow and wife, Oliver Dennett 
and wife, Miriam Hussey, and Emma and Harriet Dow. The old 
meeting-house on the corner of Pearl street was the first to be 
opened, and for some time was the only place to be obtained for the 
gatherings of those who favored the cause of freedom for the slave. 
One night when public feeling was most bitter, it became necessary 
for the principal speaker to don woman's apparel, and protected on 
each side by a "Quakeress," to leave the meeting-house and seek a 
place of safety. Many other little incidents occurred which we 
have not space to relate. This Society has three separate burial 
places, one in the rear of the Deering meeting-house has been used 
for generations. The last burial made there was that of the Indian 
chief, Frank Modoc, in sixth month of the present year. Another 
ground is a lot of twenty-five square rods in the north-easterly 
corner of Eastern cemetery. This lot was set off to Friends by a 
vote at a town meeting in 1795. The early Friends had scruples 
of conscience which forbade the use of monuments, hence but few 
names are inscribed there. We find those of Horton, Hussey and 
Van Blarcom. The last interment was made in 1S66. No dust has 
ever been removed. The third burial place is at Cape Elizabeth. 

Perhaps the most discouraging time in the history of Friends was 
about the year 1864. They dealt strictly with members who took 
any part in military performances, as well as with those who married 
persons not members of the Society. But there is no longer war. the 
custom of disowning a member for marrying one of another belief 
is no more, and within a few years the membership has been several 
times multiplied. The past year there has been much need of a 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 105 

larger house of worship. There is a flourishing Bible school, which 
was established about twenty years ago. At this school most of the 
adults, as well as the children, are present each Sabbath. Friends 
work for both Home and Foreign Missions. The following sentence 
is significant: A hundred years ago it was called a "bad day" for 
Portland when the "Quakers" came. Last year, when the yearly 
meeting was held here, all denominations of Christians joined in 
bidding them welcome, and in giving the right-hand of fellowship in 
the work for the One Master. 



CHESTNUT STREET, METHODIST. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. JAMES W. BASHFORD. 

" And the Lord added to them day by day those that were being saved." — Acts 
ii. 47. 

The sources from which the following sketch is derived are Rev. 
Joshua Taylor's manuscript, "The Rise of Methodism in Portland," 
Samuel R. Leavitt's " Historical Sketch of the Chestnut Street 
Methodist Episcopal Church," written in 1872, the minutes of the 
conferences found in the rooms of the New England Methodist His- 
torical Society, the published histories of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, and the recollections of aged members. Mrs. Jane Beal, 
who joined us in 181 1, is still with us, and her memory of her early 
days is good. Our sketch naturally falls into six periods : 

I. The Seed Time — i/gj-1804. 

The second Conference of the M. E. Church in New England was 
held at Lynn, Mass., August 1, 1793. Jesse Lee went to this Confer- 
ence fully determined to offer himself as " a missionary to Maine." 
Accordingly we read in the appointments of that year : " Province of 
Maine and Lynn, Jesse Lee." Lee preached the first Methodist ser- 
mon in Maine, at Saco, September 10, 1793 : and the first Methodist 
sermon in Portland two days later at the house of Theophilus Boyn- 
ton, on the spot now numbered 169 Newbury street. Lee passed on 
east, preaching almost daily, and upon his return to Portland "was 
permitted to preach for a time in Mr. Kellogg's meeting-house ; but 
as certain difficulties arose he did not long enjoy that privilege, being 



106 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



degraded at length to the humble situation of a private house." Lee 
returned to Lynn, December, 1793; and in 1794 visited Portland 
again, this time "preaching in the Court House to a large and 
attentive throng." He passed on to Monmouth and Readfield. In 
these towns he organized the first Methodist classes in Maine. He 
probably organized the Portland class upon his return from Readfield 
toward Lynn, for Joshua Taylor, who was Presiding Elder of Maine 
in 1797, writes that the Portland class, or society, was organized in 
1794, and also that Joel Ketchum was appointed to the Portland 
circuit. The class consisted of Samuel and Sarah Homer, Daniel 
and Polly Lewis, and probably Theophilus Boynton and wife. The 
following is the list of "traveling preachers" and the number of 
members upon the Portland circuit down to 1802, and of the Poland 
circuit for the next two years : 

1793 — Jesse Lee, ..... o 

1794 — Jesse Lee and Joel Ketchum, . . 6 

1795 — Philip Wayer, .... 36 

1796 — Jesse Stoneman, .... 80 

1797 — Nicholas Snethen and John Finnegan, . 175 



179S — Timothy Merritt, 



16 



2 22 
230 
249 
101 
109 



1799 — Timothy Merritt and Joshua Soule, 

1800 — Asa Heath, 

180 1 — Reuben Hubbard, 

1802 — Philip Munger, Poland circuit, 

1803 — Joseph Wicker, " " 

The Portland circuit included not only "the Neck," as the town 
was often called, but most of the territory within fifty miles of Port- 
land. Throughout this territory the "circuit rider" traveled, preach- 
ing in school-houses, private houses, barns and groves. Revivals 
broke out in several places, so that while the class in the town grew 
very slowly, the membership on the circuit increased rapidly. The 
success of the work upon the circuit led to its division by a line 
running nearly north and south between Portland and Falmouth 
Foreside. The eastern half of the circuit was named Falmouth 
Circuit, and reported one hundred and thirty-nine members, while the 
name of the western half of the circuit was changed from Portland 
to Poland, because more of the remaining members were found in 
Poland than at "the Neck." "The Neck," however, was included 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 107 

in the Poland circuit, though the school-house at " the Neck," which 
the Methodists had been allowed to use in 1800 and 1 801, was denied 
them in 1802-3, and the Portland class was but seldom visited by the 
preachers. With the exception of the two years when the school- 
house was secured, the services were generally held in the house of 
Theophilus Boynton and wife. In 1798 Bishop Asbury spent a Sun- 
day in Portland, and makes the following record in his diary : 
"Pleached in the back room of Widow Boynton's house to about 
twenty-five, chiefly women. In the afternoon preached to about 
double the number." 

II. Struggles and Victory — 1804-1825. 

In March, 1804, Joshua Taylor spent a Sunday in Portland on his 
way to the Fourth General Conference, which met at Baltimore, May 
6th. Hearing that the old " English church," ' on the corner of 
Church and Middle streets, was for sale, he consulted Samuel Homer 
and Daniel Lewis, the only male members of the class, and with the 
help of the society's good friend, Major Enoch Ilsley, the house was 
obtained. Finding help from individuals in town and from some 
friends in New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, whom he probably 
met at the General Conference, the house was removed to the lot 
between Federal and Congress streets, opposite the head of Chestnut 
street, and put in order for meetings, after which it was concluded to 
receive a preacher stationed by the Conference, and accordingly 
Joshua Taylor was appointed to the charge in the month of July. In 
the course of two years' labor he had the happiness of seeing a con- 
siderable increase in the society (forty-six) and an attentive congre- 
gation to crowd the house. 

The above is in the main from Joshua Taylor's manuscript, and he 
may be regarded as in a large sense the founder of Methodism in the 
city proper. The first board of stewards was organized in 1806, and 
consisted of Samuel Homer, Lemuel Gooding, Joshua Emery and 
William True. William True, who remained a steward until 1818, 
was the father of Rev. Charles K. True, D. D. The son was born in 
Portland, and his early religious life was shaped by Chestnut Street 
Church. He later graduated at Harvard, and became the well-known 
Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at the Wesleyan 
University. 

1 Note by Editor. — S. Paul's, Episcopal. 



108 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



But Joshua Taylor's success did not overcome all obstacles from 
without or banish all sin from within the church. In 1S06 the owners 
of the lot upon which the church stood refused to lease the 
Methodists any more land upon which to enlarge their building. At 
the same time we find written opposite some of the early names: 
"Withdrew, being a Calvinist"; and opposite a few others the still 
sadder record of expulsion. The church, however, was now beyond 
the point where the defection of a few members or opposition from 
without could destroy her. A subscription was started to buy a lot, 
and in 1808 the first Chestnut street lot was bought of Joseph 
Titcomb for $550. The first board of trustees was now formed, 
consisting of William Waterhouse, Thomas Delano, William True, 
Thomas Runnels, Samuel Homer. Lemuel Gooding and Thomas 
Dodge. But just at this point the church's history was strongly 
influenced from without. The Napoleonic wars first resulted in 
embargoes upon European ships. This gave the commerce of the 
world to American vessels, and Portland probably was never more 
flourishing than from 1798 to 1806. This accounts for the ease with 
which the first church was paid for in a few months, and the 
readiness with which the second subscription was started. But 
America was presently drawn into the maelstrom. British ord> 
council, embargoes and the war of 1812 completely paralyzed Port- 
land's commerce and brought unexpected difficulties upon the 
struggling church. Although the subscription for the second house 
of worship was started in 1806, the lot was not bought until 1808, 
and the first Chestnut Street church was not ready for worship until 
February 17, 1811; the outside of the church was not completed 
until 1812; it was not pewed until 1819, and was not paid for until 
[824. This desperate struggle of eighteen years for the second 
church building shows how far the baleful influence of Napoleon's 
ambition extended. The hard times were the occasion of a still 
more serious difficulty. As the trustees could not secure subscrip- 
tions for the new church, they built nineteen pews in the gallery in 
r8l 1. and sold them for $540 to help pay the church debt. 

The controversy in regard to music prevented any growth for 

i\ years, and resulted in a division and in the organization of 

The Separate Methodist Church in 1818. The new organization 

held services in a wooden building on Congress street, opposite 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



109 



Chestnut street (which was afterwards made into a dwelling-house 
and burnt in the fire of 1866), for a time, but presently disbanded. 
The division reduced the membership of the original church from 
two hundred and twenty-four in 18 16 to one hundred and forty-three 
in 1S19. 

The Sunday-school was organized in 1822, with James B. Cahoon, 
later mayor of the city, as superintendent. Several of the original 
scholars are still living, but Mrs. Mary Yeaton, nee Rice, is the only 
member of the original school who is still in attendance. Another 
member of our school, Hon. John J. Perry, has been a teacher here 
and elsewhere for over fifty years. 

The following is the list of "stationed preachers " and the number 
of members upon the Portland station from 1804 to 1825 : 



1804 — Joshua Taylor, 
1805 — Joshua Taylor, 
1806 — David Batchelor, 
1807 — Joel Winch, . 
1S08— Joel Winch, . 
1809 — Epaphras Kibby, 
1S10 — Epaphras Kibby, 
181 1 — Martin Ruter, 
18 1 2 — John Lindsay, 
1813 — Daniel Fillmore, 
1814 — Daniel Fillmore, 
1815 — Eleazer Wells, 
1S16 — Jacob Sanborn, 
1S17 — Elijah Hedding, 
181S — Charles Virgin, 
18 19 — Soloman Sias, 
1820 — Soloman Sias, 
182 1 — David Kilbourn, 
1822 — David Kilbourn, 
1823 — Josiah Scorritt, 
1824 — Phineas Crandall, 



11 

57 
64 

IX 3 
142 
171 
162 
162 
170 
141 

r 54 

156 

224 
188 
181 

J 43 

180 

r 9S 

201 

188 
181 



Of these, Joshua Taylor, like most of our early ministers, was 
forced to locate in order to support his family. He thus became a 
member of Chestnut Street Church, and was for over a quarter of a 
century upon our official board. He taught school in Portland for 



110 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

many years, was presidential elector in 1824, and voted for John 
Quincy Adams. He founded the Methodist church and preached for 
many years at Cumberland. He died in Portland, universally 
beloved, in 1861. He was at the time of his death the oldest 
Methodist preacher, save one, in the United States, having preached 
seventy years. 

By 1829 the church was so crowded by the new additions that a 
part of the gallery, which had been partitioned off for the prayer- 
meeting, was thrown into the auditorium, and a neat chapel was built 
for the social services facing Cumberland street, at what is now No. 
264. The rear of the chapel was but a few steps from the parsonage. 
Two ministers were sent to the station in 1829, and services were 
soon begun in the western end of the city. These services soon 
resulted in the erection of another house of worship at the corner of 
Ann (now Park) and Pleasant streets, now called the Park Street 
Church. The members were divided June 27, 1833, and the Pleasant 
Street M. E. Church was organized, while the original was now called 
the Chestnut Street M. E. Church. 

On account of financial embarrassment the Pleasant street prop- 
erty was hastily sold in 1834 to the Unitarians, and part of the 
members returned to Chestnut street. Some became Unitarians, 
and part of them dropped out of all church relation. The loss of 
two hundred and sixty-one in our membership which occurred in 
1835, an( l is reported in 1836, is clue in a large measure to this most 
unfortunate surrender of the advanced position taken. The return 
of the Pleasant street members and the increase by revivals led to 
the enlargement of the Chestnut Street Church by lengthening the 
building, and putting a vestry under the whole of it in 1836. Upon 
the completion of this vestry the Cumberland street chapel was sold 
to the Swedenborgians, who had been allowed to worship in it since 
1829. 

The following is the list of the stationed preachers and of mem- 
bers from 1825 to I ^4 2 : 

5 — Ephraim Wiley, .... 150 

iS_'6 — Ephraim Wiley. .... 166 

1827 — Ephraim Wiley, .... 

J — Stephen Lovell, . . . .312 

1 829 — Stephen Lovell and W. H. Xorris, . . 352 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



Ill 



1830 — J. Horton and W. H. Norris, 
1 83 1 — J. Horton and G. F. Cox, 
1832— G. F. Cox and G. G. Moore, 
1833 — Chas. Baker and J. B. Husted, 
1834 — Ephraim Wiley and W. H. Norris, 
1835 — Ephraim Wiley, 
1836 — Stephen Lovell and G. F. Cox, 
1837 — Joseph H. Jenne and G. F. Cox, 
1S38— George Webber and G. F. Cox, 
1839 — George Webber and Moses Springer, 
1840 — John Hobart and Moses Springer, 
1841 — John Hobart and J. L. Francis, 

The pastors and the membership during the 
are as follows : 

1842 — W. F. Farrington, 

1843 — W. F. Farrington, 

1844 — George Webber and H. M. Blake, 

1845 — George Webber, 

1846 — Eaton Shaw, 

1847 — Eaton Shaw, 

1848— Chas. F. Allen, 

1849 — Wm - McDonald, 

1850 — Wm. McDonald, 

185 1 — Aaron Sanderson, 

1852— J. Colby, 

1853— J. Colby, 

1854 — Chas. W. Morse, 

1855 — Chas. W. Morse, 



416 

5 IQ 
57i 
616 
661 
671 
410 

579 

59 2 
602 

706 
720 

intervening period 



597 

526 
650 

655 
366 

394 
384 

35 2 
366 

377 
3i7 
33° 
332 
325 



V. The Second Period of Church Building — 1856-1860. 

Thus far the history of Chestnut Street M. E. Church has been 
substantially the history of Methodism in Portland, and the sur- 
rounding country. From this time forward the church becomes one 
of several churches, and the story becomes more loved, and the 
history of the general movement begins to report itself in an 
individual church. The first effort of the individual church was to 
renew its house. In 1856 the board of trustees was enlarged and 
reorganized. The lot of land upon which the church now stands was 



112 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

bought for $7,155.20. Rev. Henry Cox was transferred from the 
Newark conference for the pastorate, and May 2, 1856, the board 
voted to build a house of worship at a cost of $20,000, and appointed 
Eliphalet Clark, George Worcester and Moses G. Palmer a building 
committee. The church was dedicated July 8, 1857, at a total cost, 
including the land, of $57,800. The building at the time of its 
dedication was the finest Methodist church in New England, and one 
of the best in the denomination. (The pastor was chiefly responsible 
for the erection of a finer structure than was contemplated.) 

Rev. H. B. Ridgway, D. d., came as pastor in i860. He was only 
thirty years old, was not radical in spirit, was a native of Maryland, 
and had many friends in the North. He was followed by William 
R. Clark — the Wendell Phillips of Methodism. His radical preaching 
at once produced a turmoil. 

The war was the most favorable time for cancelling the indebted- 
ness. But the members had become engrossed in other objects and 
demoralized in regard to the finances. Rev. Charles F. Allen, d. d., 
however, succeeded in raising $5,000 toward the indebtedness in 
1865, and planned to raise $10,000 more in 1866. But just at this 
time another great crisis befell the church and the entire city in the 
great fire of July 4th. It left over one hundred families connected 
with the church homeless. In 1868, before the church had recovered 
from the fire, the pastor Rev. E. W. Keyes became a Swedenborgian. 
This change of doctrine by the pastor, and the circumstances 
attending it was a serious blow to the church, and threatened at 
one time to rend it asunder. It required the next year, under 
Rev. S. K. Bailey for the waves to cease their rolling after the 
storm was past. In 1870, Rev. Israel Luce became pastor of the 
church. He, with rare fidelity and skill, called out the spiritual 
forces of the church gathered in families and built the church up 
inwardly. Rev. S. F. Jones followed, calling out large congregations 
and filling them with the spirit of happiness. Then under the iron 
will of J. R. Day. and the splendid management of C. J. Clark, ami 
the heroic sacrifices of scores upon scores of members, the entire 
debt was subscribed, $10,471.24 under Dr. Day, and ^9,736.55 under 
Dr. Clark, I ^30 of these subscriptions was paid under Dr. 

Mi K.eown, and the twenty-fifth anniversary of the dedication of the 
church was celebrated July s. iNSj, amid great rejoicings. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 113 

In 1873 the present parsonage, No. 219 Cumberland street, was 
bought for $5,750, all of which, save $580, has been paid by the 
Ladies' Aid Society. The women of the church have also a Dorcas 
society, organized in 1832, (?) which has done a large amount of 
charitable work. The women have formed at least two-thirds of the 
membership of the church from the outset. The success of the 
church has been to a large extent due to their services in the Sunday- 
school, the prayer-meeting, the social, financial and charitable work. 

The oldest member that Chestnut Street Church has had was Miss 
Hannah Haines, who died in 1884, having been a member of the 
church seventy-eight years. Our oldest living member is Miss 
Haines' sister, Mrs. Jane Beal, who joined us in 181 1. Our oldest 
official member is Harris C. Barnes, who entered the official board in 
1837. Among the ministers recommended to conference by this 
church are Rev. C. J. Clark, d. d., Rev. W. S. Jones, our present 
presiding elder, Rev. Alpha Turner and Rev. Edmund Cooke, d. d. 
Edmund Cooke joined Chestnut Street Church when seventeen 
years old, received some of the deepest intellectual and spiritual 
influence of his life in this church, went to Wilbraham and Wesleyan 
Universities, and has been for years one of the eminent educators of 
our church. Francis Murphy, the noted temperance evangelist, was 
reclaimed through the influence of Chestnut Street members. But 
time would fail us to tell of Capt. John B. Coyle and his wife Sabrina 
Coyle, of Charles Holden, of Henry Baker, John Yeaton, Israel 
Foster, Henry C. Lovell, and of that layman whose name stands 
prominent in our history, Dr. Eliphalet Clark. 

Chestnut Street Church has been emphatically a family church. 
Parents, children, grandchildren, and even great-grandchildren, have 
been enrolled upon her records. She has been, in some sense at 
least, the mother of ten other churches. She has in some measure 
spiritually trained and recommended twelve men for the regular 
ministry, sixteen for the local ministry, and given eight licenses to 
exhort. She now numbers five hundred and seventy known members 
in full, fifty-five upon probation, and six hundred and thirty Sabbath- 
school scholars. She has some eight hundred different places and 
some two thousand five hundred names upon her call book, being the 
largest Protestant church in the State. The estimated amounts 
which her members have given to charity is $150,000. The estimated 



114 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

membership upon her rolls from the beginning is 4,400. May the 
recording angel be able to say of her members until the last child of 
earth is gathered into the kingdom: "And the Lord added to them 
daily that were being saved." 

The following ode, written for the occasion by the poet, Robert 
Rexdale, of the Portland Sunday Times, was effectively rendered by 
a grand chorus under the leadership of Mr. James S. Staples, the 
music adopted being suited to the spirit of the poem : 

STRIKE YOUR LYRES. 

I. 

Strike your lyres and raise the song, 

Ye hosts of Jubilee I 
Joy and gladness now belong, 

1 ' Machigonne ! to thee. 
For thy loving children kneel 
At the altars of their sires. 
Then awake the joyous peal ! 
Strike ! strike your lyres. 
Chorus — Welcome, welcome, to the 
Hundredth Isle! 

II. 
O'er the ocean of the years, 

The Lord on us did smile ! 
And His hand the shallop steers 

Unto the Hundredth Isle. 
O ye hosts ! behold the land, 

Lighted by its signal-fires. 
All is joy upon the strand ! 

Strike! strike your lyres. 
Chorus — Welcome, welcome, to the 

Hundredth Isle! 

III. 
Thus we come this natal day, 

O city of our 1<>\ e ' 
Tribute at thy feet to lay, 
With blessings from above I 

e be thine forevermore, 
O land of pure desires ! 
Minstrels <>f the golden shore, 
Strike ! strike your I 
Chorus — Welcome, welcome, to the 
Hundredth Isle ! 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 115 

PINE STREET, METHODIST. 

Owing to the ill health of the pastor, Rev. C. J. Clark, no 
historical sermon was preached at Pine Street church. In the 
evening there was a re-union jubilee service. 



CONGRESS STREET, METHODIST. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. EZRA TINKER. 

The origin of the Congress Street Methodist Episcopal Church is 
so recent, the source of information so near at hand, that its 
conception, organization and growth admit of the plainest historical 
statements. Less than a century ago Methodism was introduced 
into Portland by that heroic Christian teacher and successful 
Methodistic evangelist, Jesse Lee, who preached the first Methodist 
sermon on the twelfth of September, 1793. On the first of October, 
1795, the first class was organized. Six persons constituted the 
nucleus around which have gathered the forces of Methodism. 
Methodism being simply Christianity in earnest, as it has been said 
by a distinguished Scotch divine, positively aggressive, ever on the 
alert, she has always been planning larger things. In harmony 
with this spirit, in the year 1846, she planted a colony in the western 
portion of the city, from which has grown the present Pine Street 
M. E. Church. 

In the year 185 1, she turned her eyes towards Munjoy Hill, which 
is beautiful for situation, like Jerusalem and Mount Zion of old, 
and she coveted it for Christ and the church, and in the generosity 
of her nature she set apart sixty of her members to form the nucleus 
of another Methodist society. The first class and prayer service 
was held in the summer of 185 1 in the house of Solomon Davis, at 
51 Monument street, and conducted by Samuel R. Leavitt, who 
still survives in a green old age to rejoice in the beauty and pros- 
perity of this the third daughter of Portland Methodism. And 
Mrs. Solomon Davis still lingers with us, and lives in the very house 
where she lived when the first class and prayer service was held in 
her home. In the same year, a chapel accommodating three 
hundred persons was erected at the corner of St. Lawrence and 



116 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Congress streets, upon a lot which was the gift of Dr. Eliphalet 
Clark, whose name is in the Methodist churches of Portland and 
vicinity, and whose consistent life and spotless Christian character 
and unstinted charity have made his memory a sweet perfume in 
all the churches. Dedicated to divine worship in the middle of the 
conference year by the Rev. Dr. Webber, the new edifice was 
occupied till the ensuing session of the annual conference by the 
Rev. Eaton Shaw, who has gone to his reward. 

In the spring of 1852, the Rev. William F. Farrington, who still 
survives in health at the advanced age of more than four score 
years, was appointed by the Presiding Bishop of the Maine 
Conference, to the pastorate of the Congress Street Methodist 
Episcopal Church. Such was the spirit of revival that in less than 
three years the edifice had to be enlarged in order to accommodate 
the growing congregation. They multiplied and thrived till they 
were compelled to build the present commodious and attractive 
edifice, which was appropriately dedicated in the year 1868 by the 
Rev. William McDonald. The society has been favored with some 
of the ablest preachers and most earnest Christian workers in 
Methodism, until it stands second in numerical strength in the city, 
and is surpassed by only three churches in the State. What has 
been done is only a prophecy of what may be done by united and 
consecrated effort. 

The following named clergymen have been pastors of the church, 
and in the order indicated: 1, Eaton Shaw: 2, William F. Farrington? 
3, William McDonald; 4, Charles C. Mason; 5, Andrew J. Church; 
6, Benjamin Foster; 7, George Webber; 8, Howard 1!. Abbot; 
9, Samuel Roy; 10, Ezekiel Martin; 11, Abel Pottle; 12, W. H. H. 
Pillsbury; 13, John C. Perry; 14, C. B. Pitblado; 15, Charles W. 
Bradlee; 1 6. William M. Sterling; 17, Ammi S. Ladd; 18, George 
D. Lindsay; 19, Enos T. Adams; 20, Ezra Tinker. Total mem- 
bership of the church, three hundred and ten. Total membership of. 
the Sunday-school, three hundred and twenty-one. Valuation of 
church property, $30,000. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 117 

PEAKS ISLAND, METHODIST. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. J. B. LAPHAM. 

Up to 1832 preaching services had been held on Peaks Island in 
a hall that was originally arranged for dancing, in the house now 
occupied by Mrs. Luther Sterling. In 1832 the first school-house 
was built on Peaks Island. For eighteen years it served as the only 
meeting-house. In 1850 it was sold and moved away. A new 
school-house was built by the city, and, like the old one, served for 
meetings. It was dedicated in due form, and Rev. Benjamin Free- 
man preached the dedicatory sermon. 

In i860 the name "Peaks Island" appears the first time in 
our Conference Manual. Rev. W. N. Richardson was the appointed 
pastor here. November 15th of that year a Methodist Episcopal 
church was duly organized. The present church edifice was built the 
following winter and spring, and dedicated July 25, 1861. Rev. C. 
C. Cone, Presiding Elder of Portland District, preached the dedi- 
catory sermon. Rev. C. W. Blackman was appointed here in 1862, 
and remained two years. Rev. Joseph Hawkes followed him in 1864, 
and in 1865 Rev. B. Freeman was the stationed preacher. He 
remained three years. In 1868 Rev. Asbury C. Trafton was the 
pastor, and remained for three years. In 187 1 Rev. James H. Trask 
became the pastor, and remained two years. Rev. John C. Perry 
followed him in 1873. During his pastorate the parsonage was built. 
Subsequently the following pastors have been appointed, viz. : Rev. 
Hezekiah Chase, 1876-78; Rev. True P. Adams, 1879-81; Rev. 
Charles S. Parsons, 1S82-84; Rev. J. B. Lapham, 1885-86. For fifty 
years there have been but two class leaders, viz. : John Sterling and 
Robert F. Skillings. A bell was purchased by the Society of Willing 
Workers, assisted by subscriptions, and hung in the church tower 
April 16, 1886. 



VAUGHAN STREET, INDEPENDENT METHODIST. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. D. W. LeLACHEUR. 

The history of this church covers a short space of time. It is full 
of interest to us and to many in this city. This church was organized 
May 18, 1883. It has now a membership of one hundred and eleven ; 



118 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

at its organization it had forty-seven. The parish was organized 
under the statutes of Maine in October, 1882, by Ira S. Locke, Esq., 
of this city. The Sabbath-school of this church at the present time 
numbers upward of two hundred, with an average attendance of one 
hundred and sixty. The membership of the parish is one hundred 
and sixty-seven. The congregation, which on the first Sabbath was 
fifty-six, averages at the present time nearly four hundred. The 
mottoes of the parish are: "All men are born free and equal," and 
that "Jesus Christ, by the grace of God, tasted death for every 
man." The church is absolutely free, being supported by weekly 
contributions. The parish owns the property on the corner of 
Vaughan and West streets. It is valued at $12,000, and free from 
debt. 



FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. ALBION K. P. SMALL. 

" And thou shalt remember all the way which the Lord thy God led thee." — 
] >eut. viii. 2. 

In leading his ancient people how often God held before them the 
facts of experience. Review furnishes valuable lessons. " 'Tis 
greatly wise to talk with our past hours." Though the history of this 
church, already printed, need not be re-written, yet on the Centennial 
anniversary of the city we may well make some record of the way 
which the Lord our God hath led us. Fifteen years after the organ- 
ization of the little seaport town, when it contained but three or four 
thousand inhabitants, this church had its birth. Though all the 
< Ltizens had been obliged to be supporters of the legal parishes, a 
few who could obtain no real spiritual help from the preaching of the 
parish ministers, had been accustomed to attend meeting at Cape 
Elizabeth, where Mr. Clark, a Congregational minister and a truly 
devout man, faithfully preached the gospel of grace and spiritual 
life, giving to them much Christian assistance, until his early death, 
when they could find no such spiritual guide. They then met 
privately for devotion and the study of the bible, gradually learning 
the facts about conversion, and the Gospel Church, composed of 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 119 

believers, united together on profession of their faith in the observ- 
ance of the Gospel ordinances, — a spiritual body, entirely distinct 
from the State, and were surprised on finding that they had received 
from the Scriptures the views of the Baptist denomination, of which 
they had known but little. 

After much deliberation and prayer, a council was convened, of 
which Elder Thomas Green, of North Yarmouth, was moderator, and 
Elder Elisha Williams, of Brunswick, was clerk, by which ten 
disciples, only three of whom were males, on July 24, 1801, were 
recognized as the First Baptist Church. Their place of meeting was 
first a private house, then a school-room on Union street, then the 
third-story of a brick store on Middle street, then, in the third year 
of the history of the church, its own first small meeting-house — a 
mere chapel, costing about $600 — on Federal street ; then, seven 
years later, its more spacious house erected on the same lot, which 
house, after nearly forty years, was changed into the one which was 
lost in the conflagration of 1866; just three years from which time, 
meetings having been held in the High school building, in the vestry 
of the Chestnut Street Church, and in the Allen Mission chapel, the 
new house was completed on Congress street, at an expense of more 
than $60,000, the organ, carpeting and furniture being furnished by 
the remarkable efforts of the ladies of the society. 

The man, whose name for several reasons seems to stand first 
in the history of this church, was Benjamin Titcomb, who during the 
year previous to the organization of the church, had become a mem- 
ber of the Baptist church in North Yarmouth, and had been ordained 
as an evangelist, at whose private house this church was organized, 
from whom was purchased the meeting-house lot on Federal street, 
and who became the first pastor, filling the office for three successfu \ 
years. He was then a pastor in Brunswick for thirty-two years, re- 
maining in that town, greatly honored till his death, in the eighty- 
eighth year of his age. 

Rev. Josiah Converse was ordained in 1807. His successor was 
Rev. Caleb Blood, during whose able ministry it was found necessary 
to build the larger house, at the dedication of which on July 11, 181 1, 
he preached a sermon which was printed and is still preserved. In 
the fourth year of his useful service here, Mr. Blood suddenly died, 
in the sixtieth year of his age. In 18 16 the youthful Thomas B. 



120 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Ripley commenced his interesting pastorate of nearly twelve years, 
during which the number of members came to be two hundred and 
forty, lie was afterward pastor in Bangor, Providence, R. I., and 
Nashville, Tenn. ; then returned, spending the evening of his life 
chielly as a missionary among the poor, and a member of the church 
of which lie was ordained pastor before he was twenty-one years old. 
He died in the eighty-first year of his age and the sixty-first of his 
ministry, remembered as the venerable "Father Ripley." 

In 1828, Rev. Ebenezer Thrasher was ordained and commenced 
his interesting but brief and only pastorate, which was closed by 
sickness. After which he became editor, secretary and director of 
important societies, acquiring considerable property, which he con- 
tinued to use with large Christian benevolence till his recent death. 
In 1830, the devoted but delicate Rev. George Leonard entered 
upon his ministry here. Scarcely six months had elapsed when he 
closed an evening service with the words, " Prepare to meet thy 
God," which were the last public words of his brief but glorious work. 
Following him was the much esteemed Rev. John S. Maginnis, 
coming during the year when the growing town became a city. After 
a pastorate of five years Mr. Maginnis was also compelled to seek a 
milder climate. He became Professor of Biblical Theology at Ham- 
ilton, and afterward at Rochester, N. Y., where he died in the forty- 
eighth year of his age. In accordance with his advice fifty-four 
members were cordially dismissed to become constituent members of 
the Free Street Church. His successor was Rev. James T. Champlin, 
who after a little more than three years, was induced to go to his 
great work in Waterville, where as Professor of Greek and as Presi- 
dent, in a service of thirty-two years, he reared for himself an endur- 
ing monument. From 1842, for nearly seven years Rev. Luther F. 
Beecher was pastor. Then for three years Rev. Jacob R. Scott, who 
resigned (being appointed by the American Baptist Missionary Union 
as a missionary to France), but died in this country in the forty- 
seventh year of his age. 

In 1854 commenced the pastorate of Rev. Win. H. Shailer, D.D., 
who was of more value than this record can tell during the terrible 
years of war, and conflagration, and rebuilding; who at the Seventy- 
fifth anniversary of the church preached a memorial sermon which is 
in print ; and during twenty-three years gave to Portland the service 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 121 

of a faithful preacher, model pastor, accurate editor, valuable director 
of city secular education, much honored citizen, and friend 

Rev. Thomas D. Anderson heroically followed as pastor for five 
years, until he accepted a flattering call from a prominent church in 
Baltimore, and he was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. A. K. 
P. Small. 

The deacons have been Thomas Beck, Edward Carlton, Benjamin 
Ilsley, Alfred Richardson, Byron Greenough, John Pearson, 
Nathaniel Ellsworth, Mark Walton, Judah Chandler, J. W. Colcord, 
Benjamin Pratt, Jonathan K. Morse, J. H. Coffin, J. B. Mathews, J. 
H. Hanson, Robert L. Morse, John Dryden and Loren Beals. 

Seventeen who have been members of this church have become 
ministers; six are foreign missionaries. Twenty-five from the society 
went into the army, more than half of whom to die. 

In 1817 a Sunday-school was established, supposed to be the first 
in the city, if not in the State. It has been blessed with a con- 
tinuous line of faithful superintendents and teachers, giving uplifting 
influence to many hundreds. 

The records show that this church very early took a decided 
position in the temperance cause, which it has constantly maintained. 

Twenty years ago this evening, at the close of the National 
holiday, the stealthy fire-fiend burst from all control, in a rage that 
beggars all description, making this church and society the center of 
its blazing track of desolation, when of all that pertained to the 
sanctuary only a Bible and two hymn books escaped ; the dwellings 
of pastor, church and society, all vanishing in flying cinders. How 
utterly cast down, but not destroyed. In three years, in a new house, 
the pastor in a memorial sermon said: "We desire with gratitude to 
place it upon record, that ye may tell it to the generation following, 
that 'Hitherto hath the Lord helped us, our trust in Him as we look 
forward is unshaken.' " Who in the darkest hour may not take the 
lesson of faith and hope ? Then from the example of ten feeble 
pioneers, amid such discouragment, the lesson of increased obli- 
gation when the enrolled membership is about four hundred. 

We have spoken of this church. Where is the church that was 
organized eighty-five years ago ? The last of that number, Mrs. 
Eleanor Beck, passed from earth just forty years ago. Not one of 
that number, not a child or grandchild, only a single one of their 



122 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

names is represented among us today. Thus the church dies and 
lives, and will live beyond all death. 



FREE STREET, BAPTIST. 

BY THE PASTOR REV. A. T. DUNN. 
"Thou shalt call thy walls salvation, and thy gates praise." — Isaiah lx, 18. 

These words describe the Prophet's vision of the Gospel Church. 
This truth is seen in every Christian church, which fulfils its 
mission. The written history of Free Street Church extends over 
just one-half the period of our city's history. More or less for some 
years the matter was being agitated among the Baptists of the city 
as to the advisability of organizing another church to do work in the 
western part of the city. Matters, however, took definite form on 
December 21, 1835, when the Federal Street Church, (now the First 
Baptist) adopted by unanimous vote a resolution cordially approving 
the movements of certain members of that church in purchasing a 
building with the view of organizing a second Baptist church. 
Several individuals had previously united in the purchase of the 
Portland Theatre, with the design of making it a house of religious 
worship. 

January 11, 1836, the Free Street Baptist Society was organized, 
and on July 18, 1836, fifty-five of the members of the Federal Street 
church were, at their own request, dismissed to form the Free Street 
Baptist Church. Articles of faith and the church covenant were 
adopted July 25, 1836. August nth a council was held, and it was 
voted to recognize the new church as one regularly organized, and 
at that time were held services of recognition of the church, and the 
church building was dedicated. Nov. 8th the church extended a call 
to Rev. Thomas O. Lincoln, of Kennebunk, to become the pastor, 
which was accepted. This pastorate extended over a period of four 
years and nine months, and was a most auspicious beginning. Two 
hundred were baptized and received into the fellowship of the 
church. 

Rev. Lewis Colby was called to the pastorate in February, 1842, 
.and remained a faithful leader for two years and four months. 

Rev. J. S. Eaton entered upon his work as pastor August iS, 1S44, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 123 

and by reason of ill health was obliged to withdraw after ten years 
of earnest and successful service. Mr. Eaton continued his 
residence in Portland until his death, September 27, 1856. 

January 25, 1855, Rev. George W. Bosworth, d. d., became the 
pastor. For ten years and seven months he served the church most 
faithfully, and made his influence felt for good throughout the city 
and the State. His successor was Rev. J. C. Stockbridge, d. d., 
who entered the service November 12, 1865, and remained until 
July 7, 1867. 

March 8, 1868, Rev. A. K. P. Small, d. d., commenced the work 
of pastor, and continued in it for more than six years. It was a 
fruitful pastorate, and gives evidence of devotion and zeal. The 
strength of his influence in the city, as well as his interest here, is 
seen in the fact that he today serves as the honored pastor of our 
mother church 

January 31, 1875, Rev. James McWhinnie, d. d., was recognized as 
pastor, and retained in the office for nine years and nine months. 
This pastorate was blessed in the increased strength of the church, 
and in the salvation of souls. More than one hundred and ninety 
persons were baptized and added to the church. Faithful service 
was rewarded. November 1, 1885, the present pastor commenced 
his work. 

During these fifty years there have been four years and two 
months when no pastor has been in service, but good organization 
has prevented great loss. The following persons have filled the 
office of deacon: Byron Greenough, John Pearson, Lewis J. 
Sturtevant, Alpheus Shaw, Henry B. Hart, Alfred Haskell, Joseph 
L. Kelley, Charles Staples, Jesse Redlon, N. D. Curtis, and the 
present board, John C. Phenix, Charles A. B. Morse, and Thomas 
Lynch. The church has ever been interested in the work of missions, 
both Home and Foreign, and has shown that interest by contributions 
of both money and men. Seven or more of her sons are now at 
work for the Master, as ministers of the Word, and others have been 
thus employed. 

The Sunday-school has ever been an important factor in the 
aggressive forces, and good results are apparent. The church has 
always maintained the feature of a family church, and it is not in- 
frequent that three generations are found sitting side by side, and in 



124 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



the same pew occupied by an earlier generation. Persistent, 
faithful work has been done, and gradual, steady advance has been 
made. Very few years have passed when none have been added, 
and there have been very few occasions, when large numbers have 
been received. The additions have been made quietly and gradually. 
Eleven hundred and eighty-nine persons, including the present 
membership, have been connected with the church, and six hundred 
and sixty-five of them have been baptized. " Hitherto the Lord 
hath helped us." 



FIRST FREE BAPTIST. 

P.V THE PASTOR, REV. J. M. LOWDEN. 

"But the King commanded, and they brought great stones, costly stones, and 
hewed stones to lay the foundation of the house," i Kings ii, 17. 

At the conclusion of the sermon the pastor read the following 
statistics, showing the origin and progress of the church : 

In 1780, Rev. Benjamin Randall organized the First Free Baptist 
Church, in New Durham, New Hampshire. Mr. Randall soon 
visited Maine, and during the next ten years sixteen churches were 
established in Cumberland and other counties, though we have no 
record that any attempt was made to plant a church of this order 
in Portland for many years. 

Rev. Elias Smith, a young Baptist minister of marked ability and 
rare eloquence, having been disowned by his own denomination for 
the views he entertained and preached concerning Calvinism, made 
a proposition to unite with the Free Baptists. From Mr. Smith's 
peculiar notions of church organization and government, or some 
other cause, this proposition was declined, though the relations 
between himself and Free Baptists continued pleasant and fraternal. 
In the meantime Mr. Smith continued to preach and organize 
churches with the simple, distinctive name, u Christian." About 
1810, a Christian church was organized by him in Portland. 

For many years Rev. Samuel Rand, who is still remembered by 
many of our older people as an able and devoted minister, served as 
pastor and built up a strong society. Free Baptists as they removed 
to the city, found in this church a congenial home. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 125 

Some years after the decease of Mr. Rand the society began to 
decline, and in 1843 it was decided to disorganize and dispose of 
their church property on the corner of Casco and Cumberland streets. 

The late Joseph Symonds and others, as agents of the Free Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society, purchased the property for a nominal 
sum, and a church of this order was at once formed. Many of the 
members of the old church became members of the new, it being 
with them more a change of name than otherwise. 

In 1858 a severe trial came upon the church, which resulted finally 
in breaking it up. A new church, however, was soon formed, and in 
the spring of 1862, Rev. D. M. Graham, d. d., of New York, was 
settled as pastor. With a membership sifted down to less than fifty, 
and embarrassed with a heavy parish debt, he succeeded, during a 
pastorate of five years, in building up a good society. Revs. O. T. 
Moulton, A. A. Smith, and Chas. S. Perkins followed Dr. Graham, 
and their several pastorates were successful. Seven years ago Rev. 
J. M. Lowden of Halifax, N. S., was settled as pastor, and he still 
continues his pastoral relations with marked success. He has seen a 
former church debt removed, and the Plymouth Church on Congress 
street purchased, where the Free Baptist Society now worships. 

The congregation has steadily increased since removal, and the 
church has now a membership of about three hundred and fifty, with 
a large and flourishing Sunday-school in charge of L. M. Webb, Esq. 
It has also among its auxiliaries a Social and Literary Guild, and a 
Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor, both of which are 
doing excellent work. An auxiliary to the Free Baptist Woman's 
Mission in doing good service in the cause of missions. It has under 
its care for the same object a society of young misses called the 
Active Aids; also a large and enthusiastic Children's Band. A most 
efficient help in the social and financial interests of the church is the 
Ladies' Aid Society. 

FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. HENRY BLANCHARD, D. D. 

The pastor, Rev. Henry Blanchard, made some brief introductory 
remarks, in which he referred to the sacredness of the day — Sunday 
and July 4th. He then dwelt upon the condition of the religious 



126 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

world in 1786. Universalism was even then held by a large number 
of Christian believers, but it was not until April 18, 182 1, that the 
First Universalist Society of Portland was organized. 

The speaker referred to the early advocates of the faith, and 
extolled their courage, their earnestness, their wisdom, their power. 
Chief a'mong them were Hosea Ballou, Russell Streeter, first pastor 
of the society, Edward Turner, Thomas Whittemore and Sebastian 
Streeter. 

The first services were held in the "town-house," and there is a 
vote on record that "the parish committee appoint two persons to 
carry around the box on Sunday, and that they be authorized to alter 
the windows of the town-house by permission of the selectmen." 

According to the admirable paper prepared some time ago, at the 
request of the pastor, by Philip F. Turner, Esq., clerk of the parish, 
to whom the speaker felt himself greatly indebted, the list of pastors 
is as follows: Rev. Russell Streeter, August 11, 182 1, to April 18, 
1827 ; Rev. John Bisbee, June 20, 1828, to about two years later, 
when the pastorate was ended by death; Rev. W. J. Reese, 1829 to 
1831; Rev. Menzies Rayner, 1831 to 1836; Rev. D. D. Smith, 1836 
to 1840; Rev. C. C. Burr, 1840 — about one year; Rev. L. L. Sadler, 
1842 to 1847; Rev. Russell Streeter, 1847 to 1 &53i Rev. C. R. Moor, 
1853 to i860; Rev. E. C. Bolles, i860 to 1869; Rev. W. E. Gibbs, 
1869 to 1881 ; Rev. Henry Blanchard, 1882. Of the first two 
pastors Hon. Israel Wasburn, jr., was accustomed to say that the first 
was a St. Paul, and the second a St. John. 

At a meeting of the parish, April 23d, it was voted to purchase a 
lot of land on the corner of Back street (now Congress) and Pearl. 
The price paid was $700. Portland had then 8,600 inhabitants. A 
church was erected on this lot, and dedicated Aug. 16, 1S21. It was 
destroyed in the great fire of 1866. 

The Sunday-school was established under the ministry of the 
second pastor, Rev. John Bisbee. Under the ministry of the third 
pastor the Widows' Wood Society was formed, and on so broad a 
basis that today representatives from all the churches are on its 
board of management. 

The Samaritan Association was organized in 1828, and is a noble 
monument of the philanthropy of Mrs. Bisbee, wife of the second 
and saintly pastor, John Bisbee. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 127 

The third pastor, Rev. Mr. Reese, for whom a monument was 
erected in the Eastern Cemetery, died in Buffalo, ministering to the 
cholera sufferers. 

In 1 83 1 financial troubles came, and in the trying years from 1831 
to 1837 — the great years of disaster — the society suffered severely. 
For a while the church was closed, but meetings were held in the 
houses of the parishioners. It was re-opened in the year 1840. 

During these years excitement concerning slavery was intense 
throughout the country. The following vote will show something of 
the prevailing feeling : It was recorded at the meeting of the parish 
June 20, 1844, voted, "That our confidence in each and every mem- 
ber of the business committee of this parish is full and undiminished 
by any act of their's since their election. 

" That it is the sense of this meeting that we regret the action of 
any individual of this parish in taking the key from the sexton and 
depriving the abolition society of the use of the house on the even- 
ing of the 10th in st." 

Mr. Charles Fobes is the only living member of the parish com- 
mittee thus complimented. The pastor referred in eulogistic words 
to the character and service of this honored member of the parish, so 
long a constant attendant at the church, but now confined at home 
by illness. 

Under the efficient ministry of Rev. L. L. Sadler, Rev. Russell 
Streeter, in his second pastorate, Rev. C. R. Moor, Rev. E. C. Bolles, 
the church continued to prosper. In the pastorate of Mr., now Dr., 
Bolles, the need of a larger church was felt, and the present noble 
edifice was built. The dedication took place Feb. 15, 1865. 

Rev. W. E. Gibbs, now of Buffalo, remained pastor for the long 
period of twelve years — a kind friend, a faithful pastor. He was 
succeeded by the present incumbent, Rev. Henry Blanchard. Both 
he and his immediate predecessor are graduates of Tufts College in 
the class of 1859. The two deacons, Charles S. Fobes and M. B. 
Coolidge, and the superintendent of the Sunday-school, Mr. F. W. 
Hamilton, are also graduates of Tufts, and there are three other 
graduates who are members of the parish. 

The whole number of names of families on the pastor's list is 
about three hundred and thirty. The Sunday-school has nearly 
four hundred members. Mr. Blanchard, after giving these statistics, 



128 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

spoke at length of the great change which had come in the religious 
opinions of the community between the years 182 1 and 1886. At 
the former date, Universalists were unpopular. Now they are 
respected. The whole world is coming to their faith. He then 
spoke of the services rendered the church and the faith by Hon. 
Israel Washburn, jr., whose tablet has been placed upon the wall of 
the church. He spoke also of the minister, and the noble men and 
women to whom memorial windows or mural pictures had been 
given. He then referred in loving words, to the recent great loss 
suffered by the society, in the death of William T. Small, the 
secretary of the parish committee, the efficient planner and executor 
of church methods, the devoted, noble co-worker with the pastor. 
In conclusion, Mr. Blanchard expressed his great gratitude for the 
present great prosperity of the church. He rejoiced that bigotry 
is dead — that holders of different beliefs are willing to hear the 
declarations of Universalist opinions. He rejoiced in the unity 
which had come through work for philanthrophic ends. The 
ministers of the city are united in working for the righteousness of 
God under the leadership of Christ. Workers for temperance, for 
the Indian, for the fallen, for the boys of the street, are all coming 
together, and deed is seen to be more important than creed. The 
twenty-fifth chapter of Matthew receives a new reading. A present 
heaven is prayed for and worked for. He would have his church 
fill the century from 1886 to 1986, with the fragrance of noble 
characters, and with the works of Christian self-sacrifice. He would 
have the church be truly " All Souls Church " — a church dedicated 
to the glory of God, and the service of man, under the leadership of 
Jesus Christ, the Lord and Master and Saviour of men. So shall 
we serve our beloved city; so shall we help our noble commonwealth 
and our beloved country. May those who shall follow us and 
celebrate the end of another century, in 1986, rejoice in the heritage 
which they shall receive from us. For God and Church, for home 
and native land, let us work with will that our city and our country, 
a hundred years from now, may be great and prosperous, and holy, 
through co-working with God and fellowship with Christ. And let 
all the people cry " Amen ! " 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. . 129 

SECOND UNIVERSALIS! 1 . 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. MARION CROSLEY. 

A movement was begun in April, i860, to establish a second 
Universalist church in the City of Portland, and on the twelfth of 
May following a temporary organization was effected by the appoint- 
ment of a chairman, clerk and a committee, to which was assigned 
the duty of securing a hall, and arranging for public services. 
Meetings were held in the first place in Union hall, and the Rev. 
Zenas Thompson was the first pastor. In June of the same year, 
the congregation through an arrangement of the committee moved 
into Mechanics Hall, and the services were conducted there for 
a time. Rev. Mr. Thompson served the society one year. He was 
followed by Harry Hersey, of Tufts College, and Rev. F. A. 
Hodsdon was sent to resume leadership. But on the account of 
the progress of the war, the halls generally were in use for recruiting 
purposes, and for the quartering of soldiers, so that the young 
movement was disturbed for want of a place to hold services. This 
difficulty together with other discouragements led to a suspension of 
effort in 1864. This was the end of the first movement to build up 
a second Universalist church in the city. 

A second attempt was made in the winter of 1865. This was when 
the First Universalist Parish moved from the old church, corner of 
Congress and Pearl streets, to their new church on Congress square. 
A few individuals friendly to the cause, seized the opportunity, 
purchased the Pearl street church, and commenced services anew 
under the pastorate of Rev. B. M. Atwood, now d. d., and continued 
until the great fire, which left the church in ruins, and made desolate 
the homes of many of those connected with the parish. After the 
fire and upon due deliberation it was decided not to rebuild, but to 
sell out and dissolve. A few friends, however, still believing that 
there was sufficient material for two Universalist churches in the city, 
made a purchase of the land, after which the Pearl street society was 
dissolved. 

A third movement was then inaugurated. A frame building was 

secured from the Methodists on Munjoy Hill, and moved to present 

site of Kavanagh school, the lot at that time belonging to the city. 

The Pearl street lot being deemed to narrow for a full sized modern 

9 



130 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

church, was sold for $5,000, and after much delay, discussion and 
canvass the Thomas lot, corner of Congress and India streets, was 
secured, the majority of those concerned agreeing that was the most 
desirable location then to be had. This purchase was effected in 
the spring of 1S69, and the work on the building was in a reasonable 
time begun. Tlie corner-stone was laid August third, of the same 
year, with appropriate ceremonies, and in accordance with Masonic 
honors and usages. After many a severe struggle, numerous 
disappointments and reverses, with any amount of discouragements, 
the structure was so far completed, as to justify a dedication, which 
ceremonies took place in the autumn of 187 1. Previous to this 
time, Rev. George W. Bicknell had received and accepted a call to 
become the pastor of the struggling society. He was installed into 
the pastoral office, at the same time that the church was set apart 
to the service of the one God and Father of all, There was a large 
debt to begin with, too large for the ability of the friends to carry. 
Although extra efforts were put forth by parish, pastor and Ladies' 
Aid, the debt would increase, and the usefulness of the parish 
continued to be greatly impaired. The parish was unfortunate in 
assuming a burden it could not carry or throw off. After a pastorate 
of seven years, Rev. Mr. Bicknell accepted a call to Philadelphia, 
and accordingly resigned his charge in Portland. 

The Rev. C. A. Hayden, then of Gardiner, came to the vacant 
pastorate, and began work, but the debt had become so large, that 
the parish and its friends were not able to meet current expenses, 
and pay the interest as it piled up around them. This state of 
things continued until February, 1881, when the creditors felt 
obliged to close the doors of the church, and offered the property 
for sale. The parish was not inclined to bid for its re-purchase. So 
• a few individuals, six in number, still full of faith in the project of 
■establishing a second Universalist society, embarked in the enter- 
prise of getting the property into their own hands, that it might not 
be diverted from the cause for which it had been set apart. The 
lamented Ex-Governor Washburn encouraged these gentlemen in 
their efforts, and furnished substantial aid. In October, 1881, the 
church was secured by these private parties, and soon thereafter. 
what had been known as the India Street Parish was dissolved, and 
thus endeth the third chapter of the scenes enacted to secure a 
second Universalist society in our city. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 131 

A fourth effort was made in connection with a new organization, 
named the parish of the Church of the Messiah. This new society 
was completed according to the forms of law, October n, 1881, and 
began its career with an enthusiasm that promised success from the 
very start. Under the existing order of things, the debt has steadily 
grown less. It was at first $10,000; it is at this date reduced to 
$4,100, with increasing facilties for its speedy extinction. 

The Rev. C. A. Hayden was continued as pastor for some two 
years under the new organization, in connection with the Deering 
parish. He was followed by the Rev. R. S. Kellerman, who on 
account of ill health, served the society for only a few months. The 
present pastorate was begun October 1, 1884, less than two years 
ago. The outlook at the present time is encouraging, and all the 
friends are full of hope. There are something more than one 
hundred and fifty families claiming connection with the parish. 
There is a church membership of ninety-three, and a Sabbath-school 
with nearly three hundred enrolled, with an average attendance of 
over two hundred. 

The ladies of this parish have the credit of doing a vast amount 
of hard work, and of producing marvelous financial results. It is 
the banner parish of the State among the Protestant churches, so 
far as known, in the amount of money it realizes from the work that 
is done. The way is now made clear, it is fully demonstrated, that 
two large and well to do Universalist churches can exist in the 
beautiful, thriving and cultured City of Portland. And it is also 
made apparent in the midst of this centennial celebration, as we 
stand in the light of these last years of the nineteenth century, 
that the truths of the fatherhood of God, the brotherhood of men, 
and the immortality and final blessedness of all souls are more 
prevalent in the earth, than ever before. 

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, CATHOLIC. 

BY THE BISHOP, RIGHT REV. JAMES AUG. HEALY. 

"Let us now praise men of renown and our fathers in their generation. Let the 
people show forth their wisdom and the church declare their praise." — Ecclesias- 
ticus xliv. 

While our fellow-citizens are occupied in commemorating the 
events of a hundred years ago in this locality, it may serve a useful 



132 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

purpose for us also to recall with gratitude and praise what things 
God has done for His Church and for us, its children, within the same 
period. Previous to the year 1776, there were Catholics in Maine, 
but not in Portland. At Norridgewock, at the junction of the 
Kennebec and Sandy rivers, stands a monument. It commemorates 
the Rev. Sebastian Rasle, of the Order of Jesuits. On that beauti- 
ful spot stood a village of Catholic Indians. Father Rasle, after 
thirty years of a devoted apostulate, was there murdered with many 
of the Indians, and his scalp and twenty-six Indian scalps were 
carried in triumph through the streets of Boston. It is needless to 
explain the reason. 

From the year 1724, the Indians, driven to the Penobscot, were 
visited at intervals by priests from Quebec. There were a few 
Acadians along the St. John's River, but at that time their territory 
belonged to New Brunswick. It was not until 1S22 that we find any 
number of Catholics in Portland. In that year forty-three Catholics 
of this town requested the Bishop of Boston to send them a priest, at 
leasl for a visit. All the Catholics of New England, and they were 
few in number, were at that time governed by the Rt. Rev. John 
Cheverus, then Bishop of Boston, afterwards Cardinal Archbishop of 
eaux. There were then only four priests in all New England, 
and one of them in Maine, the Rev. Denis Ryan, at YVhitefield. 
Bishop Cheverus visited Portland in 1822 and 1823. Father Ryan 
t ame from time to time, as also did the Rev. Father M'Namee from 
Boston. The second Bishop of Boston, the Rt. Rev. Benedict 
Joseph Fenwick, appointed as the first pastor of Portland and East- 
port the Rev. Charles Ffrench, a priest of the Order of Preachers, 
a child of the Warden of Galway, in Ireland. He, with his brother 
(neither over twelve years of age), had been driven out of their 
father's house by his own hand for having attended a midnight mass 
on Christmas, contrary to the Protestant father's wishes. One 
brother died the Catholic Bishop of Galway; the other, Charles, was 
the first pastor of Portland. Even now the aged residents of Port- 
land delight to tell of the genial and gentle manners which made 
Father Ffrench a universal favorite, in spite of the prejudices of 

-e days. 

In commencing his labors here, there was little to encourage a 
priest. In Portland no church; not two hundred Catholics in iSj; . 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 133 

and from Portland to Eastport, one church in Whitefield, another in 
Damariscotta, with small congregations, and the two chapels for the 
Indians — at Oldtown, on the Penobscot, and at Pleasant Point, on 
the Passamaquoddy Bay. Eastport, as well as Portland, owes its 
first church to the exertions of Father Ffrench. The first mass in 
Portland was celebrated on Fore street, in the house of Nicholas 
Shea. The house stood between Exchange and Plum streets. 
When Bishop Fenwick came, in 1827, mass was celebrated in the 
Museum on Market square, a hall now used as a band room. The 
Catholics of Portland, in 1829, were not wealthy nor numerous, but 
"there were giants in those days " — giants of courage and generosity. 
A room, a hall of temporary occupation, became a burden. " We 
must have a church," was the cry. Few and poor as they were, only 
one hundred and fifty, and surrounded by a people hostile to their 
religion, this was their common thought and desire — a church. 

In those days it was difficult, almost dangerous, to show a kind 
face or fair dealing to Catholics. All honor and gratitude then to 
the memory of Mr. John Fox of Portland, who was just enough and 
brave enough to despise a feeling and conduct so unworthy of 
Americans, and to sell to the Catholics the land on which St. 
Dominic's church now stands, and to enhance the sale by a hand- 
some donation. Commenced in 1829, the little church, though un- 
finished, was occupied for service in 1830. In November of that 
year Bishop Fenwick again visited Portland, and, in the unfinished 
church, administered confirmation. But at last, on August n, 1833, 
a day of triumph, the church was dedicated to God, under the invo- 
cation of St. Dominic, the saintly founder of the order to which 
Father Ffrench belonged. The ceremony was not grand nor impos- 
ing. Besides the Bishop and Father Ffrench, there were present only 
two other clergymen, Fathers Wiley and M'Namee. The Catholics, 
when they commenced their church, were only one hundred and fifty 
in number, and on the day of the dedication there were barely three 
hundred all told. 

The day of dedication was August nth, a day of sad memory 
to the gentle, learned, and zealous Bishop Fenwick. One year 
afterwards, and on that same day, a ruthless mob burned the Ursuline 
convent, established by him in Charlestown, the frightened nuns and 
their pupils fleeing for their lives in the night. It was a dark night 



134 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

a dark page in history, which we would willingly forget, more 
especially on a day like this. On that same day also, Aug. n, 1846, 
the illustrious prelate, who never seemed able to forget that cruel 
wrong, yielded up his long-suffering soul to God. 

The church once occupied, the regular ministrations of religion 
began, and from that time you, brethren of the laity, have also a 
history and an example not to be forgotten. While Father Ffrench 
was oscillating in his missionary labors between the two extremities 
of the diocese, the Catholics of Portland were often without mass or 
instruction on the Sabbath. Was the day spent, as it is now spent by 
many, in idleness and all its attendant consequences ? Far from it. 
A printer, John Crease by name, a man of earnest yet humble faith, 
inaugurated the practice of public prayers and appropriate religious 
reading to supply for the absence of the priest and the want of 
mass. His example and words, led to the faith and to a co-operation 
in this work, a young man of Acton, Maine, Joshua B. Young. The 
latter in years after was made not only a priest, but the first Bishop 
of Erie, Pennsylvania, yet he never forgot nor neglected the man 
who had been his guiding angel to the faith. In his old age John 
Crease found a home with his early convert. "Lovely and comely in 
their life, even in death they were not divided." — 2 Kings i, 23. 

Father Ffrench continued in charge of Portland until 1839. He 
was succeeded by several younger priests, such as the Rev. Patrick 
Flood in 1839, Rev. Patrick O'Beirne in 1841, Rev. James Powers in 
1844. Rev. James Maguire in 1S46, and John O'Donnell in 1850. 
After the death of Father Maguire, which occurred in 1850, Portland 
was visited by several priests, such as the Rev. James O'Reilly, from 
Whitefield, and the Rev. Ambrose Manahan and Rev. John M'Cabe 
of Boston. 

in 1848 the church had been lengthened by thirty feet. A 
sanctuary of wood was subsequently added. St. Dominic's, under 
the Rev. John O'Donnell, continued to be the only church in Portland 
until the appointment and arrival of the first bishop. At that time 
Rev. Eugene Muller succeeded Father O'Donnell as pastor, and 
under his administration the church, venerable for its associations, 
was remodelled, galleries were built within and the tower and spire 
without. 

Put now came a new era for Portland. On March 25, 1855, after 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 135 

several attempts at obtaining a bishop, the Rev. David William 
Bacon, for many years a distinguished priest of the Diocese of New 
York, but resident as pastor in Brooklyn, was consecrated as the first 
Bishop of Portland. The diocese comprised Maine and New Hamp- 
shire. Owing to various difficulties he was not able to come to 
Portland until the month of May. On the 31st of that month he 
was formally introduced and enthroned by the illustrious John Ber- 
nard Fitzpatrick, Bishop of Boston, to whose diocese Maine and 
New Hampshire had hitherto belonged. Gratefully do we recall the 
fact that Judge Preble, who in 1833 had entertained Bishop Fen wick 
and the clergy at the dedication of the church of St. Dominic, again 
opened his hospitable doors to the two bishops and clergy in 1855. 
Peace to his memory ! Henceforward our history in Portland is an 
open page to the present generation. The new bishop soon infused 
a new life into the clergy and people. 

In 1850 the number of Catholics was only one thousand five 
hundred. In 1861 there were only three thousand, so that in 1855 
there could not have been more than two thousand, and yet the 
Bishop in 1856 began the acquisition of the present cathedral 
property; built the cathedral chapel on the present location of the 
same; in 1864 he introduced the Sisters of Notre Dame from Mon- 
treal for the education of girls; on December 8, 1865, he opened the 
parochial school at St. Dominic's, and on May 31, 1866, eleven years 
after his installation, he laid the corner-stone of this cathedral. All 
seemed to promise a happy increase, welcomed by the best wishes 
of our fellow-citizens, when, on the memorable July 4, 1866, came 
that fearful conflagration, which Portland has reason to remember 
and deplore. Of the cathedral property nothing was left. In a few 
hours, the chapel, the episcopal residence, the Sisters' house and 
academy, with nearly all they contained, had been consumed. 

It was a day of sorrow for thousands in Portland ; a day of 
calamity so crushing to Catholic interests that a man of less courage 
and energy than the first Bishop of Portland would have sunk under 
the blow. But he knew no fear, and never lost hope. " I can do all 
things in Him who strengthens me." — Phil, iv, 13. Assembling 
his people, first in a shed on the Grand Trunk wharf, then in a shed 
built where the Kavanagh school stands, he at once set to work to 
rebuild the cathedral chapel, and such was his energy that at 



136 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Christmas of the same year the chapel was dedicated, and the new 
residence, together with St. Aloysius' school, on Congress street, 
were ready for occupation before the winter's snow was gone. The 
Sisters returned, and the schools were opened in 1867, and in April, 
1868, work was resumed on the cathedral. 

The Bishop himself was foremost in soliciting help for his 
cathedral, both within and without the diocese, and in Sept. 8, 1870, 
the Catholics of Portland witnessed the grand church ceremony of 
the dedication of their cathedral, under the title of the Immaculate 
Conception of the Blessed Virgin, Mother of God. Eight prelates 
and seventy-five priests were present. The Rev. Isaac T. Hecker of 
New York, to whom the Catholics of America owe so much, was the 
preacher. Their fellow-citizens of Portland heartily sympathized 
with the joy and pride of the Catholics, and all again promised a 
long rest to the weary Bishop, his clergy and his people, when on the 
very night after the dedication, while the attendant visitors were con- 
gratulating the Bishop on the event of the day, a fearful wind 
prostrated the lofty spire of the cathedral. Fortunately no lives 
were lost. 

The blow w r as a cruel one to the jubilant prelate ; but again he 
proved himself equal to the emergency, and with renewed energy he 
set to work to repair the disaster. The ruins were rapidly cleared 
away, and very soon the loftiest spire of the city crowned the finest 
church in the State of Maine. 

St. Elizabeth's Orphan Asylum on Free street was the next enter- 
prise of the unwearied Bishop ; no, not unwearied, but still never 
allowing himself a rest. His health was already broken. For years 
he had been a martyr to cruel and almost constant suffering amount- 
ing to agony ; and yet, besides his physician, not even his most 
intimate friends were allowed to know that he was suffering. Under 
these circumstances he undertook his last journey to Rome in June, 
[87 |, in company with his life-long friend, the late illustrious Cardinal 
McCloskey, Archbishop of New York. He was not able to reach 
Rome. On landing at Brest, in France, he entered a hospital. 
When the Cardinal returned from Rome, the dying Bishop had him- 
self carried on board the same vessel. He was spared to reach New 
York. A votive altar in the grand cathedral of that city was erected 
by his Eminence in gratitude for that blessing. In a few hours 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 137 

after his arrival, on the 5th of November, 1874, the zealous Bishop, 
worn out with labors, yet ever trustful in the God who had sustained 
him, passed to his reward. " Truly a prince and a great man (died) 
that day in Israel." 2 Kings iii, 38. He had created a Diocese ; he 
had overcome difficulties, many and in appearance insuperable ; and 
in death he had left to his successor the grateful task of preserv- 
ing what was perfected and of finishing what had been so well begun. 

Of the subsequent history in Portland but little need be said. On 
June 2, 1875, after twenty-one years of pastoral labor in Boston, I was 
consecrated the second Bishop of Portland, and charged with con- 
tinuing the good work begun by Bishop Bacon. My labor has been 
principally one of organization. It has pleased the providence of 
God to give an unexpected success to my efforts. The new Diocese 
of Manchester, embracing all New Hampshire, has been cut off from 
Maine. In Portland has been erected the Kavanagh school, called 
after a benefactress and family of whom Maine is proud, and to whom 
Portland should be grateful. The Convent School and Hospital for 
Aged Women has been established at Deering; the greater number 
of our orphans for health's sake have been placed at Whitefield ; 
the new presbytery at St. Dominic's procured ; Calvary Cemetery 
increased, regularized, beautified ; the Conferences of St. Vincent de 
Paul established for the care of the poor, and one-half of Little 
Diamond Island secured for the future wants of our orphans. And 
now on this memorable day so interesting to our country when we 
commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the settlement of our 
beautiful city, Catholics have also their particular history, and 
especial reasons for gratitude to God and affection for their fellow- 
citizens. 

In 1822 we were 43 in number ; in 1833,300; in 1861,3,000; in 
1866 were 6,000, and today we are about 9,000. A marvellous and 
reliable increase ! Look back twenty years and contrast the black- 
ened ruins of that day with what you see around you now. Remem- 
ber the trials and sacrifices of your predecessors in the faith ; 
remember the kind feeling, the generous help, the cordial sympathy 
of our fellow-citizens, and let us be grateful to God and to them. Let 
us endeavor to further the common weal of our State and city by the 
practice of Christian virtues and by patriotic devotion. While our 
cathedral and its surroundings are a just cause of congratulation to 



138 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

ourselves and to our city, let our fellow-citizens bear in mind that in 
our schools we have one thousand children, whose education costs 
the city nothing. We have likewise our Orphan Asylum and Home 
for Aged Women, the ministry to the poor by the Sisters of Mercy 
and the Conferences of St. Vincent de Paul. Forget not what you 
represent ; not simply this community of Catholics and its history of 
little over half a century ; but the Church of old, the Church which 
made Christians of the Abenaki before Portland was founded; the 
Church which came again to these shores with Columbus, whereupon 
she had planted the cross ages before by the hands of her children of 
the North. We are not of yesterday here or elsewhere. As Catholics 
we have a prior claim to be here as citizens. We ask but our just 
and equal rights as declared and secured by the Catholic colony of 
Maryland, the pioneers of liberty of conscience in America. This 
glory belongs to them alone. We have praised our fathers in the 
faith, in their generation. Let us remember their unflinching faith 
and earnest zeal, when the name of Catholic was like a badge of 
ignominy in our town. And now when a brighter day has dawned 
and a more generous feeling prevails toward that old, old faith 
delivered to the fathers and preserved by the children, let it be our 
main effort to keep and transmit it in our turn ; to show ourselves 
good citizens "living soberly, justly, piously," (Titus ii, 12), "provid- 
ing, as the apostle tells us, good things not only in the sight of God, 
but also in the sight of all men." — Rom. xii, 17. 



THE PORTLAND SOCIETY OF THE NEW JERUSALEM. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. HOWARD C. DUNHAM. 
"Ask now of the days that are past." — Deuteronomy, iv, 32. 
Our beloved city is in the act of celebrating its hundredth birth- 
day. It is now just a century since this neck of land, jutting into 
the waters of I isco Bay, on which stands this beautiful Forest City, 
was for administrative purposes detached from the old town of 
Falmouth, and incorporated under the name of Portland. One 
hundred years in the life of an active, progressive community 
covers a vast amount of local history. In this respect, our city is no 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 139 

exception, and as a prominent, and not unimportant feature of the 
celebration now in progress. It is proposed to gather into a 
permanent and available form many of the loose historic threads 
running through Portland's life, during the by-gone century. 

Accordingly, in response to the invitation extended by the centen- 
nial committee, " to the pastors of the city, to prepare in the form 
of an historical discourse, to be delivered in their churches, on 
Sunday morning, July 4th, a sketch of their several societies," I 
have endeavored to arrange in a simple and concise form, the more 
important events in the history of the "Portland Society of the New 
Jerusalem." The whole history of this society, as in fact, of all the 
religious bodies in the city, except two, is comprised in the period 
under review. 

The doctrine of the New Church appear to have been first intro- 
duced into Maine at Bath in the year 1805, by the Rev. Dr. Jenks, 
the distinguished author of the once popular Comprehensive 
Commentary, who, in that year, came from the neighborhood of 
Boston, as the pastor of a Congregational society. 

In 18 1 2, Mr. John Savels, a paper manufacturer, and a full 
receiver of the new doctrine, came to Gardiner from Dorchester, 
Massachussetts. In the early part of the winter of 1825, the 
heavenly doctrine first began to be disseminated in Portland. About 
that time, Dr. Timothy Little, of this place, a man of rare intelligence 
and an able and leading physician and surgeon, became interested 
in the doctrine of the New Church. 

The first one whom Dr. Little succeeded in interesting, was Dr. 
Albus Rea, a brother physician. 

Dr. Rea, who had an extensive practice, and who was gifted with 
more than ordinary conversational ability, was in turn, most active 
in spreading a knowledge of the doctrine. Among those who 
received their first favorable impressions of the new doctrine from 
him were his mother, Mrs. Sarah Rea, of Windham, one of the 
original members of this society, Mr. Andrews, of Bridgton, and 
our well-known brother, Oliver Gerrish, still hale and hearty, and 
retaining his faculties in wonderful vigor, though now well advanced 
on his ninety-first year. 

In the summer of 1826, at the suggestion of Dr. Little, these four 
men, Dr. Little, Dr. Rea, Mr. Oliver Gerrish and Mr. John L. 



140 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Megquire began to meet on Sabbath evenings, at each others houses 
to read and converse about the new doctrine. Mr. Megquire being 
unmarried, and so having no house, the meetings were held in 
rotation, at the houses of the other three. They however did not 
long meet alone. Others soon attended. Four young men, Aimer 
Lowell. William Senter, J. Champney were apprentices with Mr. 
Gerrish, and Leonard Whitney. They embraced the doctrine, and 
attended the conversational meetings. These meetings continued to 
be more fully attended, and there was a gradual accession of 
numbers, until it was thought expedient to hold public meetings. 
Among those who had become interested, we find the nam< 

in Seavey, benjamin C. Fernald, Arthur M. Small, Joshua 
Emery and his son, our highly esteemed citizen Daniel F. Emery. 
New Church books in those days were scarce, and very costly, and 
the efforts of that little company to obtain them, form a not 
uninteresting episode in the history of the church. Those early 
receivers also met with great opposition from the surrounding 
community, but the}' were strong and earnest men, not to be deterred 
in what they had undertaken, from a heartfelt and rational conviction 
of duty. They bravely pushed on regardless of obstacles. Until 
1829, they went on Sunday mornings to the various churches, with 
which they had been connected, but having determined to hold 
Sunday services of their own, they secured the vestry of the 
Chestnut Street Church, which then fronted on Cumberland street, 
where the double brick house now stands between Chestnut and 
Myrtle streets. When we remember the odium that attended the 
new doctrine, this kindly action of a Methodist society in permitting 
the use of their building by that little band of New Church 
worshipers will seem specially deserving of grateful recognition. 
The first public New Church service in Portland was accordingly 
held in the Cumberland street vestry, of the Chestnut Street 
Methodist Society on a Sabbath morning in June. [829, Dr. Little 
conducted the service and read a discourse. Our esteemed friend 
and brother, ex-mayOI Senter, acted as usher or sexton, assisted 
possibly by the late Mr. Abner Lowell, a name to be affectionately 
cherished by this society. Of that Cumberland street congregation 
aput from Mr. Senter, Mr. and Mrs. Gerrish and Mr. Daniel F. 
Emery are probably the only surviving members. For two years the 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 141 

services were continued by an informal arrangement. By common 
consent Dr. Little was the leader, and he occasionally preached 
sermons of his own. The society was permanently organized August 
21, 1 83 1. Rev. Thomas Worcester, of Boston officiated, and was 
attended by four of the leading members of his society. At its 
institution, the Portland society numbered thirteen members, twelve 
of whom were then baptized. It may be well to here give the 
names of the original members. They are Timothy Little and 
Elizabeth his wife, Oliver and Sarah Gerrish, Samuel and Pamela 
Coleman, Albus Rea, Ebenezer Mason, William Hunnewell, Sarah 
Rea, of Windham, and Misses Mary G. Walker, Lydia Sawyer and 
Martha Freeman. This was the year before Portland exchanged 
its town government for that of a city. The population was about 
twelve thousand. 

Between the years 183 1 and 1837 the society was occasionally 
visited by ministers of the New Church, among wbom were Rev. 
Messrs. Samuel and Henry A. Worcester, and the Rev. Warren 
Goddard. In the year 1833 the Rev. Henry A. Worcester alternated 
between Portland, Bath and Gardiner, preaching several Sundays in 
succession at each place. The society continued to worship in the 
Cumberland street vestry till the summer of 1836, when, being unable 
to use that longer, permission was granted them to hold services in 
the United States court-room, which was then on the corner of Con- 
gress and Myrtle streets. In August of that year the parish was 
incorporated under the laws of the State with the name of " The 
First New Jerusalem Society of Portland," and soon after land was 
purchased on Congress street, nearly opposite Locust street, on 
which to build a house of worship. An edifice was erected in the 
spring of 1837, and was dedicated on the 26th of August at the 
second meeting of the Maine Association, the Rev. Thomas Wor- 
cester, of Boston, preaching the dedicatory sermon. Soon after, the 
Rev. Joseph Pettee, who recently officiated at the installation of your 
pastor, preached six Sabbaths. In November, 1837, the Rev. Henry 
Akin Worcester, cousin of Rev. Thomas Worcester, of Boston, a 
graduate of Yale, was engaged to preach for the society. He was 
afterward invited to become pastor, but did not accept, although he 
continued in the service of the society till his early removal to the 
Jerusalem above, on the 24th of May, 1S41. 



142 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

In 1843 the Rev. James Scott was engaged, and he remained until 
1845, when failing health compelled him to relinquish preaching. 
Rev. Joshua O. Cobburn succeeded him for a year, and the following 
year Rev. T. D. Sturtivant was minister. In 1847 the society was 
without a pastor. Dr. Little was again the leader, and occasionally 
Rev. Mr. Dike of Bath officiated for them. In 1849 the society was 
deprived of the earthly services of its most worthy founder and 
leader. Dr. Timothy Little. He passed from earth on the 27th of 
mber, at the age of seventy-three years. He was the son of 
Paul Little, a silversmith of some celebrity, who, before the Revolu- 
tionary war, had his shop on the corner of Middle and King (now 
India) streets. He was educated at Exeter Academy, and probably 
had Daniel Webster as one of his school-fellows. Afterwards he 
studied for the orthodox ministry with Rev. Mr. Stone of Windham. 
Ik- was led to relinquish the pursuit of theology for that of medicine. 
He studied first with Dr. Hubbard of South Berwick, then at Cam- 
bridge and Boston, and finally at Dartmouth College. For several 
years he practiced at New Gloucester, and became somewhat noted 
for his ability, insomuch that young men were desirous to study with 
him. Finally he came to Portland, and was not long in taking rank 
among the leading physicians and surgeons in this metropolis of the 
State, lie was a plain, unassuming man, of few words except when 
some use was to be performed by what he said. But he pos- 
sessed a strength and depth of character, an originality of mind as 
well as a clearness and keenness of insight which marked him among 
his fellows as a really great and noble man. 

In 1850 attention was directed to Mr. Wm. B. Hayden of New 
York. Mr. Hayden was invited to Portland to lecture, which he did 
with great acceptance. Having determined to enter the ministry, he 
was invited to become pastor of the society, which he accepted, and 
irdained at the convention in Boston in June. 1851, being pre- 
sented on behalf of the Portland Society by Messrs. Oliver Gerrish 
and Henry H. Hay. 

In June, 1854, the general convention of the New Church in 
America met with the Portland Society in Lancaster Hall, as the 
church was not sufficiently large. In 1864 Mr. Hayden resigned to 
accept a call to Cincinnati, but he returned to Portland the following 
year, and was soon at work for his former parish. The society were 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 143 

favored in his absence with the services of the late Rev. Thomas 
Peckham Rodman. 

Rev. Mr. Hayden was hardly back when an event occurred of 
appalling magnitude. By that terrible fire which took place twenty 
years ago to-night, not only was the church with all its contents 
burned, but every family of the society, save six, were suddenly 
deprived of house, home and all their possessions. But the church 
and its work went on. Religious services were held in private par- 
lors, and afterward in the Park Street Church, which was most kindly 
loaned Sunday afternoons to the society. 

In April, 1867, the corner-stone was laid of the church in which 
we are now assembled. Anticipating the need of a larger church 
and in a different quarter of the city, this fine building spot was 
purchased and presented to the society by the young people. 

For several months previous to coming into the new church the 
services were held in the Mechanics' library room. This commodious 
edifice was dedicated Wednesday afternoon, April 22, 1868, the Rev. 
Mr. Hayden preaching the dedicatory sermon. In 1876 Rev. Mr. 
Hayden resigned. 

In the autumn of 1877 Mr. Julian K. Smyth was invited to the 
pastorate of this society. He accepted, and spent here five years of 
hard and useful work. Mr. Smyth was followed by the Rev. Thomas 
A. King of Baltimore, who remained here two years. The present 
pastor, the Rev. Howard C. Dunham, came in November, 1885, and 
was installed on the 2d of May of the present year. 

Let me in closing express the fervent hope that a hundred years 
hence when Portland celebrates the second centennial of her history 
the New Church will not be represented by a single, struggling 
organization, but that there will be a general and loving recognition 
of that glorious city, which the apostle saw in spirit, descending from 
God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband, 
New Jerusalem, the city of the soul, the bride and wife of the Lamb. 

SECOND ADVENT. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. W. H. MITCHELL. 

We will call your attention to the origin of this people in this city. 
Prior to the year 1839 n0 such sect as Second Adventists was known 



144 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

in the City of Portland. All of Second Adventism then was found 
in the then existing religious denominations. About this time 
William Miller, a plain farmer of So. Hampton, N. Y., came to 
Portland and began a course of lectures on the second coming of 
Christ, in the Casco Street Church. These lectures were given 
between the i ith and 23d of March, 1840. In 1842 Mr. Miller gave 
another course of lectures. This church was then first composed of 
members from different churches. For a time two meetings of this 
body were supported, one on Congress street and the other where we 
now meet (at Union Hall), when it was deemed that the two should 
unite in one. The church members number one hundred and 
eighteen, and there is an interesting Sunday-school. Five religious 
meetings are held weekly; two preaching services are held on each 
Sunday, and a Friday evening prayer-meeting is held. The pastors 
of the church have been Brethren L. F. Stockman, I. R. Gates, L. 
Osier, O. R. Fassett, N. Harvey, B. B. Morgan, R. R. York, E. A. 
Stockman, Frank Burr, and the present one, W. H. Mitchell. 



HEBREW, CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY THE PRESIDENT, BARNARD AARONSON. 

I beg to thank the committee on Sunday services, for extending 
an invitation to our church, to participate in an historical discourse 
pertaining to the rise and progress of religion during the past 
century in the City of Portland. As president of the "Hebrew 
Congregation." "Sharith Israel " as a devout follower of the faith, 
and a citizen of our city for the past twenty years, I hope t he- 
observations I here note, may be of some value in records of the 
future, and awaken some interest in the present amongst those who 
not watched closely the movements of '•Judaism*' in their 
midst. A quarter of a century ago, there was no representative of 
the Jewish Church in your city. In 1866 or 1867, several families 
pitched their tents here, and who by frugal habits, honest efforts 
and application to their various vocations, soon succeded in 
accumulating some earthly treasures, until today they number 
amongst them various merchants and professionals, who are rated 
financially, as well as some of our most important citizens. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 145 

The form of religion is Orthodox, and yet thoroughly liberal in 
thought and action. As a class, the Portland "Sons of Israel" 
compares more than favorably with the Hebrew of other cities. He 
willingly obeys the laws as prescribed by our city fathers, is anxious 
to promote the welfare of the city in his way, humble though it may 
be. I feel that he may be called a law abiding citizen, in all that 
phrase implies. Our synagogue at present, while not elaborate, is 
impressive, and on Saturday morning, our Sabbath, service is con- 
ducted by a competent rabbi, and the Word of God is uttered and 
re-echoed by willing and earnest mouths. 

Our various holidays and fast-days are celebrated with all the care 
and spiritual feeling that characterizes our cosmopolitan cities, 
with its crowded synagogues and inspired divines. We number 
some sixty families, and over the major portion being of the middle 
or poorer class, yet content with their lot, and always ready and 
willing to lend a helping hand to the old or infirm, the struggling or 
the unfortunate. 

I may also say, we have purchased (some ten years ago) a tract 
of land in Cape Elizabeth, to be used for a burial plot ; it is kept in 
good condition, so that when the time arrives to be called to Him, 
the surviving ones can properly and feelingly place their loved ones in 
their final home, near at hand. I hope I have given utterance to no 
fulsome praise. I have endeavored to note facts, as I have observed 
and fully believe. I know I can safely say in behalf of my 
co-religionists, that our city fathers have in the past fully merited 
the good will and affectionate esteem in which they are held by us. 

We sincerely hope nothing will occur in the future to mar the 
harmonious feeling now existing between the denominations; we are 
all "branches of one tree." May the next "centennial celebration" 
show as much marked progress as the present has over the past, 
and may our children be proud of the efforts of their fathers and 
say: "In the past we live." 



10 



146 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

FIRST EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. 

BY THE PASTOR, GEORGE A. T. RVOH. 

"Then went King David in and sat before the Lord and he said, who am I 
O Lord God? and what is my house that thou hast brought me hitherto? — II 
Samuel, vii, iS. 

In 1874, the Rev. O. Jund, then of New York City, visited 
Portland, and organized the First Evangelical Lutheran Church. A 
call was issued to Rev. N. Ellestad, who accepted and began his 
pastoral work in September of the same year. The congregation 
assembled for religious services in Mechanics hall, and later in 
Scandinavian hall. 

Two lots on Elm street were purchased, and church building com- 
pleted in 1877. Rev Ellestad labored assiduously for the gathering 
in of the Scandinavians, and his pastorate was signally blessed. In 
the spring of 1880 he resigned. His successor was the Rev. K. G. 
Faegre, who entered upon his duties in September, 1880. During 
his pastorate, 1883, the church was formally dedicated to the service 
of the Divine God. He labored with zeal until July, 1884, when 
he was compelled, on account of ill-health, to resign. 

September 21, 1884, the present pastor was installed. The 
congregation has had its share of difficulties to meet, one of which 
has been a heavy debt, this, however, is now considerably reduced. 
There is now a voting membership of one hundred and ten. The 
congregation is composed principally of Danes, Norwegians, emigrants 
from German-Schlesvig, Holstein, and Swedes. Divine services are 
conducted alternately in the Norwegian and English languages. 



GOSPEL MISSION. 

BY THE REV. SAMUEL F. PEARSON. 

There was no centennial sermon at this Mission July 4th. 
Rev. Mr. Pearson having closed his connection with the same 
on May 9th. At his request, the editor published some statistics of 
the work of the Mission, taken from an address delivered by Mr. 
Pearson on Sunday May 9, 1S86. The Mission was established in 
May, 1878, and has continued prosperous up to the present time. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 147 

During the past year, 1885-86, 1,353 visits have been made upon the 
sick, dying, destitute and neglected ; one thousand and one hundred 
names added to the pledge. Connected with the Mission are a 
sewing-circle, Sunday-school and a children's temperance meeting. 
Receipts for the year, paid, $2,269. Payments, $2,267.45. 

During the eight years Mr. Pearson has been connected with the 
Mission, he has conducted 5,408 services, preached 3,744 sermons, 
and as a result 3,200 souls have been forward to the altar for 
prayers, over 9,000 names have been added to the pledge, over 
300,000 persons have attended the services, many who never attend 
any other place of worship. More than 8,000 pounds of provisions 
have been distributed, 2,200 pieces of wearing apparel provided, and 
about $2,100 paid through the Mission for charity. Mr. Pearson 
has conducted 107 funeral services, and united 91 couples in the 
bonds of matrimony ; baptized by immersion 186 converts. The 
value of this work to the city cannot be estimated by dollars and 
cents, for the Mission doors have been open every evening of the 
year, thus offering to the weary, downcast, sin-sick soul an oppor- 
tunity to spend the time surrounded by the best influences. 



FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

BY THE PASTOR, REV. J. R. CROSSER. 

The need of a Presbyterian church in this city has been for several 
years very sensibly felt by Presbyterians from Scotland, North of 
Ireland and the Dominion of Canada. This need became imperative 
to them, as they saw their kinsmen rapidly drifting into indifference 
about religion. But how to gather in these wandering "sheep of the 
house of Israel" was the question that remained unanswered until 
Rev. A. K. Baird, Superintendent of Missions in New England, 
visited them to consider the advisability of having a church of their 
fathers planted in Portland. As a result of this visit and meetings 
that were held then, and at subsequent times, a paper was drawn up 
signed by sixty-eight persons, petitioning the Boston Presbytery to 
organize a Presbyterian church in Portland, Maine. After due 
deliberation the Presbytery sent a commission consisting of Rev. 



148 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

C. C. Wallace, n. D., Rev. V. A. Lewis, and Elder Gilchrist, with 
power, if the way be clear to organize a church. The commissioners 
after visiting Portland deemed it wise to grant the request of the 
petitioners, and on May 3, 1885, they and the congregation 
assembled in the Library hall of the Mechanics building, and 
organized the First Presbyterian Church in Portland, Maine, with 
twenty-seven members. Three of this number, Messrs. Kenneth 
McDonald, Allen McKinnon and Donald Green were elected ruling 
elders. The parish on the seventeenth of May secured the services 
of Rev. John R. Crosser, of Union Theological Seminary. New York 
City, as stated supply, and in that capacity lie has served them since. 
Since the organization of the church, it has not only labored for 
the advancement of Christ's kingdom in this city, but has contributed 
to the boards of the Presbyterian church. It has maintained a Steady 
growth until its present membership is ninety-two. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 149 



SUNDAY SERVICES AT CITY HALL. 



The Committee on Sunday Services prepared the 
following programme for the afternoon services of July 
4th: 

1786 PORTLAND'S 1886 

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, 




SUNDAY JULY 4th, 1886, 
AT CITY HALL. 

Afternoon Service, 2.30 o'clock. 



Addresses by Rev. Elijah Kellogg and Rev. Wm. H. Fenn, D. D. 



Music by State Street and First Parish Church Choirs. 
Hermann Kotzschmar, Conductor. 



GEORGE C. BURGESS, Esq., Presiding. 



ORDER OF EXERCISES. 

INTRODUCTION. 
Hon. Charles J. Chapman, Mayor. 

CHURCH PSALMODY DURING THE CENTURY. 
George C. Burgess, Esq. 

CORONATION. 
[Composed by Oliver Holden, Mass., about the year 1786.] 
All hail the power of Jesus' name I Let every kindred, every, tribe, 

Let angels prostrate fall : On this terrestrial ball 

Bring forth the royal diadem, To Him all majesty ascribe, 

And crown Him Lord of all. And crown Him Lord of all. 

(Sung by the Congregation.) 



150 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

INVOCATION. 

REV. FRANK T. 1SAYLEY . 

EASTER ANTHEM. 
[By William Billings, 1770.] 
The Lord is risen indeed, Hallelujah. 
Now is Christ risen from the dead, 
And become the first fruits of them that slept. 
And did he rise. Hear, O ye nations. 
Hear it, O ye dead. 
He rose, He burst the bars of death, 
And triumphed o'er the grave. 

Then I rose, then first humanity triumphant past the crystal ports of light! 
And seized eternal youth. Man all immortal, hail, Heaven all lavish of strange 
gifts to man. 
Thine all the glory, man's the boundless bliss. 

{Sung by Double Choir.) 

Mrs. Nettie Fellows, Mrs. Warren P. Chase, Mrs. Jennie K. Morrison, Miss Etta 

Rice, Messrs. Samuel Thurston, Will Stockbridge, John B. Coyle and John 

L. Shaw. Mr. Hermann Kotzschmar, Director and Organist. 

SHERBURNE. 

[Tune by Daniel Read, horn in Rehoboth, Mass.. IT.'.T.] 
While shepherds watched their flocks by night, 

All seated on the ground, 
The Angel of the Lord came down, 

And glory shone around. 

(Sunn- by Choir.) 
SCRIPTURE READING— 90TH psalm. 

REV. HENRY HLANCHARD. 

M \JKSTY. 
[Tune i>y William Billings, born in Boston, .Mass.. 1740.] 
The Lord descended from above, 

And bowed the heavens most high, 
And underneath his feet he cast 

The darkness of the sky. 
On cherubim and seraphim 

Full royally he rode, 
And on the wings of mighty winds 
Came (lying all abroad. 

! hij Choir.) 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 151 

MOUNT VERNON. 
[Composed on the death of Gen. Washington — 1799 — by Jenks.] 

What solemn sound the air invades? 
From heav'n the awful mandate flies. 
Where shall our country turn her eye ? 
Our Friend, Protector, Strength and Trust, 
Lies low and mouldering in the dust. 
{Sung by Choir.) 

PRAYER. 

REV. A. K. P. SMALL, D. D. 

RESPONSE — CHANT. 
[By Lowell Mason, bom in Mansfield, Mass., 1792.] 

Thy will be done. Thy will be done. 

In devious way the hurrying stream of If o'er us shine a gladd'ning and prosper- 

life may run ; ous sun, 

Yet still our grateful hearts shall say This prayer will make it more divine — 

Thy will be done. Thy will be done. 

Thy will be done. 

Though shrouded o'er our path with gloom, 

One comfort, one is ours, to breathe while we adore, 

Thy will be done. 

ADDRESS — Religious Worship Early in the Century. 

REV. ELIJAH KELLOGG. 

ANTHEM — JEHOVAH'S PRAISE. 
[By John E. Gould, 1846.] 

Jehovah's praise in high immortal strains 
Resound ye heavens thro' all your blissful plains. 
His glorious power O radiant sun display 
Far as thy vital beams diffuse the day. 

Thou silver moon arrayed in softer light, 
Recount his wonders to the listening night. 
Let all thy glittering train attendant wait, 
And every star his Maker's name repeat. 

Ye glorious angels, tune the raptured lay, 
Through the fair mansions of eternal day. 
His praise let all their shining ranks proclaim, 
And teach the distant worlds your Maker's name. 
Bright with the splendor of his dazzling rays, 
Exalted realms of joy reflect his praise. 



152 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

TALLIS EVENING HYMN SERVICE. 

Bj George P. Root, born In Sheffield, Mass., 1820.] 

He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most high, shall abide under the 

shadow of the Almighty. 
I will say of the Lord, He is my Refuge and my Fortress, my God, in Him will I 
trust. 
11 cover thee with his feathers, and under His wings Shalt thou trust. 

PEABODY. 
[By II. K. Oliver, born in Beverly, Mass.. isoo.) 
M v ( '.od ! the spring of all my joys, The op'ning heavens around me shine, 

The life of my delights, With beams of sacred bliss, 

The glory of my brightest days, While Jesus shows His heart is mine, 

And comfort of my nights! And whispers — I am His. 

In darkest shades if he appear, Mj soul would leave this heavy clay, 

My dawning is begun ; At that transporting word ; 

He is my soul's sweet morning star, Run up with joy the shining way, 

And He my rising sun. T' embrace my dearest Lord. 

THE 1. 1 . A I TEOUS DAY. 
Bj George F. Root, born in Sheffield, .Mass.. 1820.] 
We are watching, we are waiting, We are watching, we are waiting, 

For the bright prophetic day, For the beauteous King of day ! 

When the shadows, weary shadows, For the chiefest of ten thousand, 

From the world shall roll away. For the Light, the Truth, the Way. 

REFRAIN — We are waiting, etc. 
Refrain. 

We are waiting for the morning, 

When the beauteous day is dawning; 
We are waiting for the morning, 

For the golden spires of day ; 
Lo ! He comes ! see the King draw near, 

Zion, shout, the Lord is here. 

ADDRESS — Religious Worship Later in the Century. 

REV. WILLIAM H. I KNN, D. D. 

DIVINE LOVE 
a by John Knowles Paine (of Harvard College), born ba Portland, 1839.] 

1 >ivine, all love excelling, Come, almighty to deliver, 
if heaven, to earth come d«>wu ' Let us all thy life ret 

Fix in ns thine humble dwelling; Suddenly return, and nevi 

All thy faithful mercies crown : Never more thy temples leave : 

thou art all compassion,— Thee we would be always blessing, 
Pure, unbounded love thou art; Serve thee as thy hosts a': 

Visit us, with thy salvation ; Pray, and praise thee without ceasing, 
Enter every trembling heart. Glory in thy perfect love. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 153 

SENTENCE. 

[By Edward Howe, jr. (Organist New York City.) Born in Portland, 1820.] 

The Lord is in his holy temple, The Lord is in his holy temple, let all the earth, 

let all the earth keep silence, before him. 
Let all the earth, let all the earth keep silence, keep silence before him, let all the 
earth, let all the earth keep silence, keep silence before him. 

ANTHEM — Benedic Anima Mea. 
[By G. W. Chadwick, born at Lowell, 1854.] 

Praise the Lord, O my soul ! O praise the Lord all ye his hosts ; 

And all that is within me praise his Ye servants of his that do his pleasure. 

holy name. O speak good of the Lord ; 

Praise the Lord, O my soul ; All ye works of his, in all places of his 
And forget not all his benefits. dominion. 

Who forgiveth all thy sin ; Praise thou the Lord ; 

And healeth all thine infirmities. Praise thou the Lord — O my soul. 

Who saveth thy life from destruction; Glory be to the Father, and to the Son; 

And crowneth thee with mercy and And to the Holy Ghost. 

loving kindness. As it was in the beginning, is now and 
O praise the Lord, ye angels of his, ever shall be ; 

ye that excel in strength ; World without end, Amen, Amen. 
Ye that fulfill his commandment, and 

hearken unto the voice of his word. 

BENEDICTION. 

REV. THOMAS HILL, D. D. 

A portion of the hall had been reserved for strangers 
and invited guests, to which admittance was given by 
tickets. 

The City Hall was thronged long before two o'clock, 
and at the time for beginning the programme it was 
difficult to find standing room. The exercises were of 
an extremely interesting character, and the audience 
remained for two hours and twenty minutes until their 
conclusion. City Clerk Burgess presided gracefully. 
His paper on "Church Psalmody During the Century," 
was a finished production. Much to the amusement of 
his listeners, an old pitch pipe, the property of the First 
Church in Worcester, Mass., was used to sound the key 
note for "Coronation," and the hymn was "lined out" 



154 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



by Mr. Burgess and sung by the audience. As each 
new hymn was sung interesting facts in the life of the 
composer were given. 

The address of Rev. Elijah Kellogg was listened to 
with peculiar interest, because he spoke from personal 
recollection. His quaint style was as pleasing as ever, 
and his anecdotes very enjoyable. At times he was 
fairly eloquent, especially when referring to the evils of 
liquor and slavery. 

The address of Dr. Fenn was an elegant essay, and 
occupied thirty minutes in its delivery. The singing 
by the double quartette was excellent, and several of the 
numbers were applauded. The members of the City 
Government and invited guests assembled in the Mayor's 
room, and promptly at 2.30 o'clock, with Alderman Marks 
as marshal, proceeded to the hall and occupied the seats 
on the platform. Besides members of the City Govern- 
ment, the following gentlemen had seats on the stage: 

Rev. John W. Chickering, Mass. Rev. John M. Lowden. 

Rev. Henry S. Burrage. Brown Thurston. 

Rev. Albion K. P. Small. Rev. J. G. Wilson. 

Rev. Frank T. Bayley. Rev. Sidney K. Perkins. 

Rev. Abiel H. Wright. Rev. J. B. Lapham. 

Rev. Francis Southworth. Rev. Thomas Hill. 

Rev. Ezra Tinker. Rev. Samuel I'. Pearson. 

Rev. Howard C. Dunham. Rev. J. C. Holliway. 

Rev. Henry Blanchard. Samuel R. Leavitt. 

Rev. Israel Levine. Edward A. Noyes. 

Woodbury S. Dana. Daniel K. Appli ton, New York. 

William I). Little. Joseph Brooks, Keunebunk. 

Mark P. Emery. Hon. Henrj I Gregg, Hudson, N. V. 

John M. Gould. Rev. Samuel Longfellow, Cambridge. 

Rev. Hugh S. Carpenter, Brooklyn, N.Y. John H. McDonough, Boston. 

Hon. Horatio King, Washington, I). C. Rev. John T. G. Nichols, Saco. 

Hon. John Lynch, Washington, D. C. Hon. [saa< II. Jack, St. John, N. B. 

Edward S. Morse, Salem. Hon. R. M. Richardson. 

Hon. Wm. W. Thomas. Hon. John \Y. Deering. 

lion. William Senter. Rev. Henry P. Winter. 

Hon. M. I'. King. Rev. (harks J. Clark. 

Henry H. Burgess. Solomon T. Corser, and others. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



155 



His Honor, the Mayor, then rose and spoke as 
follows : 

Ladies and Gentlemen : — 

We are gathered here today to inaugurate the celebration of the 
centennial anniversary of Portland. Following the faith and custom 
of our fathers, it is especially fitting that our exercises should begin 
upon this sacred day. First of all, should we assemble reverently, as 
a people in devout recognition and praise of Him, who has graciously 
guided us through all the changing vicissitudes of the past hundred 
years, into our present condition of moral welfare and prosperity. 
Imbued with this feeling, let us gratefully dedicate our re-union of 
joy, as a monument of love to the all-wise Giver, who has crowned 
our past with mercy and loving kindness, and vouchsafed our future 
in the eternal promises of His word. 

George C. Burgess, Esq., read his paper on "Church 
Psalmody During the Century." He said: 

ADDRESS OF GEORGE C. BURGESS, ESQ. 

No history of religious worship in Portland would be complete 
without an account of church psalmody, which forms so important 
a part of the worship in our churches. Before, and at the time 
when Portland, as a part of Falmouth, was first settled in 1723, the 
cultivation of music was neglected, and the congregations throughout 
New England were rarely able to sing more than five tunes. Although 
at first, music was sedulously cultivated in New England, and even 
taught in the college, yet in their new homes, where all kinds of 
care for mere existence visited them, and troubles, religious and 
political followed in rapid succession, the colonists found little time 
to keep up their scant knowledge of church music, and children 
grew up without knowing how to sing the simplest tune by note. 
The few melodies sung became corrupted until no two individuals 
sang alike. Every melody was changed to suit the taste of the 
singer, until their psalms were uttered in a medley of confused and 
disorderly noises. 

A writer of that time says of their singing, that it sounded like 
"five hundred tunes roared out at the same time," and so little 



156 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



attention was paid to the time in which a tune was sung, that the 
singers were often one or two words apart, producing noises hideous 
beyond description, and so drawling, that the same writer says: "I 
myself have paused twice in one note to take breath." The psalms 
were sung in regular order, without regard to the subject of the 
sermon, and, long or short, sung at one standing, so that the longest, 
say of one hundred and thirty lines, took a full half hour in the 
singing. (Mr. liurgess showed how the tune was set, using a pitch 
pipe one hundred years old.) Notwithstanding this, they were sung 
with the greatest devotion, and every hat was removed, and people 
stood with bared head whenever a psalm tune was sung, although 
not a word of the psalm itself was heard. 

About this time (1723), however, a reformation began, and famous 
divines, like John Cotton, Thomas Symes, Thomas Prince, John and 
Samuel I )anforth, Cotton Mather and others, began a warfare for the 
"regular way" of singing by note, instead of the "usual way." 
They met with the fiercest opposition, for the decline in music had 
been so gradual that the very confusion and discord was grateful to 
their ears, and a melody sung in time and tune was really offensive. 

Patriotism helped what a correct musical taste had begun, and at 
the beginning of the Revolution, English tunes, like English tea, were 
thrown overboard, and native music then beginning to be performed. 
was received with great ardor. Choirs were formed (the sii 
having before been congregational), singing schools were organized, 
and instrumental music, heretofore considered to be a device of 
popery, began to be practiced, (the first organ was brought into this 
country in 17 13, but so great was the opposition to it that it remained 
seven months unpacked), and at the beginning of the century whose 
close we celebrate today, chaos had ceased to reign and music had 
begun to assume its proper place as an expression of religious 
thought. 

How great the contrast to the condition of musical art on the 
other side of the Atlantic! While on this side, preachers were 
deliberating whether it were lawful or no to sing psalms, or, if lawful. 
whether tunes should be sung in time and tune, on that side. Handel 
and l!ach had begun to fashion their immortal strains; Haydn had 
written his first symphony, and Mozart was astonishing the European 
musical world. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 157 

One curious custom long survived the occasion of its origin, and 
held its place after the reform in singing was firmly established. 
This was the custom of "lining out," or the reading of the psalm or 
hymn by the clerk, line by line, for the congregation to sing. Having 
its beginning when few could read and books were scarce, it was 
maintained with vigorous tenacity for years, because many of the 
congregation considered it a religious duty. 

Among those who aided in bringing about the reformation in 
music, was Oliver Holden, a carpenter and joiner by trade, a resident 
in Charlestown, Mass., where he died in 1834. He wrote psalm 
tunes, anthems and odes, and published several music books which 
met with great favor. Ritter says of some of his more pretentious 
pieces, that he was doubtless a better joiner of pine boards than of 
fuguing themes; however that may be, his grand tune, "Coronation," 
is sung wherever a congregation is gathered to praise the Lord. We 
invite this congregation to join with the choir in singing "Corona- 
tion," while the clerk "lines out" the hymn. 

The congregation arose and Coronation was sung, 
Mr. Burgess repeating a line and the audience, under 
the lead of the choir, singing it. At its conclusion 
prayer was offered by Rev. Frank T. Bayley. 

CORONATION. 
[Composed by Oliver Holden, Mass., about the year 1786.] 

All hail the power of Jesus name ! Let every kindred, every tribe, 

Let angels prostrate fall: On this terrestrial ball 

Bring forth the royal diadem, To Him all majesty ascribe, 

And crown Him Lord of all. And crown Him Lord of all. 

{Sung by tlie Congregation.) 

Mr. Burgess then said: 

To William Billings is due the honor of leading in the great 
musical reformation. He was born in Boston in 1746, and died 
there in 1800. He was a tanner by trade, of an unprepossessing 
personal appearance, eccentric, smart, active, patriotic, and withal, 
a musical enthusiast. His opportunities for a musical education 
were very few, but he made the most of these, and favored by the 



158 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

fact that his first compositions being purely American, appeared just 
before the Revolution, and that although he was deficient in har- 
mony, he had a taste in melody that caught the popular ear, and so 
his tunes were sung wherever the New England troops were quar- 
tered, and became the folk-songs of that time, he was a great power 
in forming the growing taste for better music. The choir will sing 
" The Easter Anthem," by William Lillings. 

The choir then sung the anthem. 

EASTER ANTHEM. 

[By William Billings, 1770.] 

The Lord is risen indeed, Hallelujah. 
Now is Christ risen from the dead, 
And become the first fruits of them that slept. 
And did he rise. Hear, O ye nations. 
1 [ear it, < > ye dead. 
He rose, He burst the bars of death, 
And triumphed o'er the grave. 

Then I rose. Then first humanity triumphant past the crystal ports of light. 
And seized eternal youth. Man all immortal, hail, Heaven all lavish of strange 
gifts to man. 
Thine all the glory, man's the boundless bliss. 

(Sung by Double Choir.) 

Mrs. Nettie Fellows, Mrs. Warren P. Chase, Mrs. Jennie K. Morrison, Miss Etta 

Rice, Messrs. Samuel Thurston, Will Stockbridgc, John B. Coyle and John 

L. Shaw. Mr. Hermann Kotzschmar, Director and Organist. 

Mr. Burgess followed, saying: "Daniel Reed, born 
at Rehoboth, Mass., in 1757, like Billings and Holden, 
was a mechanic, a comb manufacturer at Hartford, 
Conn., being a composer and teacher of music while he 
worked at his trade. If the dates given by his 
biographer are correct, he must have published his first 
musical book at the early age of fourteen years. His 
principal compositions are simple psalm tunes and 
fugues suiting the fashion of the day. As in the case 
of his predecessors and contemporaries, he was an 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 159 

awkward harmonist. The well-known tune 'Sherburne' 
was his composition." 

SHERBURNE. 
[Tune by Daniel Read, 1771.] 
While shepherds watched their flocks by night, 

All seated on the ground, 
The angel of the Lord came down, 
And glory shone around. 

All glory be to God on high, 

And to the earth be peace! 
Good will henceforth from Heaven to men, 

Begin and never cease. 

(Sung by Choir.) 

The 90th psalm was read by Rev. Henry Blanchard; 
at the conclusion of the reading another song, composed 
by Billings, entitled " Majesty," was sung. 

MAJESTY. 
[Tune by William Billings.] 
The Lord descended from above, He sat serene upon the floods, 

And bowed the heavens most high, Their fury to sustain ; 

And underneath his feet he cast And he as Sovereign Lord and King 

The darkness of the sky. Forevermore shall reign. 

On cherubim and seraphim On cherubim and seraphim 

Full royally he rode, Full royally he rode, 

And on the wings of mighty winds And on the wings of mighty winds 

Came flying all abroad. Came flying all abroad. 

(Sung by Choir.) 

Mr. Burgess then said: "Stephen Jenks, whose name 
is found attached to many hymn tunes of the earlier 
period, was born at Ellington, Conn., in 1772, and 
devoted his life to music. His publications beginning 
with 'New England Harmony,' in 1800, were very many 
and in their day popular. He died in Ohio, in 1856. 
His style of harmony characteristic of the time, is well 
exemplified in the selection made for today." 

The choir sung the tune referred to. 



160 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

MOUNT VERNON. 
[Composed on the death oi Gen. Washington— 1799— by Stephen Jenks.] 

What solemn sound the air invades? 
From heav'n the awful mandate flies. 
Where shall our country turn her eye? 
Our Friend, 1'rotector, Strength and Trust, 
Lies low and mouldering in the dust. 
{Sung by Choir.) 

Mr. Burgess continued, speaking as follows: 

At the middle of our century, so great a reaction against the 
Billings school had set in, and so great was the opposition that in 
some of the collections all American tunes were excluded. 

The Bridgewater collection, so called, endorsed by the Haiyiel and 
Haydn Association, was made up entirely of tunes and anthems, 
taken from English publications. In some localities the feeling run 
so high as almost to exclude music from the churches altogether. 

Among the last representative psalm-tune writers and teachers was 
Lowell Mason, born at Mansfield, Mass., in 1772, and who stands a 
central figure of musical cultivation from 1826 to 1850. His style of 
composition, smooth, flowing and highly religious, was largely 
influenced by his study of European composers. To him, more than 
to any one, is due the introduction of music as a branch of common 
school education. He published a large number of collections of 
juvenile music as well as of church and sacred music. 

Rev. A. K. P. Small, d. d., offered prayer, and the 
choir then sung: 

KKSPONSE— CHANT. 
[By Lowell Mason, born In Mansfield, Mass., 1792.] 
Thy will be done. Thy will be done. 

In devious way the hurrying stream of If o'er us shine a gladd'ning and prosper- 

life may run ; ous sun, 

Yet still our grateful hearts shall say This prayer will make it more divine — 
Thy will be done. Thy will be done. 

Thy will be done. 

Though shrouded o'er our path with gloom, 

comfort, one is ours, to breathe while we adore, 
Thy will be done. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 161 

Rev. Elijah Kellogg was introduced, and delivered a 
brief and eloquent address on "Religious Worship 
Early in the Century." He said: 

rev. elijah kellogg's address. 
Mr. Chairman: — 

Having been requested to offer some remarks in respect to the 
conduct of religious worship early in the century, I would say that 
early impressions are the most enduring, and religious impressions 
the most so of all others, resulting from the fact that they are not so 
much impressions as the development of innate tendencies kept 
alive and nourished by the intercourse that all men to a greater or 
less extent hold with their Creator. There are none that so resent 
interference or are with such difficulty eradicated. Though by no 
means one of the good boys who die young and with little inclination 
to acquire knowledge from books or by dint of study, there were two 
subjects that always possessed for me a peculiar interest and attract- 
ion — one the employment by which men obtained their bread, and 
the other the discussion of religious doctrines, though utterly averse 
to any personal application of them. I recollect that when I had 
twenty-five cents given me by my father to go to Sukey Baker's 
tavern to see an elephant (a rare sight in those days) sitting as 
demure as a mouse in my father's study the greater part of an after- 
noon listening to a discussion between him and a Hopkinsonian 
minister upon disinterested benevolence, and which was brought at 
last to an abrupt termination in consequence of the use by the 
Hopkinsonian of the following illustration: "Suppose, Brother 
Kellogg, I was walking over a bridge with two ladies, to one of 
whom I was tenderly attached and engaged to be married, the other 
an indifferent person. My particular friend is, I am aware, a person 
of ordinary abilities, but the other lady is possessed of great mental 
powers, thoroughly disciplined and both of them in a state of grace. 
The bridge breaks through and we fall into the stream. I can save 
but one of them, and in that case it would be my duty to save the 
more gifted person even if I had to leave my personal friend to 
perish, because she is able and qualified to do more for the glory of 
God." My father ended the discussion by rising and declaring that 
11 



162 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

a man who could cherish, much more propagate, such abominable 
sentiments was not fit to preach the gospel nor even to live in Christ- 
ian society. The discussions and ways of ministers, their preaching 
and modes of conducting worship at that period are as vivid in my 
recollection today as then, and I propose to turn it to account in 
complying with your request. 

Religious worship at that time, though modified, still retained 
much of the ancient spirit and somewhat of the form. My father 
and the ministers of his age formed the connecting link between the 
old and the new. Many of the old ministers, who were settled for 
life, and wore the old ministerial wigs, cocked hats, small clothes and 
bands, were still preaching, and frequently exchanged with my 
father — Father Lancaster of Scarborough, Mr. Tilton and Mr. 
Eaton of Harpswell. Father Lancaster would sometimes fall asleep 
in the pulpit while the choir were singing the hymn before the 
sermon, for he was well stricken with years. Ministers of a later 
date wore a queue and powdered their hair. My father in younger 
life wore his hair long, and it curled down his neck and was 
powdered. He also retained the bands for a neck dress. I can just 
recollect when he exchanged breeches for loose pants. The old 
people, who were opposed to the innovation, called them sailor 
trousers, and said they did not become a servant of God ; were got 
up to conceal spindle shanks, and the deacons at the First Parish 
retained them, and some others. The sermons and prayers were 
somewhat curtailed, even by the old ministers, but were still of 
sufficient length. The hour-glass was no longer seen on the pulpit, 
but was still used in families, schools, and by the toll-keeper at 
Vaughan's bridge. The deacons in the First Parish still sat before 
the pulpit, but the practice of deaconing the hymns was given up. 
Intentions of marriage were no longer cried in church with the 
addition that if any person could show cause why they should not be 
carried into effect, to make it known, or else forever to hold their 
peace ; but publishments were posted in the porch of the meeting- 
house for all to read. Much importance was attached to singing and 
was always performed by a full choir, as loud noise was by our fore- 
fathers deemed essential in public worship. At first there was no 
instrument except the bass viol. The chorister, conscious of the 
dignity of his office, would rise with a solemn air, run up the scale, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 163 

beating time with his hand, and lift the tune. My father, who had 
been drum major in the Continental army, and was extremely fond 
of instrumental music, introduced the cornet and the clarinet, in 
addition to the bass viol, into the Second Parish choir. He likewise 
persuaded Mr. Edward Howe, of Groton, Mass., to come and set up 
business in Portland on account of his musical talent, and assisted 
him all he could, and he led the choir of the Second Parish for many 
years, keeping up with the progress of the times. Difficulties in 
church choirs were as prevalent then as now. At one time the first 
hymn was read, but there was no response from the choir. My 
father who was a good singer immediately read the hymn, "Let 
those refuse to sing who never knew our God," etc., led off himself, 
the church and congregation joined in. When the next hymn was 
read the choir concluded to sing. 

There was no fire in the meeting-houses. The women carried 
foot stoves that contained an iron dish filled with hot coals. The 
sexton was bound by written contract to keep a good rock maple 
wood fire on the Sabbath in order that the people might have good 
coals to fill their foot stoves in the morning and replenish them 
between meetings. Children suffered the most from cold feet and 
would often cry with cold. I used to run my legs to the knees into 
mother's muff and get my feet on her foot stove and long for services 
to be done. My father used to say that when he could hear people 
all over the house striking their feet together to quicken the circula- 
tion he felt it was time to stop preaching, and indeed seldom preached 
more than forty minutes and often less. But of the old ministers 
who exchanged with him, many of the later ones, had a method of 
dividing their sermons that to a boy with cold feet was extremely 
tantalizing. They would have six, eight and often ten heads of 
discourse after which came the improvement, the most excruciating 
of all. After a long time occupied in the application of what had 
preceded the minister would say lastly. Then all the younger por- 
tion of the audience would prick up their ears and handle their 
mittens in expectation of the close, but after this would come finally, 
and on the heels of finally, to conclude, and after conclude, in short. 
There was no Sabbath-school; religious instruction was in former 
days given to the children by means of the Westminster catechism, 



164 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

that was taught to children by their parents, and at stated times in 
the year the ministers were accustomed to assemble all the children 
of the parish and catechise them. Parents who were not religious 
equally with others taught their children the catechism that they 
might be able to answer the questions of the ministers and appear as 
well as their companions. This method of instruction had fallen in 
a measure into disuse, and though Sabbath-schools had been substi- 
tuted to take its place they were not cherished as at present, nor 
were they conducted as at present. No pains were taken to render 
them attractive. Some parents held on to both upon the principle 
that there never could be too much of a good thing. They had 
little hold upon the hearts of the ministers or the church and were 
generally taught outside. The first Sabbath-school I attended was 
held in a school-house that stood on the northeastern side of State 
street on a vacant lot. The late Mr. Cahoon was my teacher. The 
New Testament was the text book. Children committed hymns but 
took no part in singing. 

There was a vein of austerity running through the relations that 
existed between parents and children. They were neither fondled 
nor pampered, but taught self-denial, to obey their parents and 
reverence old age. In many families the children ate at a side table, 
as they were not supposed to be fitted by age or development to 
associate with their elders. 

In the province of labor there was no special adaptation of the 
implements of labor to the physical strength of children, nor in 
matters of education any adaptation of studies or methods of teach- 
ing to their mental wants as at present, but children and youths used 
to a large extent the tools and books of their elders or waited till 
they grew up to them Thus, in matters of religion, immediate effect 
was not expected, either in relation to children or adults. It was 
not expected that a person would be converted till he was married 
and settled in life. 

The question will naturally arise in the minds of man}-, what was 
suit of such a mode and spirit of worship as to the promotion 
of vital godliness and the conversion of souls. I reply, there \\ as 
but little fruit. The preaching was mostly argumentative and con- 
troversial, or political — the conic sections of godliness. Ministers 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 165 

seemed to feel that their responsibility ended when they had faith- 
fully preached the truth and kept back nothing, and church members, 
when they attended the ordinances and kept the faith. 

The first great change for the better in this state of affairs was 
caused by the embargo which crushed for a season and well nigh 
exterminated the business interests of Portland. It taught those 
who had become giddy with more than twenty years of unexampled 
prosperity to reflection. In proportion, as their prospects in this life 
were blighted, they directed their attention to the attainment of more 
durable riches. The ministers of the gospel, of all denominations, 
took advantage of the changed condition of thought and there was 
a great revival of religious interest throughout New England. 
Edward Payson, who was then in the prime of life and colleague 
with my father, exerted himself to an extent that consigned him to 
an early grave and there was during his ministry a constant revival. 
Instead of fate, free-will, fore-knowledge, absolute free-will, etc., 
people began to hear of Christ and Him crucified and the still small 
voice of the spirit and the danger of delay. The eyes of men, 
stirred to a new life, were now opened to perceive the great obstacles 
to the progress of religion and morality. 

The drinking customs of the day that had now reached a fearful 
extent, and African slavery and the discussions, caused a shaking of 
many dry bones seldom equaled, for conscience, self-interest and the 
law of God were pitted against each other. The main shaft that 
carried the wheels of business in Portland was the lumber trade, 
which consisted in transporting lumber to the West Indies, bartering 
it for molasses, a large portion of which was made into rum that 
went all over the country. There was new rum for poor people, and 
West India rum for those in better circumstances. I have seen my 
mother, as often as Parson Lancaster exchanged with my father, mix 
Holland gin and loaf sugar and warm it for him before he went into 
the pulpit and after he came out. I once went with my father to a 
funeral in Beaver (now Brown) street, and liquor in a decanter was 
set on the coffin and glasses. At n o'clock the bell rang, the masons 
came down from the ladders, the joiners dropped their tools, and all 
partook of rum, salt fish and crackers. This great obstacle, in a 
measure taken out of the way, led to the development of a spirit of 
Christian enterprise that I leave to abler hands to describe. 



1G6 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

At the close of Mr. Kellogg's address, Mr. Burgess 
said : 

John Edgar Gould was born in Bangor, Me., April 15, 1820. He 
was an excellent musician, pianist, organist and teacher; a composer 
of hymn tunes, anthems, chants, &c. He was a decidedly religious 
character, and he devoted his talents to the promotion of Christian 
devotion and worship. His collections, "Modern Harp" and 
" Songs of Gladness," show his devotional spirit. He died in 
Algiers, Africa, Feb. 13, 1875, whither he had gone for his health. 

The following anthem was then sung by the choir: 

ANTHEM — JEHOVAH'S PRAISE. 
[By John E. Gould, 1846.] 
Jehovah's praise in high immortal strains 
Resound ye heavens thro' all your blissful plains. 
His glorious power O radiant sun display 
Far as thy vital beams diffuse the day. 

Thou silver moon arrayed in softer light, 
Recount his wonders to the listening night. 
Let all thy glittering train attendant wait, 
And every star his Maker's name repeat. 

Ye glorious angels, tune the raptured lay, 
Through the fair mansions of eternal day. 
His praise let all their shining ranks proclaim, 
And teach the distant worlds your Maker's name. 
Bright with the splendor of his dazzling rays, 
Exalted realms of joy reflect his praise. 

Mr. Burgess then referred to another composer, as 
follows : 

George F. Root, born at Sheffield, Mass., in 1820, has been for 
many years a composer of hymn tunes, anthems, cantatas, etc. His 
works have met the popular taste, and his collections, both of sacred 
and secular music, are widely known. His style shows the growing 
influence of foreign composers. 

TAI LIS EVENING HYMN SERVICE. 
[By George r. Root, born In Sheffield, Mass., lsuo.] 
He that dwelletb in the secret place of the most high, shall abide under the 
shadow of the Almighty. 

I will say of the Lord, He is my Refuge and my Fortress, my God, in Him will I 

trust 
He will cover thee with his feathers, and under His wings shalt thou trust. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 167 

When the singing of the above hymn was concluded 
Mr. Burgess said: 

Henry K. Oliver, born at Beverly, Mass., in 1800, and who has 
recently died, was an ardent lover of music for its own sake. He 
was an active member and promoter of musical societies from his 
boyhood to the end of a long life. He says of himself : " Not a 
musician by education, I have acquired my limited knowledge of the 
art by personal study, reading and practice, unaided by professional 
instruction. An earnest lover of sacred music, I have made that 
department a specialty, and hope that my small contributions may 
aid in the praise service of God, both at church and at home." 

PEABODY. 
[By H. K. Oliver, born in Beverly, Mass., 1800.) 
My God! the spring of all my joys, The op'ning heavens around me shine, 

The life of my delights, With beams of sacred bliss, 

The glory of my brightest days, While Jesus shows His heart is mine, 

And comfort of my nights! And whispers — I am His. 

In darkest shades if he appear, My soul would leave this heavy clay, 

My dawning is begun ; At that transporting word ; 

He is my soul's sweet morning star, Run up with joy the shining way, 

And He my rising sun. T' embrace my dearest Lord. 

After this selection was sung, the beautiful hymn by 
George F. Root, entitled " The Beauteous Day," was 
given with much expression by the choir : 

THE BEAUTEOUS DAY. 
[By George F. Root, born in Sheffield, Mass., 1820.] 
We are watching, we are waiting, We are watching, we are waiting, 

For the bright prophetic day, For the beauteous King of day ! 

When the shadows, weary shadows, For the chiefest of ten thousand, 

From the world shall roll away. For the Light, the Truth, the Way. 

Refrain — We are waiting, etc. 
Refrain. 
We are waiting for the morning, 

When the beauteous day is dawning ; 
We are waiting for the morning, 
For the golden spires of day; 
Lo ! He comes ! see the King draw near, 
Zion, shout, the Lord is here. 



168 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Rev. William H. Fenn, d.d., then delivered an address 
on " Religious Worship Later in the Century." He 
said : 

MR. FENN'S ADDRESS. 

(i.) The first change which we note as characterizing this the 
latter part of the century, is from a simple to a more aesthetic worship. 
If one of those who fell asleep a hundred years ago in Portland could 
now revisit the scene of his labors, I am sure it would be difficult for 
him to find himself or his way through the new city. What with the 
natural decay of the old buildings, the vast wreck wrought by the 
late fire, and the construction of new dwellings, old associations would 
be rudely shocked, the sense of locality be at its wit's ends. Where 
is this and that old landmark ? he would inquire with mournful mien. 
But if memory and imagination would be puzzled to adjust themselves 
to the grosser features of the change, how much more to the great 
public institutions, banks, insurance offices, the increased population, 
school-houses, stores, the busy streets, the scale on which things are 
done, the rush and hurry of modern life, the outlandish vehicles, the 
odd dresses. If the day, however, happened to be Sunday, he would 
be even more surprised by the difference with which holy time was 
spent and the afternoons beguiled. Instead of the bare meeting- 
house he would find the people gathering within the walls of a 
structure mediaeval in its type and associations. The interior, no 
longer in bold and glaring white, is softened with mellow tones. 
The windows "richly dight, casting a dim, religious light." The 
high old pulpit with its holy spiral stairs is laid low, reduced to an 
open stand on a platform. Instead of the divine attraction which 
gathered the officers and people close about it, is a feverish anxiety 
to recede from it, — a grace operating quite strong enough, though it 
operates inversely as the square of the distance. There is no longer 
the same sort of solemnity upon the face of the congregation, nor the 
same uniformity of posture in prayer or in praise. They no longer 
fiddle and sing the hymns of a selection. In the room of the pitch- 
pipe or bass viol, is that noble congregation of giant reeds, whose 
pedal is the very voice of many waters. Would he believe his ears 
when he heard the Lord's Prayer repeated in concert, the re- 
sponsive reading of the Psalms and other liturgical exercises long 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 169 

under the ban ? And then, on other days, how would he be amazed 
at the departures from venerable usage in matters pertaining to the 
religious life ? Instead of the annual Fast, how would he abominate 
the wicked Sunday or rather holiday which we have made of it. 
How would his vitals creep within him at the widespread observance 
of Easter, the animated church-yard of memorial flowers, and the 
wild chatter of caged canaries, or the universal enjoyment of Christ- 
mas, when all the world becomes a child again. With all these 
changes in the customs of religious life and worship you will yet find 
many permanent elements of old time principle. 

(2.) Another notable change is from a dogmatic apprehension of 
Christianity to one which looks at it more as life. Supreme venera- 
tion in our age is paid to fact ; specially fact as against dogma. The 
creeds as such are being simplified and on the basis of the Apostles' 
creed. You will observe in modern preaching the receding of God 
the Father, or rather of the abstract God in favor of the concrete God- 
man. This will explain another remarkable matter, how Christianity 
has changed from being a religion of the future into a this world- 
religion. Fifty years ago, the house of God was transfigured with 
sermons on Heaven, graphic and ravishing, now it would seem as if 
the heavens had gone far off and become astronomical. Observe 
the peculiar want of responsiveness on the part of the ordinary 
hearer to matters of the future life. He listens, but he will not 
kindle. 

Stand by the bedside of the invalid or dying Christian. He does 
not waver concerning salvation here and now, he is consistent, con- 
scientious, lest he murmur and fail of patience, but faith that is 
ardent, faith that bounds up and soars after Christ, how rare ! 

Certainly this predominating estimate put upon fact, underlies the 
Christian spirit of the time too, as constituting it the practical age. 
There is plenty of pressing work to do, hence its earnest thrusting 
aside of a strife about words to no profit. 

(3.) Another change is from a more defined to a more mystical 
conception of the greater facts in religion. We are not to press 
distinctions absolutely, but fifty years ago, the fathers were more 
inclined to speak of God as outside of his universe, turning the 
world around with his finger. Today the universe is more like a 
flower opening from within, and God is the life of its life. It does 



170 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

not express to us the whole truth to say that the firmament shows his 
handiwork. God inter-penetrates the whole. 

Too often our elder brethren misgave themselves for joy in things 
visible as though idolatry lurked in their deadly fascination, but we 
defy the charm by opening God at their heart. 

Hermit religion is spindling and stalky like wheat grown in the 
shade. Degradation overtakes religion when not in close contact 
with every day life. It is not to be denied that this broad church 
tendency may be carried to extremes and lose itself in the world- 
spirit of which St. John speaks in his Epistles. But to us the 
indwelling spirit consecrates and sanctifies the whole of human life, 
its customs, laws, its battles, business. The close relation which the 
theology of today finds between God and human life, it discovers 
also between God and the human soul. Our ancestors were wont to 
define sharply the natural from the supernatural. They were mostly 
old school in their theology. Human righteousness was filthy rags. 
Regeneration an act of sovereign, naked omnipotence. We cannot 
affirm exactly what God does, and what man does. The deeper we 
go, the more mysteriously the human and the divine are blended. 

(4.) Another landmark of thought which distinguishes our age 
from theirs is a turning from special grace to general, that is, to the 
movement of the spirit in all men. We do not deny the special but 
we antedate the beginnings of change and expect from the spirit a 
greater diversity of operations. We incline to be interested not in 
the differences, but in the resemblances, the things common to all 
souls. 

(5.) Still further and every way worthy of note is the tendency 
toward an inclusive Christianity, rather than the exclusive, a disposi- 
tion towards comprehension. This out of a charitable and catholic 
zeal. The point of view of the individual is giving way before the 
corporate sense of humanity. The self-conscious and introspective 
habit has touched its decline. Magnifying crises of feeling in 
connection with conversion, it has unchurched the children and 
driven them into more churchly communions. There is a something 
besides conscious experience, which precedes and conditions it, — the 
antecedent grace of God, — without which we are insulated from the 
life divine in church and history. To this tendency contributes 
mightily the instinct of Christian brotherhood, and in co-operative 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 171 

ways. It seems the epoch of falling middle walls in economies, 
state and church. All this is greatly magnified by the overwhelming 
world consciousness which is now upon us. There seems to be 
some all-pervading moral ether which permeates the society of 
moral beings and transmits through it innumerable waves of good or 
evil influence, and this not only from continent to continent, but 
from heaven to earth, giving to religion a universal scope, making 
of redemption a world movement, in many of its features as perva- 
sive and irresistible as God himself. 

As Dr. Fenn concluded, Mr. Burgess rose to say a 
few words about a composer who was born in Portland, 
John K. Payne. He said: 

John K. Payne is too well known to you, both in his person and 
in his works for me to characterize them. He is, facile princeps, most 
easily the leader among American composers. His grand oratorio 
St. Peter, first produced in this hall by the Haydn Association, 
deserves rank with the works of the great tone masters. As the 
professor of music at Harvard University, he is exerting a far 
reaching influence for the best music everywhere. 

The choir then sung the following: 

DIVINE LOVE. 
[Chorus by John Knowles Paine (of Harvard College), born in Portland, 1839.] 
Love Divine, all love excelling, Come, almighty to deliver, 

Joy of heaven, to earth come down ! Let us all thy life receive ; 

Fix in us thine humble dwelling ; Suddenly return, and never, 

All "thy faithful mercies crown : Never more thy temples leave : 

Jesus ! thou art all compassion, — Thee we would be always blessing, 

Pure, unbounded love thou art ; Serve thee as thy hosts above, 

Visit us, with thy salvation; Pray, and praise thee without ceasing, 

Enter every trembling heart. Glory in thy perfect love. 

Breathe, Oh ! breathe thy loving Spirit Finish then thy new creation; 

Into every troubled breast ; Pure and sinless let us be ; 

Let us all in thee inherit, Let us see thy great salvation, 

Let us find the promised rest ; Perfectly restored in thee, — 

Take away our power of sinning ; Changed from glory into glory, 

Alpha and Omega be ; Till in heaven we take our place, 

End of faith, as its beginning ! Till we cast our crowns before thee, 

Set our hearts at liberty. Lost in wonder, love, and praise. 



172 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Mr. Burgess then said, referring to the next com- 
poser : 

Edward Howe, jr. (whose father many of you remember, and who 
was induced to come to Portland to become a member of Rev. Mr. 
Kellogg's church choir), is a composer whose chaste and correct 
style well represents the high standing which American church music 
has attained at the present day. 

SENTENCE. 

[By Edward Howe, jr. (Organisl New York City.) Bora In Portland, 1820.] 

The Lord is in his holy temple, The Lord is in his holy temple, let all the earth, 

let all the earth keep silence, before him. 
Let all the earth, let all the earth keep silence, keep silence before him, let all the 
earth, let all the earth keep silence, keep silence before him. 

Mr. Burgess spoke of the last composer on the pro- 
gramme, thus : 

Geo. W. Chadwick was born at Lowell, Mass., Nov. 13, 1S54, and 
received his musical education at Leipzig and Munich, being the first 
American pupil of Rheinberger. His works, consisting of quartettes, 
overtures, anthems, symphonies, &c, are full of genuine feeling, 
expressed in the highest style of art, and show the great progress and 
upward tendency of present musical thought. 

The tune was the following: 

ANTHEM — Benedic Anima Mea. 
r.> G. W. Chadwick, born at Lowell, 1854.] 

l'raise the Lord, O my soul! < > praise the Lord all ye his hosts ; 

And all that is within me praise his Ye servants of his that do his pleasure. 

My name - ( > speak good of the Lord ; 

Praise the] my soul; All ye works of his, in all places of his 

And forget not all his benefits. dominion. 

Who forgiveth all thy sin; 1 se thou the Lord; 

And healeth all thine infirmities. Praise thou the Lord — O my soul. 

Who saveth thy life from destruction; Glory be t<> the Father, and to the Son; 

And crowneth thee with mercy and Ami to the Holy Ghost. 

loving kindness. ^ s j t was ; n t ] ie beginning, is now and 
(> praise the Lord, ye angels of his, ever shall be ; 

ye that excel in strength ; World without end, Amen, Amen, 
it fulfill his commandment, ami 

hearken unto the voice of his word. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 1(6 

Mr. Burgess concluded : 

Not without many drawbacks, and subject to limitations incident 
to its environment, musical art has made a steady and gratifying 
progress during the century. Each decade shows by its records an 
astonishing activity eminently satisfactory, promising, in the not 
remote future, a result worthy of a great and powerful nation. 

The benediction was pronounced and the audience 
dismissed by Rev. Thomas Hill, d. d. 



EVENING EXERCISES. 

The Committee on Sunday Services had arranged 
the following programme for the evening service: 

1786 PORTLAND'S 1886 

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, 




SUNDAY EVENING, JULY 4th, 1886, 

AT CITY HALL. 

7.30 o'clock. 



SERVICE OF SONG BY THE CENTENNIAL CHORUS, 

W. L. FITCH, CONDUCTOR. 



Addresses by Hon. Neal Dow, William E. Gould, Esq., Rev. 
Asa Dalton, d. d., Rev. J. T. G. Nichols. 



Wm. M. Marks, Esq., Presiding, 



174 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

ORDER OF EXERCISES. 



INTRODUCTION. 

WILLIAM M. MARKS, ESQ. 

GLORIA. 
CENTENNIAL CHORUS — W. L. FITCH, CONDUCTOR. 

SCRIPTURE READING. 

REV. CHARLES J. CLARK, D. D. 

DUKE STREET. 
{By Chorus and Congregation.) 

O God, beneath Thy guiding hand, Laws, freedom, truth, and faith in God 

Our exiled fathers crossed the sea; Came with those exiles o'er the waves, 

And when they trod the wint'ry strand, And where their pilgrim feet have trod, 

With prayer and psalm they wor- The God they trusted guards their 

shiped Thee. graves. 

Thou heard'st, well pleased, the song, And here Thy name, O God of love, 

the prayer — Their children's children shall adore, 

Thy blessing came ; and still its power Till these eternal hills remove, 

Shall onward through all ages bear And spring adorns the earth no more. 

The memory of that holy hour. 

PRAYER. 

REV. A. H. WRIGHT. 

ORIGINAL HYMN. 

[By Rev. Thomas Hill, d. d.] 

i By the Chorus.) 

God, from eternity changeless is being, 
( ruiding all changes by Thy sovereign will, 

Boundless in power, and in wisdom unerring, 
Ages of hist'ry Thy counsels fulfil. 

Tempest and earthquake, our labors o'ertuming, 

Ever, Thy servants, obey Thy command ; 
Nations and kingdoms in vain would resist Thee; 

Thou art Almighty, and none can withstand. 

Thanks for the light in our darkness still shining; 

Thanks for the word which came down from above; 
Thanks that Thy spirit within us bears witness 

We are Thy children, and heirs of Thy love. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



175 



Thou wert the merciful God of our fathers, 
Still on their sons let Thy blessing descend; 

Age after age, may their praise and thanksgiving 
Rise in full harmony, world without end. 

ADDRESS — Temperance in Portland During the Century. 
HON. neal dow. 



Hear the Temp'rance call, 
Freemen one and all ! 

Hear your country's earnest cry ; 
See your native land, 
Lift its beck'ning hand, 

Sons of Freedom come ye nigh. 



Chorus. 
Chase the monster from our shore, 
Let his cruel reign be o'er ; 
Chase the monster from our shore, 
Let his cruel reign be o'er. 



HEAR THE TEMPERANCE CALL. 

(By the Chorus.) 

Leave the shop and farm, 

Leave your bright hearths warm ; 

To the polls ! the land to save ; 
Let your leaders be 
True and noble, free, 

Fearless, temp'rate, good and brave. 

Hail, our Fatherland ! 
Here thy children stand, 

All resolved, united, true, 
In the temp'rance cause, 
Ne'er to faint or pause ! 

This our purpose is, and vow. 



ADDRESS — The Anti-Slavery Cause. 

REV. ASA DALTON, D. D. 



JUDGMENT DAY IS 

Judgment, Judgment, 

Judgment day is rolling around ; 
Judgment, Judgment, 

O how I long to go. 
I've a good old mother in the heaven, 
my Lord, 

How I long to go there too, 
I've a good old mother in the heaven, 
my Lord, 
O how I long to go. 

Chorus. 

Judgment, Judgment, 

Judgment day is rolling around; 
Judgment, Judgment, 

O how I long to go. 



ROLLING AROUND. 

There's no backsliding in the heaven, my 
Lord, 
How I long to go there too, 
There's no backsliding in the heaven, my 
Lord, 
O how I long to go. — Cho. 

King Jesus sitting in the heaven, my Lord, 

How I long to go there too, 
King Jesus sitting in the heaven, my Lord, 

O how I long to go. — Cho. 

There's a big camp-meeting in the heaven, 
my Lord, 
How I long to go there too, 
There's a big camp-meeting in the heaven, 
my Lord, 
O how I long to go. — Cho. 



176 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



STEAL AWAY. 

(Jiy the Chorus.) 

Steal away, steal away, steal away to Green trees are bending, poor sinners 

Jesus, stand trembling ; 

Steal away, steal away home, The trumpet sounds it in my soul, — 

I hain't got long to stay here. I hain't got long to stay here. — Cho. 

My Lord calls mc, He calls me by the My Lord calls me — He calls me by the 



thunder; 
The trumpet sounds it in my soul ; 
I hain't got long to stay here. 

Chorus. 
Steal away, steal away, steal away to 
Jesus ! 
Steal away, steal away home, 
I hain't got long to stay here. 



lightning; 
The trumpet sounds it in my soul; 
I hain't got long to stay here. — Chu. 

Tombstones are bursting — poor sinners 
stand trembling; 
The trumpet sounds it in my soul ; 
I hain't got long to stay here. — Cho. 



ADDRESS — Benevolent Associations of Portland. 

WILLIAM E. GOULD, ESQ. 



Meek and lowly, pure and holy, 

Chief among the "Blessed Three," 
Turning sadness into gladness, 

Heav'n-born arl thou, Charity ! 
Pity dwellcth in thy bos. in. 

Kindness reigneth o'er thy heart ; 
Gentle thoughts alone can sway thee, 

Judgment hath in thee no part. 



CHARITY. 
{By tlir Chorus.) 

Hoping, ever, failing, never. 

Tho' deceived, believing still ; 
Long abiding, all confiding, 

To thy Heav'nly Father's will; 
Never weary of well-doing, 

Never fearful of the end ; 
Claiming all mankind as brothers, 

Thou dost all alike befriend. — Cho. 



CHORUS. 
Meek and lowly, pure and holy, 
Chief among the "Blessed Three." 

Turning sadness into gladness, 
lleav'n horn art thou, Charity. 

ADDRESS — Personal Reminiscences. 

REV. J. T. G. NICHOLS. 

TO THEE, O O »UNTRY. 
{By it" Chorus. > 



To thee, O country, great and El 

With trusting hearts we cling; 
( >ur voices tuned by joyous love, 

Thy power ami praises sing, 
Upon thy mighty faithful heart, 

We lay our burden down ; 
Tin hi ait the only friend 

Who feels their weight without a frown. 



for thee we daily work and strive, 

To thee we give our lo 
For thee with fervor deep we pray, 
I" II mi w ho dwells aho\ e. 

' I God, pre sei \ e our fatherland, 

1 a t pi at e ii^ ruler he. 
And let her happy kingdom - 

Prom north to southmost sea. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 177 

AMERICA. 
(Chorus and Congregation.) 
My country ! 'tis of thee, Let music swell the breeze, 

Sweet land of liberty, And ring from all the trees 

Of thee I sing; Sweet freedom's song; 

Land where my fathers died 1 Let mortal tongues awake ; 

Land of the Pilgrim's pride ! Let all that breathe partake ; 

From every mountain side, Let rocks their silence break, — 

Let freedom ring ! The sound prolong. 

My native country, thee — Our father's God ! to thee, 

Land of the noble free — Author of liberty, 

Thy name — I love ; To thee we sing ; 

I love thy rocks and rills, Long may our land be bright, 

Thy woods and templed hills, With freedom's holy light, 

My heart with rapture thrills Protect us by thy might, 

Like that above. Great God, our King ! 

BENEDICTION. 

REV. CHARLES H. DANIELS. 

An immense audience attended the services. The 
City Hall was crowded with the representatives of the 
best of Portland people, and her returning sons and 
daughters. 

At a few minutes before half-past seven, the Centen- 
nial Chorus entered from the ante-rooms where they 
had assembled, and took places upon the platform. 
The speakers, a number of Portland clergymen, invited 
guests and others, also occupied the front seats upon 
the platform. The services then proceeded according 
to the programme, beginning with the address of 
William M. Marks, Esq., who spoke as follows: 

MR. MARKS' ADDRESS. 

Our Centennial Celebration will continue this evening, commenc- 
ing with a service of song; then a review of the great moral reforms 
which are a part of the history of our city. Temperance reforms in 
our midst, presented by its world-wide champion, — our own honored 
citizen; the anti-slavery cause — which arose, did its work, and is 
12 



178 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

finished; our philanthropic organizations, — for which we have an 
enviable reputation. As these pass in review before us I know we 
shall feel that the work in which our fathers, and their fathers before 
them have had a part, is one from which we may get a like inspira- 
tion, for everything that is for the benefit and blessing of our 
common humanity; thanking God that he gives unto us the privilege 
of living in this nineteenth century of the world's history. 

The gloria, by the Centennial Chorus, was then finely 
rendered under the leadership of William L. Fitch, 
conductor. 

Rev. Charles J. Clark, pastor of the Pine Street 
Methodist church, read the thirty-third psalm, after 
which the choir and congregation united in singing 
Duke Street. The familiar stanzas received a magnifi- 
cent rendering from the great number of singers. The 
hymn follows: 

DUKE STREET. 
{By Chorus and Congregation.) 
O God, beneath Thy guiding hand, Laws, freedom, truth, and faith in God 

Our exiled fathers crossed the sea; Came with those exiles Ver the waves, 

And when they trod the wint'ry strand, And where their pilgrim feet have trod, 
With prayer and psalm they vvor- The God they trusted guards their 
shiped Thee. graves. 

Thou heard'st, well pleased, the song, And here Thy name, O God of love, 

the prayer — Their children's children shall adore, 

Thy Messing came ; and still its power Till these eternal hills remove, 

II onward through all ages bear And spring adorns the earth no more. 

The memory of that holy hour. 

Prayer was then offered by Rev. Abiel H. Wright of 
the St. Lawrence Street church. At the conclusion of 
Mr. Wright's invocation, the choir sung Dr. Hill's 
beautiful hymn composed for the occasion, as follows: 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 179 

ORIGINAL HYMN. 

[By Rev. Thomas Hill, D. D.] 

(By the Chorus.) 

God, from eternity changeless in being, 

Guiding all changes by Thy sovereign will, 
Boundless in power, and in wisdom unerring, 

Ages of hist'ry Thy counsels fulfil. 

Tempest and earthquake, our labors o'erturning, 

Ever, Thy servants, obey Thy command ; 
Nations and kingdoms in vain would resist Thee ; 

Thou art Almighty, and none can withstand. 

Thanks for the light in our darkness still shining; 

Thanks for the word which came down from above; 
Thanks that Thy spirit within us bears witness 

We are Thy children, and heirs of Thy love. 

Thou wert the merciful God of our fathers, 
Still on their sons let Thy blessing descend; 

Age after age, may their praise and thanksgiving 
Rise in full harmony, world without end. 

Mr. Marks introduced in a few appropriate words, 
Hon. Neal Dow, who spoke as follows upon Temper- 
ance in Portland during the Century: 

hon. neal dow's address. 

Mr. Chairman and Fellow Citizens : 

The committee of arrangements have requested me to give as 
much of the History of the Temperance Cause in Portland as can 
be condensed into a few minutes, which I gladly undertake to do. 

An entire generation has grown up in this city and in Maine 
which knows nothing whatever of the condition of the State and of 
the people in the good old time. We are now without a distillery or 
a brewery in the State, while there were many of them in the old 
time. In none of our cities can be seen any sign painted over or by 
the side of shop doors, and notice of liquors to be sold within. In 
the old time every grocery shop made a profuse display of the names 
of all sorts of liquors kept within for the accommodation of the 
public. At the end of the counter in every grocery was arranged a 



ISO CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

department for drinking ; a pail of water, a sugar bowl, a teaspoon 
suspended to the ceiling by a string, while black bottles containing 
the drinks were standing on shelves within easy reach of the shop- 
keeper. Now, in all the State, there is nothing of this. 

In every grocer's shop in the old time were "standing casks," 
larger or smaller, according to the amount of capital invested in the 
trade. Those casks were often handsomely painted, and labeled in 
gilt letters with the names of their contents : Rum, Gin, Brandy, 
Wines, Cordials, in great variety. In order to attract attention, 
puncheons and casks of rum, gin, brandy and other liquors, were 
arranged upon the sidewalk before the shop, as an indication of the 
extensive business carried on there. Tubs containing rum punch 
were sometimes placed in full view of passers-by, either upon the 
sidewalk near the door or just within, to attract customers. The 
shop-boy was often seen just within the door, with a box of lemons, 
a squeezer, and a tub, preparing punch for a thirsty crowd. A 
great many of our people do not know what this punch was. It was 
made up of rum that it might be strong, water to make it weak, 
lemons to make it sour and sugar to make it sweet. It was a special 
favorite with those who were in their apprenticeship at the drinking 
business, for drinking was in those days a great business, absorbing 
the entire value of all the property of the State, in every period of 
less than twenty years. I do not express any opinion about the old 
rum times, whether they were better or worse than our times; I am 
only to record the facts as they were, and as they are. 

But there are some very intelligent people who think the good old 
rum time was far better than our time, when drink is under the ban, 
and must be hidden away from sight, and as far as possible from 
the smell, lest its presence should be betrayed to the senses of 
officials whose duty it is to lay ruthless hands upon it, and carry it 
off to limbo, where the lovers of it were locked up in the good old 
time. 

Elections and militia-musters called out all our people in those 
good old days. The entire population was upon the streets in those 
days, and everywhere were seen shanties, where gingerbread, molas- 
ses candy, rum and punch were sold in great quantities for the 
refreshment of the crowd. My earliest experience in the temper- 
ance cause was on one of these muster days. With many other 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 181 

small boys, I was on the crowded sidewalk in Market square, when 
a drunken man fell upon me, holding me to the ground in great 
horror, until standers-by lifted the drunkard off me. 

The muster field was upon the "Hill," a large part of the ground 
of the present Eastern Cemetary being included in it. Here were 
innumerable booths for the sale of refreshments, the ever present 
rum and punch constituting by far the most important part of 
the stock in trade. Those drinks were free to all who had 
money — young and old, men and women, boys and girls — and very 
jolly times were the outcome of it, but such as we should now 
consider scenes of shocking degredation and debauchery. There 
were always fights in those days — many of them. There were 
bullies who were regarded as heroes, and whose fame as great 
fighters was spread over the country as far as Pooduck and Sacca- 
rappa, some of whom are remembered to this day by men who 
were boys in those good old times, which some of our good people 
deplore, as gone, never to return. 

There were no troublesome and offensive policemen in those days 
to interfere with personal liberty — the right of every man to enjoy 
himself in his own way. Our sidewalks and little spots of grass, 
towards the close of the election and muster days, were occupied by 
patriots, sitting or lying upon the ground, exhausted by their labors 
of the day in upholding the honor of the country. Many small boys 
were often seen, with unsteady steps, striving to make their way 
home, while others were lying by the roadside, being quite exhausted 
by their early apprenticeship to the great business of that time. 

Immense quantities of molasses were imported into Portland in 
those days, and were converted into rum at our distilleries, of which 
there were seven, often running night and day, because their products 
were in great demand among all classes of our people, not only upon 
public days but every day. All our working people had "eleven 
o'clock" and "four o'clock" in those days; that is, they "knocked 
off work " at those hours to take some " support," which consisted in 
a stiff drink of rum. Every household had rum or other liquor as an 
important part of family supplies, and they were offered to every 
caller at coming and again at going. The parson and the doctor 
were expected to drink, a refusal to do so was regarded as an impo- 
liteness. 



182 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

In those days great quantities of West India rum were imported, 
all for consumption by our own people. These came by the cargo, 
often large cargoes, making a great display upon our wharves. In 
our time not a puncheon of rum is imported. The result was that 
Maine was very poor in those times, when rum was said to be food 
and drink, and pretty good lodging. Some nice people believe those 
days were better than ours, and the politics of the country today 
turns largely upon the question of their revival. 

A story, illustrating the manners and customs of the times, is told 
of Parson Kellogg, who came to Portland a young man as colleague 
with Dr. Payson. As the custom was in those days, in company with 
Deacon Jewett and Deacon Blank, he made the round of calls among 
the people. Everywhere they were expected to "take something." 
By and by the Parson said : " Brother Jewett, Brother Blank, this 
will never do ; we shall be all drunkards together. I will not drink 
any more." "Nor I," said Deacon Jewett. "Ha! ha! "laughed 
Deacon Blank, "if you're afraid, that's wise. I'm not afraid," and 
he became a drunkard. I am not to say here that these good old 
times were not the best times. I am only to record the facts. There 
are some very nice people among us who do not like our times, when 
" the good creatures of God " are hidden away out of sight, and 
when a free born American citizen cannot have a bloated, fiery face 
and a watery eye, without attracting special attention and having his 
credit at the bank badly shaken. In those good old times it was not 
regarded as a discredit to be full and hearty on social occasions, and 
at all other times as well, showing the effects of it in a bleared eye 
and unsteady step. 

I was sometimes at public dinners in those good old times, and 
know what the habits of the people were. My education in the 
matter of drink was utterly neglected from my childhood. So I was 
always regarded as an outsider on such occasions, but there was 
always some one who wished to sit beside me, because he could have 
my bottle of wine in addition to his own. I have seen gentlemen 
seized with a spasm of patriotism on such occasions leap upon the 
table, dance a rig-a-doon, make glasses and decanters rattle, and 
shout a toast to the star-spangled banner. I have seen in those good 
old times a long line of gentlemen stand with one foot on their chairs 
and the other upon the table, shouting discordantly a drinking song. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 183 

That was a proper thing to do in those jolly old times, now, alas, in 
Maine, passed away, perhaps forever, to the great regret of some 
very nice people, who do not like the puritanic stiffness and frigidity 
of our times. We now have great public dinners, and other dinners 
not so great or so public, without intoxicating drinks. Any lovers of 
the good old times present are under the humiliating necessity of 
leaving the table occasionally and going out " to see a friend," 
instead of having the friend present, and an honored guest. I 
express no opinion as to which is the better way. My business here 
is simply to record the facts. 

Some time since I was stopped in the street by a friend, one of our 
most prominent and respected citizens. He had been formerly in 
trade on a great scale. He said : " More than two-thirds of our 
sales were of rum ; this went far into the country, spreading out like 
the rays of a fan in leaving town, and its course was as distinctly 
marked as the path of a fire through a forest. Now," said he, "no 
rum goes into that region, and the condition of the country and 
people is wonderfully changed for the better." In those old times 
two-thirds of the farms were mortgaged to the country-traders in 
settlement of their store bills, a large part of which was for rum. 
Now, these mortgages are very few, if any, because in all that 
country the liquor traffic is practically unknown. I express no 
opinion as to which is the better way. 

The ear marks of the habits and customs of the old times were 
dilapidated houses and farm buildings, neglected and shabby farm 
buildings, shabby school-houses and meeting-houses, and a general 
air of idleness, laziness, shiftlessness and povery. Almost every 
town and village in the State would illustrate the truth of this 
description. Look at Saccarappa, for an example, as it was in the 
old rum times, as I well remember it to have been, when two quarts 
of rum per man was said to be a daily ration ; when the wages of 
labor were spent in that way ; a miserable, shabby, poverty-stricken 
town. Look at it now — one of the prettiest, most industrious, most 
thrifty and most prosperous towns in this or any other State. In the 
old time, every shop a rum shop ; now, there is no rum shop there. 
I merely state facts, and do not express any opinion as to which is 
the better condition of that famous town. 



184 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Special work in the temperance cause began in Maine about 1825, 
when many meetings were held in different parts of the State, the 
purpose of which was to call the attention of the people to the inev- 
itable evils coming from the use of alcoholic liquors. A society was 
formed in Portland, of which Dr. Payson was president. It was 
called the Sixty-Nine Society by all jolly fellows, because sixty-nine 
was the number of its members. It was in 'no way agressive or 
offensive in its work ; but it aroused strong hostility among the 
devotees of " personal liberty." An attempt was made to burn Dr. 
Payson's church, and subsequently the lecture-room of the church, a 
detached building, was burned. At that time the liquor traffic had 
not been attacked by temperance advocates, whose work was con- 
fined solely to the attempt to emancipate the people from the drink 
habit and to overthrow the drinking customs of society. About that 
time the Rev. Dr. Edwards, one of New England's great divines, 
became secretary of the American Temperance Union, and devoted 
himself exclusively to temperance work among the churches of New 
England. 

In course of his labors he came to Portland, and to a great aud- 
ience in the Stone church delivered a powerful and effective address 
upon the " Immorality of the Liquor Traffic." At that time liquors 
were sold freely, wholesale and retail, in Maine, as in other States in 
the Union, and many of the best and most respectable members of 
the community were engaged in that lucrative trade. I was present 
at that meeting and well remember the deep impression Dr. Edwards' 
lecture made upon his hearers. A curious anecdote connected with 
that meeting I heard several years afterwards from a member of a 
great trading house in Portland, a large part of whose business was 
the selling of liquor on a large scale, wholesale and retail. There 
were three members of the firm, all of them church members. My 
friend, with his wife, was among the hearers of Dr. Edwards. On 
returning home he said to his wife : 

" What do you think about our giving up the sale of liquors ? " 

" I wish you would do so. I have long desired it." 

" But to do so will ruin our entire business." 

"Never mind that. I would rather go out at day's work washing 
than you should continue to sell liquor." 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 185 

" Very well. My mind is made up. I'll quit it." 

On the Monday morning he called his partners into the counting- 
room and told them this story, and what his resolve was. His part- 
ners said they were also at Dr. Edwards' lecture, and had the same 
talk with their wives on their way home from the meeting, and had 
come to the same conclusion to sell no more liquor. My friend con- 
tinued : 

"We fully expected that our entire business would be ruined, 
because our business was with country traders, all of whom sold 
liquors, and we expected to be abandoned by our customers. But 
we were disappointed in this, and we never could see that we had 
lost a dollar by abandoning the liquor trade. We found our losses 
were greatly reduced, because we found out that they had originated 
almost entirely in the liquor part of our trade." 

At that time conscientious men began to abandon the sale of 
liquors, which was then monopolized by others. 

In 185 1, after a long agitation of the question of the relation of 
the liquor traffic to the general good, the Maine Law was enacted by 
a Democratic Legislature, signed by a Democratic speaker of the 
House and a Democratic president of the Senate, and a Democratic 
governor, upon whose approval it took effect, being the second of 
June of that year. The effect of the law was wonderful ; I do not 
say here whether for good or evil, but only state the facts. Im- 
mediately the open sale of liquors ceased throughout the State ; and 
today more than three-fourths of our territory, containing more than 
three-fourths of our population, is practically free from it, while it 
lingers on a comparatively small scale in our larger towns and cities,, 
as the result, and only as the result, of some defects in the law, which 
we hope to persuade the political bosses to consent to have corrected, 
if we can make it for their personal interest to do so. I think it safe 
to say that not one-twentieth as much liquor is now sold in Maine as 
would be sold without prohibition. The consequence is that the 
wages of labor are now saved and devoted to other purposes than 
the purchase of drink, and are laid by in our savings banks, and are 
invested in better houses, better farm buildings, better fences, in 
better school-houses, better church buildings, better public buildings, 
better ways of living, in multiplied and enlarged industries, and in 
prosperous, thrifty, happy homes. 



186 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

I am not invited here to express my opinion as to the policy of 
prohibition, whether it is wiser and better than the policy of the 
old rum time. I am only to state the facts, among which is this, 
that some of our intelligent people think the old system, with its 
results, better than the new, and would like to go back to it, with rum 
shops in every street, and on every corner, in every village and little 
country town, and at every cross-road in the State, as the fact was in 
the old time. This question of prohibition is by no means 
settled yet. There are many people in this and other States who 
have not made up their minds whether grog-shops are better for a 
community than the absence of them. So that this great question is 
now the leading one, the most important one in the politics of the 
nation and every State in the Union. This question is disturbing the 
calculations of professional politicians, as the anti-slavery question 
did thirty years ago, and now, as then, many intelligent people cannot 
make up their minds what is wisest and best to do about it. So they 
do nothing but float with the current, waiting for Providence to point 
out the way, which will surely happen some day, and then the hopes 
and ambitions of many patriots will certainly be disappointed. 

This great question, like that of slavery, can never be settled 
finally, except in accordance with the right and with the will of God. 
I express no opinion here as to the side on which God and right 
will be found, though I have most decided convictions on that sub- 
ject. I am content to wait God's time for the conclusive, irrevocable 
determination of this question, one way or the other, in the mean- 
time evading no responsibility, and shirking no duty in relation to it, 
and working with all my heart for such a result as in my judgment 
will be in accordance with the Divine will, the prosperity of the 
•country, and the happiness of the people. 

General Dow's remarks were frequently interrupted 
by laughter and applause. At their conclusion, the 
chorus sang " Hear the Temperance Call," which 
follows: 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 187 

HEAR THE TEMPERANCE CALL. 
(By the Chorus.) 

Hear the Temp'rance call, Leave the shop and farm, 

Freemen one and all ! Leave your bright hearths warm ; 

Hear your country's earnest cry ; To the polls ! the land to save ; 

See your native land, Let your leaders be 

Lift its beck'ning hand, True and noble, free, 

Sons of Freedom come ye nigh. Fearless, temp'rate, good and brave. 

Hail, our Fatherland! 
Chorus. Here thy children stand, 

Chase the monster from our shore, All resolved, united, true, 

Let his cruel reign be o'er ; In the temp'rance cause, 

Chase the monster from our shore, Ne'er to faint or pause ! 

Let his cruel reign be o'er. This our purpose is, and vow. 

Rev. Asa Dalton, d. d., was the next speaker. He 
spoke as follows, and was warmly applauded: 

REV. DR. DALTON'S ADDRESS. 

In outlining the history of the Temperance Cause in Portland, 
General Dow could truly say Magna pars fui, but I have no such 
advantage in describing the rise and success of the Anti-slavery 
Movement. There were many parties, however, to this cause, 
friendly and unfriendly, each and all of whom are entitled to a 
candid hearing, an impartial restatement of their several positions, 
their aims and motives. In the opinion of the speaker, anything 
less than this would be one sided, and essentially unjust to them. 
Nevertheless, the dividing line must be drawn somewhere, and we 
will draw it between those who were for, and those who were against 
the movement, and each party and division of party shall be allowed 
to speak for itself, according to the latest and most approved 
method of writing the history both of persons and parties. 

The Anti-slavery party was one in its hostility to slavery and 
determined opposition to its extension and perpetuity, but it divided, 
first, upon the question of immediate, unconditional emancipation, 
and secondly, as to the expediency of political action. The imme- 
diate, unconditional emancipationists had for their leaders, Garrison 
and Phillips who were the necessary logical outcome and antipodes 



188 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

of Calhoun and Toombs in the South. That is to say, when the 
foremost men of the South declared slavery to be the natural and 
normal condition of the negro, and that his state of servitude was to 
be regarded as perpetual as a law of nature, it was inevitable that 
corresponding men should arise in the North, no less fierce in their 
denunciation of slavery as " the sum of all villainies " and therefore 
to be by all means summarily suppressed. Thomas Jefferson said he 
trembled for his country when he remembered that God is just, 
and there is no doubt that Jefferson's words accurately represented 
the opinions of the best men in the South in his time, who keenly 
felt the incongruity, not to say antagonism, of negro slavery to the 
Declaration of Independence which asserted unequivocally that all 
men are born free and equal ; i.e. that they are by nature entitled to 
liberty and are all equal in the eyes of the law. And they were 
right. How then arose even here such fierce opposition? Nothing 
is easier than the explanation. The rights of men are now theoreti- 
cally recognized in the United States. But the growth of this idea 
has been slow, and the translation of the idea into fact, most diffi- 
cult and effected at the price of blood here, as in all the world. 
The primitive races were nearly always at war, and either killed their 
captives or reduced them to slavery or serfdom. Thus slavery 
became a part of every ancient polity. Even modern Europe was so 
conquered and subdued. Not till the French Revolution, did the 
condition of serfdom cease in France, and begin to disappear from 
the rest of the continent. England was far in advance of other 
nations, but only today, have the people there recovered their 
natural right to rule. 

It is not then surprising, in view of man's injustice to those of his 
own race, that a race so different from the white, should be regarded 
as inferior and by nature destined to serve the superior. Hence the 
unpopular decisions of Chief Justice Taney, of the Supreme Court, 
and Judge Ruffin, of North Carolina, that " the negro has no rights 
which the white man is bound to respect," and that slavery 
being the normal state of the negro, "all means found necessary to 
keep in servitude are justifiable." These justices did but give utter- 
ance to the facts of the case as they found them. 

Now if the rule has been that the weak and ignorant white man 
has no rights which his superior white brother is bound to respect, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 189 

the conclusion becomes even easier in respect to the black man. 
The Greeks and Romans did not respect the rights of their white 
captives ; nor did the feudal lords in Europe down to a hundred 
years ago. But white slavery ruined Rome, and negro slavery 
would have ruined us, if perpetuated much longer. 

The founders of states are usually great men, and to be reverenced 
as our benefactors. So are the leading legislators and administrators 
of civil government. But still higher, morally at least, rank those 
reformers, similar to the Hebrew seers, who are quick to discern, 
and bold to denounce, at all hazards, those corruptions which are 
ever creeping in, and which will prove fatal to any state and every 
political constitution, unless speedily expelled. Of nothing can this 
be 7 predicated with more certainty than of slavery. Calhoun was 
blind to the fact, but Wendall Phillips was keenly alive to it and 
sacrificed all that men hold most dear to his convictions. So did 
Garrison and other leaders, not to speak of the rank and file who 
followed them. The Portland Fessendens, father and son, were 
men of the same noble nature, and cast in the same mould, but 
differed from these radical abolitionists in that they believed in 
political action. And they, too, acted on their convictions as did 
General James Appleton and others of our citizens at that time. 
Still others assented to Garrison's extreme view and conscien- 
tiously followed him. Such, as I understand, were those Friends who 
in this, as in every reform, will be found at the front. Nathan and 
John Winslow, Emma and Harriet Dow, Miriam and Ruth Hussey, 
Maria and Phebe Cobb. To these must be added Rev. Messrs. 
Willey and Lincoln, Charles A. Stackpole, Mrs. Elias and Miss 
Charlotte Thomas, and perhaps before all others, Mr. and Mrs. Oliver 
Dennett, since they were active beyond these, their contemporaries. 
It was by their invitation and generally at their expense, in whole or 
in part, that Garrison, Phillips, Theodore Parker, George Thompson, 
Stephen S. Foster and others repeatedly addressed the people of 
Portland in the old City Hall, Exchange Hall, the "Christian" meet- 
ing-house on Temple street, and the old Friend's meeting-house, 
corner of Pearl and Federal. A meeting of this kind in this last 
named place, was the occasion of a riot which was suppressed 
chiefly by an engine company of which Neal Dow was foreman. 
These good men and women were true heroes, and did yeoman's 



100 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

service. Though vilified then, their work is now lauded and their 
memories are revered, nevertheless they had "the defects of their 
qualities." No less to be honored, are those who differed from 
them on the two points of gradual emancipation and political action. 
Without these, those would probably have affected but little toward 
the great end, emancipation. This required not only these two 
classes, both of whom resorted chiefly to argument, but the admira- 
ble genius of Mrs. Stowe to touch the consenting hearts of our 
countrymen, and finally the assault on the flag at Sumpter to fire 
those hearts, and fuse them, glowing with the white heat of patriot- 
ism, into one. 

We may illustrate by reference to the liberty and unity of Italy. 
This grand event, the emancipation of Italy from the tyranny of her 
oppressors, French and Austrian, required the united efforts of 
Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour, and Victor Emanuel, men who correspond 
almost exactly in genius and services to Garrison, Phillips, the Fes- 
sendens, Grant and Lincoln. We can all see and confess this of 
Italy because we are not blinded by our prepossessions. We should 
see it with equal clearness, and confess it with the same impartiality, 
if our feelings and judgments were not warped by our personal 
prejudices. 

But on this occasion we are to speak not only of these anti-slavery 
men of different parties, but of those who stood more or less aloof 
from the whole movement. There is something to be said not only 
of them, but for them, as well. 

(i) There were those who kept aloof from political considerations, 
either on principle or by sentiment ; they sincerely believed that the 
Constitution was a compromise between the free and slave States, 
and so to be kept in good faith. Others believed, that slavery would 
and must disappear, and all the sooner for our not exasperating a 
really doomed party, viz., the slave-holder. 

(2) Mercantile interests. The business outlook in this busy world 
is always a potent factor in influencing the actions, and even the 
opinions, of men. Portland and Maine were intimately connected 
with the South and the cotton trade, and therefore practically with 
slavery, by our extensive commerce with slave States. Our ships 
filled their harbors, and their sails whitened every sea, carrying 
cotton to all parts of the world. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 191 

Finally, there are the churches. Their good points and good 
works are abundant — too many and too great to be set forth here. 
But their weak point is the fact that their membership and support 
are purely voluntary. And these churches are so numerous that none 
can afford to alienate any considerable number of its friends and 
adherents. Therefore the introduction of the slavery question was 
regarded with fear and disfavor as a rule, the Friends being almost 
the only exception. Examples could be given at length, if necessary, 
to show how serious the difficulty was. In some instances, the 
ministers were in advance, and in others the members. Dr. Chicker- 
ing touched it in his cautious manner, and lo, a meeting of offended 
parishioners was called the next day. On the other hand, Dr. 
Dvvight wished to keep it out, and Gen. Fessenden finally asked for a 
letter of dismission to the Abyssinian church. These two instances 
are sufficient to show how vexed a question it was for the churches 
and their ministers, severely taxing the courtesy and patience of 
both. 

As to the charge of moral cowardice sometimes brought against 
many of the leading pastors and politicians of that day, it was often 
unjust. Who can believe it of Dr. Nichols, «Dr. Dwight, Dr. Pratt, 
or that noble old Roman, Dr. Carruthers, who still lives to be 
honored by all his fellow citizens, as well as by all the churches? 
One of the Maine senators of that period is yet with us, with his 
natural force but little abated. And who that has often met him, 
say at the meetings of the Maine Historical Society, of which he is 
the honored head, could be made to believe that the Hon. James W. 
Bradbury has not a nice sense of honor, or that as a senator from 
Maine, he was capable of pursuing any line of action which he did 
not in his heart believe best for the whole country? The simple 
truth is, that our venerable ex-senator, (Mr. Bradbury), and those who 
at that time thought and acted as he did, were of a generation which 
drew its inspiration from the enthusiasm which was born of the 
Constitution and Union. Memories of the distractions, feebleness, 
and perils of the colonies for fifteen years after Independence was 
achieved, and of their marvelous growth after the Union was formed, 
inspired this generation with a sentiment of reverence for the Con- 
stitution almost religious. There was a passionate desire to perpetu- 
ate the Union that had been formed with so much difficulty, and 



192 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

which had averted so many dangers, as well as secured the blessings 
of peace and unparallelled prosperity. Hence the fear of the anti- 
slavery sentiment when it assumed the form of political action. 
Knowledge of the Southern temper assured statesmen of the Web- 
sterian school, that any direct interference with Southern institutions 
would be followed by secession. They were certain of this and 
dreaded it above all things. As a matter of fact, their judgment 
was correct. The anti-slavery feeling of the North steadily rose, 
followed by the consequences predicted by these statesmen of the 
old school. At so great a price was liberty proclaimed the law of 
the land. These men may have erred, but they were as conscien- 
tious, high-minded and fearless, as any of those from whom they 
differed as to the ways and means most fitted to effect the overthrow 
of slavery without destroying the union of the States. 

Of course, there were selfish and short-sighted people of both 
political parties then as now, and plenty of them in Church and 
State. Those who hated the negro for his color, or despised him 
because a slave, are entitled to no consideration, no mitigation of 
judgment. The one redeeming feature of the war which sprang up 
was that it united all, or nearly all, hearts, and made the North 
essentially a unit, as slavery had made the South practically so. The 
war came, and slavery fell, as it ought anyway, but specially and 
directly, that it would have pulled down the temple of liberty and 
built itself up on its ruins. 

The inception of this daring scheme which finally took the form of 
secession, is generally and justly attributed, to the active brain and 
iron will of John C. Calhoun, the idol of South Carolina, and as true 
a representative of its ruling class, the large slave-holders, as Charles 
Sumner was of the culture of Boston, or better still, our own William 
Pitt Fessenden, of the anti-slavery convictions and conscience of 
this community. 

That I have fairly stated the settled purpose of the advanced 
party and controlling element in the South, was made clear by the 
wanton repeal of the Missouri Compromise. The success of this 
movement in Congress was a great shock to the North and aroused 
the fears of the most careless classes. From that time the people of 
the North knew, that the domineering spirit of Southern slave-holders 
must be checked, or the whole country would soon become a party to 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 193 

the spread of slavery within the new territories, and responsible for a 
policy so shameful. How nearly this subject is related to the pro- 
gress of anti-slavery sentiment in Portland appears from this, that our 
representative in Congress at the time audaciously asserted in a set 
speech, that the repeal of the Missouri Compromise would be well 
received by his constituents and regarded as a measure of peace. 

The negro is here, and to stay. White men brought him here, and 
white men made him free. Now we have the further task of fitting 
him for his duties as a freeman. If he is not thus fitted he will by 
some means be reduced to the condition of serfdom, and possibly a 
war of races might lead to his extinction. But let us resist both 
these impotent conclusions and all attempts to bring them about. 
Our safety, as his, is in doing equal and exact justice to all without 
respect to color or previous condition. If we aim only at material 
wealth and grandeur they will perish, our largest cities, noblest ships, 
and all the monuments of our greatness. But if we fashion human 
hearts after the model of Christ, and mould them on the principles 
of the Gospel, our work will be imperishable. 

To adapt and apply a sentence from Jeremy Taylor we may say of 
the success of the anti-slavery cause what the poet-preacher says of 
all the conquests of Christianity. As we have seen the sun rising 
gradualiy and its rays struggling with the mists which enveloped it, 
till at length it made darkness so disappear, that it was lost in the 
joys and brightness of morning ; so have we seen the cause of human 
liberty contending with tyranny, advancing slowly and with many 
apparent reverses, now nearly strangled by despots, yet fighting 
bravely with its oppressors, and now by praying, suffering and 
dying at last changing despotism into liberty, bondage into free- 
dom, and the spirit of oppression into the genius of universal 
emancipation. 

After Dr. Dalton's address, the chorus sang the two 
negro melodies following: 

JUDGMENT DAY IS ROLLING AROUND. 

Judgment, Judgment, Chorus. 

Judgment day is rolling around ; Judgment, Judgment, 

Judgment, Judgment, Judgment day is rolling around; 

O how I long to go. Judgment, Judgment, 

O how I long to go. 

13 



194 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



I've a good old mother in the heaven, 
my Lord, 
How I long to go there too, 
I've a good old mother in the heaven, 
my Lord, 
O how I long to go. 

There's no backsliding in the heaven, 
my Lord, 
How I long to go there too, 
There's no backsliding in the heaven, 
my Lord, 
O how I long to go. — Cho. 

STEAL 
(By the 
Steal away, steal away, steal away to 
Jesus, 
Steal away, steal away home, 
I hain't got long to stay here. 

My Lord calls me, He calls me by the 
thunder; 
The trumpet sounds it in my soul ; 
I hain't got long to stay here. 

Chorus. 
Steal away, steal away, steal away to 
Jesus! 
Steal away, steal away home, 
I hain't got long to stay here. 



King Jesus sitting in the heaven, my Lord, 

How I long to go there too, 
King Jesus sitting in the heaven, my Lord, 

O how I long to go. — Cho. 



There's a big camp-meeting in the heaven, 
my Lord, 
How I long to go there too, 
There's a big camp-meeting in the heaven, 
my Lord, 
O how I long to go. — Cho. 

AWAY. 
Chorus.) 

Green trees are bending, poor sinners 
stand trembling ; 
The trumpet sounds it in my soul, — 
I hain't got long to stay here. — Cho. 

My Lord calls me — He calls me by the 
lightning ; 
The trumpet sounds it in my soul ; 
I hain't got long to stay here. — Cho. 

Tombstones are bursting — poor sinners 
stand trembling; 
The trumpet sounds it in my soul ; 
I hain't got long to stay here. — Cho. 



The charities of Portland were treated of by Wm. E. 
•Gould, Esq., whose interesting account of the noble 
charitable work of Portland's various organizations 
received the closest attention of his hearers. Mr. 
Gould's remarks follow: 



MR. \V. E. GOULD'S ADDRESS. 

Benevolence cannot be measured by a precious metal. Facts and 
figures cannot tell the story of our charities. Nor can the develop- 
ment of a people in kindly acts be marked with certainty by the 
progress made in science, art, general education, or even by an 
renl morality. High attainments in one direction may reveal a 
lack in another. Nor can statistics of crime show that a community 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



195 



is or is not humane, as all arrests for violation of law are based upon 
the popular will toward certain laws, and are more or less frequent 
as the officers are vigilant or lukewarm. 

Indeed crime may go altogether unpunished and the inference may 
therefore be that the people are highly refined and abounding in all 
good traits, when, in fact, the test is partial, as it takes hold of but 
one idea. 

There are, however, certain proofs which may be relied upon to 
demonstrate the benevolence of a people ; they are the outgrowths 
of individual character; they manifest themselves as results which 
spring from consecrated service to another's need; they probe the 
very motives of character ; and the virtue of an act is to be deter- 
mined not by its expression, but by what is back of it. 

Hence from this standpoint we study our city ; we ask what has 
been accomplished in all these years. Our reply is to be based not 
upon apparent indications, but as we can answer the question — has 
a righteous motive prompted a generous act ? 

We face the benevolence of a hundred years, and we are to analyze 
it as well as to praise it ; and in the light of what is written we can 
justly magnify both the act and the science behind the warm right 
hand. 

A charity may be simply the expression of rank selfishness, or the 
exhibition of a donor's vanity ; or the desire to be rid of importunity. 
We can divide our common gifts into two classes, viz. : those which 
are purely unselfish, and those which are defensive. 

The first, the unselfish, are such as are shown in the history of our 
city when the warm impulses in a new community reach out toward 
neighbors in trouble. They are ingenuous and hearty. 

The other class may be called defensive, or an organized charity 
which try to repel fraud, to discountenance promiscuous begging, or 
endeavors to make lazy people work, or which acts as a proxy for the 
individual conscience, or which is the scapegoat for simple in- 
difference. 

I do not mean to insinuate that all organizations through which 
the individual may prefer to dispense his bounties are devoid of the 
grace of a generous self sacrifice ; but I wish to point out the two 
directions which our gifts may take, and both be useful, though in 
varied expression. 



196 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Looking at the early days of this town we notice that our fathers 
were kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love. In 1796 
the familiar names of Moody, Waite and McLellan, with others, 
were joined in corporate capacity by the General Court of Massachu- 
setts as the Port Marine Society. Thirty-two thousand dollars have 
been paid out to worthy men who have brought to our shores the 
cargoes which have enriched others, while in their declining years 
the shadow of need was crossing their path. To many a widow and 
to the fatherless children, has its bounty been like an angel from 
God. 

In 1803, another society illustrates the idea of an unselfish gift 
brought from a warm heart of a neighbor, to one who through mis- 
fortune has been lead into defeat and want. I refer to the Portland 
Benevolent Society which continues unto this day. 

It is not well to speak of classes in matters of want; but is there 
not something peculiarly touching in the sight of an honorable man, 
who has himself done all that is generous and noble towards his 
associates, stripped by one quick blow of all his goods, or by circum- 
stances over which he has no control, being led with a lovely family 
into hopeless decay and need. Most surely our fathers had this 
feeling of deep sympathy, for they devised wise things for their 
brethren ; and for such as passed into trouble among themselves they 
gave the hand of cheer and the purse with a blessing. 

Few of our citizens can remember the rigid enforcement of the 
Embargo Act of December 21, 1807, which, by prohibiting any 
American vessel from sailing to any foreign port, so seriously 
crippled the prosperity of this city as to bring great distress upon 
many of its most deserving people. In January, 1808, a town meet- 
in- was held to hear a report of a committee raised to devise a plan 
for the relief of the distressed poor. Four hundred dollars were 
raised for the purpose and the recipients were required to work on 
the highways. One year later the town took further action and on 
January 9th, 1809, opened a soup house, which until April 3d, of 
the same year, ministered to 27,662 persons. 

The place selected was about where the present eastern corner of 
the " Old City Hall " now stands. 

The old soup book, used in 1S09, was again opened in 18 17 on 
March first. It is not known whether this charity was from the city 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 197 

or from private hands ; but though there is no recorded authority on 
the city record, yet the soup book tells the story that for five weeks 
an average of about 350 people a day received rations; at any rate 
the town voted to buy the kettles and they were turned over to the 
overseers of the poor. 

A third soup distribution was begun early in January, 1838, with 
an appropriation from the city of $800. This was continued until 
April second of that year. 

A fourth relief of the same nature was in 1866, after our great fire. 
The losses of our people by the disaster of 1866 prompted a gen- 
erous impulse toward other cities as they were visited by fire, flood 
or fever. In a period running from 1870 to 1885 we sent away more 
than $22,000 to the sufferers of Calais, St. John, New Orleans, 
Memphis, Vicksburg, Baton Rouge, Port Huron, Jeffersonville and 
Galveston. 

But the cries from the battlefield in our civil war brought from our 
citizens the largest bounty in any one direction. Competent authori- 
ty place the amount thus donated at $100,500. 

Measuring the years of our city's growth we notice that various 
societies sprang out of what was evidently a need of the time. 
Many an honored mother whose friends or children have been 
removed, has found a comfortable resting place in the home, which 
is so well managed for aged women. Within a few years the fathers 
have had prepared for them a most comfortable abode where the 
fading years may be blest by constant attention. Nor have the little 
ones been neglected. For nearly sixty years the hearts of our kind 
women have cared for hundreds who but for the shelter of the 
Orphan Asylum would have found the earth too large for their tired 
feet. 

Nor can we forget those sympathetic ladies who have since 1828, 
either as the Samaritan Society, or as the Martha Washington Soci- 
ety, or as the Female Provident, or the Female Charitable Society 
looked into darkened homes and helped the mothers and children, 
where perhaps a drunken father has cursed the threshold, and they 
have carried many garments for the aged and the young, or have 
taken food and carried sympathy and good cheer from homes more 
favored. 

For seventy-six years the constant supply of the Bible has been 



198 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

made possible by the yearly donations to the local society for this 
purpose. The mechanic has been cared for at his home when in 
distress ; and during health he and his family have had the privileges 
of lectures, debates, library and schools, through the worthy associ- 
ation which for seventy years has been his pride. 

The seaman has not been friendless when in our port; for more 
than one society has ministered to his necessities, and one special 
church is always open to him with free reading room and well 
selected library. 

The sewing girls had for many years a helper in the Needle 
Woman's Friend Society. The sick who cannot employ a physician 
can always be aided at our dispensary. 

The soldier, or his family, or his orphans, have in the various relief 
corps firm friends, who will never forget what should be only too will- 
ingly granted for those who stood for us in the great battles of our 
country. 

Various churches have funds which in very quiet ways find out the 
needy and carry a practical Christianity to earthly needs. 

The fireman has his dangers as well as his glories, and his society 
has disbursed nore than $10,000 since 1848. And there are scores 
of little springs in the desert which open up comfort to certain 
trades; the engineer and firemen upon our railways, the mason and 
the plasterer, and the longshoremen, all have their charities which 
are wisely dispensed. 

The Provident Association is one of the most systematic of our 
societies, trying to sift out of the multitude of claims for help, those 
which are really needy; endeavoring to save money as well as to 
give. 

Nor should I omit those worthy associations which have for their 
special aim, the help and restraint for young men and maidens. 
Reading rooms, libraries, workshops, evening schools, temporary 
board, all these things we glory in and love to help. 

As we stand upon the Western Promenade we see one of the 
noblest of our charities, not wholly ours, but one that never appeals 
in vain to our sympathies and our gifts. And as the morning sun 
touches its towers, the shadows fall almost upon another retreat just 
removed beyond our boundaries, which daily takes to its fold a 
wandering child, a broken hearted mother or a helpless babe. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 199 

And what more shall I say ? for the time would fail me to tell of 
those thousand quiet gifts which are conveyed so quickly and so 
quietly that the left hand knoweth not what the right hand doeth. 
Not until the future unveils the past will it ever be shown how per- 
haps after all the noblest gift was that seen only by that eye which 
never closeth. 

I had hoped to submit with these remarks a tabular statement of 
all societies which had ever existed in this city, with the lists of their 
varied gifts. The records of so many were destroyed in 1866, that I 
am much delayed, and my attempt may be defeated. But I hope to 
present such a statement at some future time. 

" Charity " was then sung by the Chorus Choir. 

CHARITY. 

Meek and lowly, pure and holy, Hoping, ever, failing, never, 

Chief among the " Blessed Three," Tho' deceived, believing still ; 

Turning sadness into gladness, Long abiding, all confiding, 

Heav'n-born art thou, Charity! To thy Heav'nly Father's will; 

Pity dwelleth in thy bosom, Never weary of well-doing, 

Kindness reigneth o'er thy heart ; Never fearful of the end ; 

Gentle thoughts alone can sway thee, Claiming all mankind as brothers, 
Judgment hath in thee no part. Thou dost all alike befriend. — Cho. 

CHORUS. 
Meek and lowly, pure and holy, 

Chief among the "Blessed Three." 
Turning sadness into gladness, 
Heav'n born art thou, Charity. 

Rev. J. T. G. Nichols, of Saco, was introduced as the 
last speaker. He spoke upon personal reminiscences. 

REV. MR. NICHOLS' ADDRESS. 

The lateness of the hour forbids more than a brief recital of remin- 
iscences which running back to my childhood, cover a space of more 
than sixty years. I remember Portland as a town not of forest trees, 
but of fruit trees, in which nearly every householder had his garden 
and his cow. Along High street, from Congress to Pleasant, on the 
eastern side, were but three dwellings (Matthew Cobb's, General 
Wingate's, and Robert Boyd's), the rest was garden — the garden of 
the latter taking in also a considerable portion of Spring street. 



200 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Down State street, from where Spring now crosses it, to Danforth, 
on the eastern side, were only three houses — the spaces between 
being fields and gardens, while north from the same point up as far 
as Congress, was not a single dwelling. I remember when the long 
row of poplar trees lining this portion of State street, was cut down, 
and elm trees were planted in their places. Up and down Park from 
Gray, almost to Congress street, midway between State and Park, 
was Gray's ropewalk, " long and low," with its tar-house. Park street 
was then Ann street. From the head of High to the end of Congress 
street, on the northern side towards " Deering's woods " (as Deering 
park was then called), was, with the exception of two or three dwell- 
ings, continuous pasture land. From State street, between Gray and 
Congress, west to Bramhall's Hill, was mostly bushes and bog, in- 
cluding two small ponds. There we skated in winter and picked 
berries in summer. 

On Munjoy Hill was but a single dwelling of white persons. It 
was a frequent resort of sportsmen for curlew and plover. 

The town had then no graded public schools. Master Libby's was 
a mixed town school, of good reputation. Master Jackson (of hon- 
ored memory), taught upon the Lancasterian or monitorial system. 
My first visit to the school when I was about ten years of age, is 
impressed upon my memory by the fact that shortly after my entrance 
I was called to the floor to hear a class of boys recite, who were most 
of them more than a head taller than myself. 

The Portland Academy was then taught by Mr. Bezaleel Cushman, 
a man whose name was a synonym for uprightness and fidelity. Mr. 
James Furbish taught young ladies in the same building overhead. 
His success as a teacher some still live to attest and praise. Besides 
these were the school of Master Gregg for boys, and several for 
young ladies, of which particular mention should be made of that of 
the Misses Cross, of Miss Neal, of Madam Wood, and of the Misses 
Martin. 

There were no steam fire engines. Every householder was re- 
quired by law to keep a pair of leathern buckets, a fire-bag and bed- 
key, and carry or send them to the fire. All persons present at a fire 
might be called upon to form lines, by one of which the buckets of 
water were passed to the fire, and by the other the empty buckets 
handed back. Even ladies not infrequently lent their aid. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 201 

There was no railroad in the town. One daily mail coach, with 
two seats for three persons each inside and one outside with the 
driver, and one daily accommodation stage, carrying nine inside and 
two outside, with occasionally an extra chaise, took all the passengers 
who desired to travel "West," as the journey to Boston was then 
called. One daily coach went east and one in the direction of the 
White Mountains. All these were quite as often half empty as they 
were full. The mail-stage for Boston left Portland at 4 a. m., arriv- 
ing at 10 p. m. The accommodation took two days, spending the 
first night in Portsmouth. 

I remember the pulling down of the steeple of the old First Parish 
church. It was supported by short pillars. It was supposed to have 
grown weak with years and to be liable to fall. Once, great was the 
consternation at an evening meeting when the overturning of a bench 
in the gallery caused someone to cry out that the church was coming 
down. But, as it is said, there is a period in human life when one 
ceases to grow old, it was eminently true of the aged church, that it 
had passed apparently the period of decay. Instead of yielding 
easily, as was imagined, to the force applied from below, it was 
necessary to saw off pillar after pillar of the staunch old steeple, 
until all but one were severed; and then only after repeated efforts 
was it moved from its perpendicular and brought to the ground — its 
wood as sound as on the day of its erection. 

The ancient square pews I well remember, with narrow enclosed 
passage-ways to some of them, the seats facing each other, and the 
panels left unrepaired through which the cannon balls of Mowatt 
passed. The chandelier in the center of the church ceiling is still 
suspended from one of the balls. There were no church furnaces, 
but a small iron stove had just been introduced, to the joy of the 
younger members, whom the heat of the foot-stove seldom reached. 

It was customary for families into which death had entered to have 
a "note-up," as it was called, which was generally after this form, 
viz.: "Mr. A. and wife desire the prayers of this congregation that 
the death of a child may be sanctified to them and their surviving 
children for their spiritual and everlasting good." Sometimes there 
were two or more notes from different members of the family for the 
same death, and all family connections made a religious point of 
being present the Sunday following the funeral. 



202 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



In case one desired to join the church, notice was given from the 
pulpit on the Sunday preceding the communion, in the following 
words : "It is the desire of A. B. to become a member of this church 
in full communion." Notice was at the same time given that "the 
ordinance of the Lord's Supper would be administered the next 
Lord's day, and the preparatory lecture will be on Friday evening 
preceding." . The change of this lecture from afternoon to evening 
had been lately made at the request of certain business men, but not 
without earnest remonstrance. 

Marriage publications were posted in a frame with a glass case at 
the church doors for public inspection. Never was a vase of flowers 
in my early days brought to any church pulpit or communion table. 
Only one church in the town (the Episcopal) kept Easter or 
Christmas days. 

But among my many interesting memories of old (i.e., young) 
Portland, none is more deeply impressed than its extraordinary 
galaxy of literary and professional men, and noble women not few. 
It would be invidious to particularize, even if time permitted. But I 
may be allowed to express my conviction that no town of its popula- 
tion in our country could have furnished its superior. I need not 
remind you what introduction the dear old city has had not only to 
the remotest quarters of our own land, but to every city and town, 
almost, I may say, in the civilized world by the honored and beloved 
Christian poet who has told all nations of "the beautiful city by the 
sea." As long as that sea shall wash its shores may its light still 
shine, and its fair record receive no blot; still may it prove itself a 
city that has foundations in Christian faith and rectitude, and its 
children come back from generation to generation with gratitude, 
pride and joy to And here "their lost youth again." 

"To Thee, O Country" was sung by the choir, as 
follows: 

TO THEE, O COUNTRY. 

To thee, O country, threat and free, Upon thy mighty faithful heart, 

With trusting hearts we cling; We lay our burden down; 

Our voices tuned by joyous love, Thou art the onlj friend 

Thy power and praises sing, Who feels their weight without a frown. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 203 

For thee we daily work and strive, O God, preserve our fatherland, 

To thee we give our love ; Let peace its ruler be, 

For thee with fervor deep we pray, And let her happy kingdom stretch 

To Him who dwells above. From north to southmost sea. 

The Mayor read despatches from Stephen R. Niles, 
in London, and Hon. Francis Springer, Columbus 
Junction, Iowa, sending cordial greetings. 1 

The audience and choir united in singing the well- 
known words of — 

AMERICA. 

(Chorus and Congregation.) 
My country ! 'tis of thee, Let music swell the breeze, 

Sweet land of liberty, And ring from all the trees 

Of thee I sing ; Sweet freedom's song ; 

Land where my fathers died ! Let mortal tongues awake ; 

Land of the Pilgrim's pride ! Let all that breathe partake ; 

From every mountain side, Let rocks their silence break, — 

Let freedom ring ! The sound prolong. 

My native country, thee — Our father's God 1 to thee, 

Land of the noble free — Author of liberty, 

Thy name — I love; To thee we sing; 

I love thy rocks and rills, Long may our land be bright, 

Thy woods and templed hills, With freedom's holy light, 

My heart with rapture thrills Protect us by thy might, 

Like that above. Great God, our King ! 

Rev. C. H. Daniels pronounced the benediction, and 
the meeting dispersed. 

1 See Appendix. 



204 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



Women's Philanthropic Associations. 



In addition to the programme for Sunday services as 
arranged by the committee, it was deemed expedient by 
some of the ladies connected with the various women's 
charitable associations of the city to hold a union cen- 
tennial service on Sunday evening, July 4th. This 
service was accordingly held at the M. E. church on 
Chestnut street, and the report of the proceedings we 
take from the columns of the Daily Press of Monday, 
July 5th. 

" A large and representative body gathered in Chestnut Street 
church last evening to testify their interest in the benevolent work 
of the women of Portland. A large platform was filled with repre- 
sentatives of the various organizations. The church was handsomely 
decorated with bunting and a profusion of flowers. Mrs. L. M. N. 
Stevens, whose name is a synonym for philanthropy throughout the 
city and the State, presided. The exercises began with the singing 
of America by the congregation, led by Mrs. Geo. O. Gosse at the 
organ. Mrs. Wm. Clark read a portion of the 15th chapter of John, 
and offered prayer. 

The historical reports appropriately opened with that of the 

FEMALE CHARITABLE ASSOCIATION, 

presented by Mrs. Lewis O'Brion. This society is the oldest chari- 
table organization in the city with the exception of the Portland 
Benevolent Society, which is sometimes called its twin brother. It 
was formed in 18 12, when the distress occasioned by war was ex- 
treme. Through its efforts the destitute were supplied with clothing 
and poor women employed to spin and weave, to knit and sew. A 
sewing-school was opened for girls. Mrs. Polly Hobart left the 
society a legacy of five hundred dollars in 1824, which necessitated 
its incorporation. The original constitution contains some quaint 
features, such as the promise to be watchful over each other in sisterly 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 205 

love, not to divulge each other's infirmities, and engaging that no 
trifling conversation shall be indulged in. The aim of the society 
has ever been to help the worthy poor, especially the aged, widows 
and little children. 

THE SAMARITAN ASSOCIATION, 

reported by Mrs. Henry Blanchard, originated in the First Uni- 
versalist church, and its officers have always been of the same faith. 
It was formed in 1828, at the suggestion of Mrs. Mercy Bisbee, wife 
of Rev. John Bisbee, a woman of great talent and piety. The object 
from the first has been to care for the physical as well as spiritual 
needs of the poor outside of churches. Since 1834 it has raised 
money through fairs in addition to its regular assessments. The 
amount dispensed since its organization is as follows : First thirty- 
nine years, $3,000; next eleven years, $4,871; next eight years, 
$4,731. Boxes of clothing were sent to the soldiers during the war. 
The association now numbers one hundred and thirty-eight members. 

THE FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM 

was represented by Mrs. James L. Farmer. Fifty-eight years ago a 
band of Christian women petitioned the Legislature of Maine for 
" an act to incorporate the Female Orphan Asylum of Portland." 
The act was passed and approved in 1828. Of the officers of the 
first board, Mrs. Henry Smith of this city, and Mrs. Nathaniel Dana, 
now of Wellesley, Mass., alone survive. The aim of the institution 
is to gather destitute or orphan children to be educated and cared 
for until other good homes are provided. 

Miss Harriet S. McCobb gave a report of the 

HOME FOR AGED WOMEN, 

established in 1854. The secretary of the first board of officers, 
Mrs. Charles A. Lord, is still living. Mrs. Neal Dow and Mrs. 
Albus Rea, recently deceased — the last of the original twenty- 
five managers, — gave their untiring services for nearly thirty 
years. The first home, on the corner of Elm and Oxford 
streets, accommodated eight persons. The present commodious 
home on Emery street was completed and occupied in 1872. It 



206 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

accommodates twenty-two inmates, and is always full, with many 
applications ahead. The rules require an admission fee of fifty 
dollars and the surrender of any property owned. No one under 
sixty years of age is received. Since the establishment of the home 
seventy-one aged women have found a shelter there. The property 
of the institution, exclusive of the house and lot in Evergreen 
Cemetery, the gift of the city, is valued at $25,000. 
The account of the 

woman's christian association, 

by Mrs. Asa Dalton, President, was read by the secretary, Miss 
Cornelia Dow. This institution was organized in 1869, and work 
projected under several departments. The first of these in operation 
was the visiting department, whose work was an expansion of that of 
the old Portland Tract Society, formed fifty-nine years ago, which 
society was merged in the association in 1869. The association has 
started a loan library. It has partly sustained Rev. Mr. Wilson as 
missionary at large. A second distinct work of the association has 
been the establishment of a boarding-home for women coming 
to the city to engage in business — teaching sewing and the like. 
A substantial brick house, No. 26 Spring street, was opened in 1874. 
The boarders are in no sense beneficiaries, but pay their way, and 
the home is self-supporting. After thorough repairs it re-opens this 
month with promise of increasing usefulness. There are also relief 
and employment departments, with the germ of a bureau of industry 
and instruction. 

woman's missionary work. 

The report of woman's missionary work in connection with the 
churches of Portland was prepared and read by Mrs. Wm. H. Fenn. 
Fifty years ago the women of one of our churches supported two 
children in Ceylon, one of whom, Frances Chickering, still lives, a 
faithful Christian woman. The women in connection with the Bap- 
tist church contributed over five hundred dollars a year to foreign 
missions. Good work is also done for home missions, and for 
the McAll mission in France. The women of the seven Congrega- 
tional churches organized in 1873 for foreign missionary work, and 
raised about one thousand dollars a year for that field and three 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 207 

hundred dollars a year for home missions. Boxes of clothing are also 
sent. The women of the Episcopal churches contribute about four 
hundred dollars a year to home missions, chiefly for the Oneida 
Indians and for a mission in Mexico. The Free Baptist church con- 
tributes very generously in proportion to its membership, raising two 
hundred and thirty-eight dollars last year for missions, most of which 
was sent to India. The Friends contribute one hundred dollars a 
year to missionary work. The Methodist women of Portland organ- 
ized a W. F. M. society in 1870, to which they contributed over four 
hundred dollars last year. The Roman Catholic sisters of mercy do 
a large amount of home mission work. The Portland Unitarian 
Auxiliary numbers about one hundred members, and contributes one 
hundred and ten dollars a year to Preble Chapel, seventy dollars a 
year to the American Unitarian Association, and about five hundred 
tracts, pamphlets, books and packages to the post-office mission. 
The ladies of the Universalist churches have only recently organized. 
They have contributed sixty dollars to a small mission in Glasgow, 
but have been mainly engrossed in home charities. 

THE INDIAN ASSOCIATION 

was represented by its president, Mrs. Myra Frye. The society was 
organized in 1882. Allusion was made to the recent sad death of 
Frank Modoc, occasioned by his unwarrantable removal with his 
tribe to unhealthy lands. 

THE RELIEF CORPS 

connected with Bosworth and Thatcher Posts were reported by Mrs. 
F. C. Johnston. The former was organized in 1869 and has the 
distinction of being the first association of that kind in the country. 
The object of these societies is well known. 

THE FEMALE PROVIDENT ASSOCIATION 

was reported by its secretary, Mrs. J. H. Coffin. The early records 
were destroyed in the fire of 1866; an old cash book which was alone 
preserved, commences with an entry of $1.00 from Mr. St. John 
Smith, December, 1855. The amount raised by regular subscriptions, 
from 1855 to the present time is about $9,000. But a single dollar 
has ever been given in money. In material, the amounts given since 



208 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

the reorganization, in 1866, have been, in round numbers: 10,000 
yards print, 9,000 yards cotton cloth, 2,000 yards flannel, 1,000 yards 
cotton flannel, 300 yards dress goods, 800 pairs boots and shoes. 
Mrs. J. W. Bashford presented a report prepared by Mrs. A. W. 
Longfellow concerning the 

TEMPORARY HOME FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 

The idea and the first efforts toward a temporary home were the 
direct outgrowth of the W. C. T. U. In 1882 it became a separate 
organization, being incorporated as a State institution. The man- 
agement is in the hands of an executive committee of six, one of 
whom visits the home daily, and reports at the weekly meeting. By 
the gifts of friends a new house and pleasant grounds were secured 
at the West End, in 1884, with no indebtedness. One hundred and 
seventeen inmates have been received and the results in saving the 
fallen and finding homes for fatherless children have been most 
encouraging. The State recognizes and appropriates $500 annually 
for this institution. 

The report of the 

MARTHA WASHINGTON SOCIETY 

prepared by its secretary, Mrs. G. W. Beals, was read by Mrs. 
George S. Hunt. It was formed in 1841, as a total abstinence 
society. Hon. Neal Dow has been a firm friend of the society from 
the first. Among the early officers were Mrs. Dr. Lord, Mrs. George 
S. Barstow, Mrs. Roberts, Mrs. Holden and others. Mrs. Moses 
Dodge, who has held the office of treasurer since 1853, celebrates 
her seventy-fourth birthday on this centennial occasion. 

THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION 

was represented by its president, Mrs. George S. Hunt. The motto 
of the union, "For God and Home and Native Land," expresses its 
aim in a sentence. The women in the Martha Washington Society, 
among the Good Templars, etc., doubtless prepared the way for the 
W. C. T. U. The union, however, grew directly out of the Woman's 
Temperance Society, and was organized in 1879. ^ ne Woman's 
Temperance Society opened the coffee house in January, 1877, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 209 

established the Diet and Flower Missions the summer of 1877, and 
the Police Mission, June 18, 1877. The Diet Mission is now carried 
on by a separate organization, the Flower Mission has just been 
passed over to the Y. W. C. T. U., while the Friendly Inn and the 
Police Mission remain in charge of the W. C. T. U. The Police 
Mission is characterized by deeds, not words. The Police Matron 
looks after from 300 to 400 unfortunate and sinful women a year. 
The coffee house is now called the Friendly Inn, and is kept as a 
lodging house. It embraces a boys' reading and amusement room for 
the winter, and will open a charity kindergarten this summer. 

THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION 

was reported by its secretary, Miss Florence Scales. It was or- 
ganized in January, 1886. The beginning is characterized by much 
enthusiasm and vigorous action, especially in the Flower Mission and 
Kitchen Garden departments. The society is certain to have a 
future. 

The exercises were happily interspersed with music, Mrs. Jennie 
King Morrison and Miss Lizzie Brown rendering solos, and Mrs. 
Morrison and Miss Brown a duet. Dr. Bashford pronounced the 
benediction." 



14 



210 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



THE SECOND DAY. 



OBSERVANCES ON MONDAY, JULY 5TH, 



The day opened auspiciously. A slight shower dur- 
ing the night had cooled the air and laid the dust. The 
weather was pleasant, but not oppressively warm. The 
boys long before daylight began their usual celebration 
of the anniversary of the nation's independence, by the 
discharge of fire-arms and crackers. At sunrise a 
salute of one hundred guns was fired from the Eastern 
Promenade. 

By eight o'clock the streets presented a holiday 
aspect. The public buildings and many stores and 
private residences, which on Saturday had been finely 
decorated, were increased in number until bright col- 
ored flags and bunting greeted the eye in all directions. 
The streets were filled with an immense throng of 
people seeking the best places to view the great parade. 
The ubiquitous vender of lemonade of all colors, and 
candy equally varied in hue, was driving a lively trade. 
Men with toy balloons, and men with all sorts of notions 
were moving about and offering their wares. The 
crowd was constantly increased by fresh numbers arriv- 
ing from the surrounding country and points upon the 
railroads. In some places walking on the sidewalks 
was an impossibility. People accordingly filled the 
roadways, and in the central part of the city moved 
rapidly back and forth to the ever-changing points of 
interest as the troops commenced to arrive and take 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 211 

positions. The police in their full dress uniforms were 
busily engaged keeping clear those places reserved for 
guests and the different divisions in the parade. 

PROCESSION. 

The second day of the Centennial Celebration was 
devoted to the parade and procession. This feature of 
the celebration from the time spent in the preparation 
of its details, and the large number of the bodies and 
associations, who were to take part in the parade, was 
expected to be the attractive feature of the three days' 
celebration. The results fully justified this opinion; for 
at no previous time in the history of our city was there 
such a varied and magnificent display. It not only 
excited the wonder and admiration of the strangers, 
who came from abroad to take a part in and witness the 
celebration, but our own citizens were not prepared for 
such a pageant, illustrating as it did in some of its 
features, the growth and progress of our city during 
the past century. It was the longest procession that 
ever paraded the streets of Portland, excepting how- 
ever, perhaps, the parade of the Grand Army in June, 
1885, being three and a half miles in length. 

" The procession, as a whole, was the most magnifi- 
cent pageant ever seen in the State of Maine. It was 
as varied in its character as it was splendid in all its 
details. It represented the army, the navy, the veterans 
who put down the rebellion, the good old times of the 
past, the schools, which are the hope of the future, the 
civic bodies of the city, the railroads which have built 
up its trade, its manufactures and commerce, and its 
splendid fire department. The display of the trades 



212 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

was a surprise, showing as it did the variety of our 
manufactures and the extent of our business relations. 
Great taste was displayed in the several exhibits, and 
the whole did much credit to the public spirit of our 
business men." 

The gentlemen who were members of the various 
committees under whose direction and by whose labors 
the procession was so successfully carried out, are enti- 
tled to great thanks for their valuable services. 

The procession was divided into nine divisions as 
follows, viz.: i, Naval Division; 2, Military Division; 
3, Historical Division; 4, Public Schools; 2, Civic Divis- 
ion; 6, Transportation Division; 7, Manufacturers and 
Trades; 8, Fire Department; 9, Street Department. 

ROUTE OF THE PROCESSION. 

The route of the procession was as follows, viz.: 
Beginning at City Hall, and proceeded through Con- 
gress, Washington, Cumberland, High, Deering, State, 
Congress, Carlton, Pine, State, Danforth, Park, Pleas- 
ant, High and Congress streets, to Lincoln Park, where 
the procession was reviewed and dismissed. 

The order of formation was according to the follow- 
ing order, viz.: 

Headquarters Chief Marshal, 

Centennial Procession, 

Portland, July J, 1886. 
General Order, No. 3. 

The column of the Centennial Procession will move in the follow- 
ing order. 

By order of H. S. Melcher, Chief Marshal. 
Charles D. Clark, Adjt. General. 
Official : 

Merwin W. Clark, Ass/. Adjt. General. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



213 



PLATOON OF POLICE. 

Chandler's Ba7id. 

Detachment of Battery M, 4th U. S. Art, as escort to Chief Marshal. 

Chief Marshal, Holman S. Melcher. 

Captain Charles D. Clark, A. G. 

Colonel Hollis B. Hill, Chief of Staff. 

Bugler. Colors. 

Colonel Henry M. Sprague, Chief of Ordnance. 

Major Albert A. Nickerson, Inspector General. 

Major William H. Green, Paymaster General. 

Major Charles H. Boyd, Chief of Topographical Engineers. 

Captain Whitman Sawyer, Quartermaster General. 

Captain Geo. M. Seiders, Judge Advocate General. 

George L. Swett, Commissary General. 

Edward C. Jordan, Chief of Engineers. 

Lyman W. Hanson, Chief of Artillery. 

John P. Thomas, Chief of Cavalry. 

Mervin W. Clark, Assistant Adjutant General. 

Arthur K. Hunt, Assistant Quartermaster General. 

AIDS. 



Capt. Horace H. Shaw, 
Capt. Appleton H. Plaisted, 
William Senter, jr., 
Jabez True, 
X. John Little, 
Geo. H. McKenney, 
William L. Dana, 



Capt. Samuel Thurston, 
Caleb N. Lang, 
George M. Young, 
Jere. S. Douglass, 
Augustus H. Prince, 
Fred B. Libby, 
William McLellan. 



honorary staff. 
Gen. Henry G. Thomas, Chief, and the following gentlemen 
mounted. 
Burt M. Woodman, 
Melvin J. Hawkes, 
Elias Thomas, 
Harry G. Thomas, 
Wilbert O. Pitcher, 
F. A. Smith, jr. 
James H. Barnes, 



Mathew Benson, 
John F. Barrett, 
Dr. A. G. Pierce, 
Edward S. Hall, 
John W. Leathe, 
Charles J. Anderson, 
Charles H. Oldham, 



George L. Barrows, 
Joseph H. Day, 
E. H. Baker, 
Levi M. Blake, 
George Tolman, 
Capt. J. P. Marquand, 
Washington Libby, 



214 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



T. Johnson, 
Joseph H. Wolff, 
Amory H. Rogers, 
Frank E. Haggett, 
F. L. Jones, 
John A. Thompson, 
J. A. King, 
James S. Marrett, 



Fred H. Cobb, 
Benj. F. Strickland, 
Fred Groves, 
Daniel P. Horr, 
George S. Hawkes, 
Charles A. Brown, 
John W. Stockwell, 
Freedom Nash, 



John H. Russell, 
Andrew J. Rich, 
Thomas H. Randall, 
Milton A. Jewell, 
Fred A. Kimball, 
Wm. J. Knowlton, 
Dr. Wm. H. True, 
John H. Flannagan. 



FIRST DIVISION (NAVAL). 

NAVAL BRIGADE NORTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON. 

Naval Brigade Band. 

Commander E. T. Woodward, Commanding. 
Lieutenant R. H. McLean, Adjutant General. 
Surgeon F. M. DuBois, Surgeon. 
Paymaster Theodore S. Thompson, Commissary. 
Paymaster H. G. Skelding, Quartermaster. 
Ensign W. S. Sims, Signal Officer. 

MARINE BATTALION. 

Captain J. M. T. Young, Commanding. 

First Lieutenant H. G. Ellsworth, Commanding First Company. 
Second Lieut. C. M. Perkins, Commanding Second Company. 
Second Lieut. C. A. Doyen, Commanding Third Company. 

INFANTRY BATTALION. 

Lieutenant Commander W. Reisinger, Commanding. 
Lieutenant Richard Waimvright, Major. 
Lieutenant H. H. Hostey, Adjutant. 
Past Assistant Surgeon D. N. Bertolette, Surgeon. 
Lieutenant W. Kilburn, Commanding First Company. 
Lieutenant R. M. Doyle, Commanding Second Company. 
Ensign T. W. Kellogg, Commanding Third Company. 
Lieutenant S. Seabury, Commanding Fourth Company. 
Lieutenant York Noel, Commanding Fifth Company. 
Naval Cadet W. W. Joynes, Commanding Sixth Company. 
Ensign B. C. Dent, Commanding Seventh Company. 
Lieutenant W. P. Elliott, Commanding Eighth Company. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 215 

ARTILLERY BATTALION. 

Lieutenant Commander T. A. Lyons, Commanding. 

Lieutenant A. P. Nazro, Major. 

Ensign E. E. Capehart, Adjutant. 

Past Assistant Surgeon R. Ashbridge. 

Lieutenant F. E. Sawyer, Commanding Platoon. 

Naval Cadet B. M. Lombard, Chief of Section. 

Naval Cadet James E. Shindel, Chief of Section. 

Ensign J. M. Orchard, Commanding Platoon. 

Naval Cadet H. A. Bispham, Chief of Section. 

Naval Cadet J. T. Bootes, Chief of Section. 

Ensign Houston Eldridge, Commanding Platoon. 

Naval Cadet A. Rust, Chief of Section. 

Naval Cadet W. W. Gilmer, Chief of Section. 

Detachment from U. S. Revenue Cutter Dallas, with gun. 

Detachment from U. S. Revenue Cutter Woodbury, with gun. 

SECOND DIVISION (MILITARY). 

Yarmouth Brass Ba?id. 

Brig. Gen. Charles P. Mattocks, Commanding Staff. 
Lieut. Col. A. W. Bradbury, Chief of Staff. 
Lieut. Col. D. O'C. O'Donoghue, Inspector. 
Lieut. Col. George F. McQuillan, Commissary. 
Major Thomas P. Shaw, Quartermaster. 
Major Charles W. Bray, Surgeon. 
Lieut. Charles F. Swett, Acting Assistant General. 
Lieut. Elmer E. Waterhouse, Aid. 
Lieut. Charles H. McKusick, Aid. 

FIRST REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

John J. Lynch, Colonel, Portland. 

Edward H. Ballard, Lieutenant Colonel, Augusta. 

Benjamin J. Hill, Major, Auburn. 

Edwin C. Milliken, First Lieutenant and Adjutant, Portland. 

Charles A. Perry, First Lieutenant and Quartermaster, Portland. 

Frank P. Scully, Major and Surgeon, Portland. 

G. Hartwell Brickett, First Lieut, and Assist. Surgeon, Augusta. 



216 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

NON-COMMISIONED STAFF. 

Thomas J. Hogan, Sergeant Major, Portland. 
D. Wilbur Heseltine, Hospital Steward, Portland. 
Thomas J. Lappin, Quartermaster Sergeant, Portland. 
George C. Barrows, Commissary Sergeant, Portland. 
Charles W. Bean, Principal Musician, Portland. 
Walter S. Abbott, Principal Musician, Norway. 

PORTLAND LIGHT INFANTRY, CO. A. 

Benjamin A. Norton, Captain, Portland. 
George C. Barrows, First Lieutenant, Portland. 
George M. Blake, Second Lieutenant, Portland. 

PORTLAND MECHANIC BLUES, CO. B. 

Charles W. Davis, Captain, Portland. 

AUBURN LIGHT INFANTRY, CO. C. 

Fred E. Bisbee, First Lieutenant, Auburn. 

NORWAY LIGHT INFANTRY, CO. D. 

George R. Howe, Captain, Norway. 

Seward S. Stearns, First Lieutenant, Norway. 

William K. Reed, Second Lieutenant, Norway. 

PORTLAND MONTGOMERY GUARDS, CO. E. 

John A. Gallagher, Captain, Portland. 

John A. Hankard, First Lieutenant, Portland. 

Edward E. Philbrook, Second Lieutenant, Portland. 

CAPITAL GUARDS, AUGUSTA, CO. F. 

W infield S. Choate, Captain, Augusta. 
George Doughty, First Lieutenant, Augusta. 
Edwin R. Bean, Second Lieutenant, Augusta. 

BIDDEFORD LIGHT INFANTRY, CO. G. 

Lucius H. Kendall, Captain, Biddeford. 
George W. Bryant, First Lieutenant, Biddeford. 
Timothy Elliot, Second Lieutenant, Biddeford. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 217 

RICHARDS LIGHT INFANTRY, CO. H. 

Edward A. Southard, Captain, Gardiner. 
Alva G. Moody, First Lieutenant, Gardiner. 

GRAND ARMY BATTALION. 

Colonel, E. H. Harmon. 
Lieutenant Colonel, E. L. Prindle. 
Major, Edward E. Philbrook. 

BOSWORTH POST, PORTLAND. 

Fred A. Motley, Commander. 
George F. French, Senior Vice Commander. 
Richard D. Berry, Junior Vice Commander. 
\ William S. Dunn, Quartermaster. 
George H. Bailey, Surgeon. 
Edwin C. Milliken, Adjutant. 

SHEPLEY CAMP, SONS OF VETERANS, PORTLAND. 

William A. Perry, Captain. 

THATCHER POST, PORTLAND. 

John D. Williams, Commander. 

Edward L. Prindle, Senior Vice Commander. 

William H. H. Pettengill, Junior Vice Commander. 

William H. True, Surgeon. 

Charles W. Hadlock, Quartermaster. 

Daniel W. Scribner, Adjutant. 

UNATTACHED COMPANIES. 

Yarmouth Rifles, Captain F. B. Merrill. 

Bath Light Infantry, Captain Harry C. Stetson. 

Portland Cadets, Captain H. C. Eastman. 

THIRD DIVISION (HISTORICAL). 
Buxton Band. 
George Doane Rand, Marshal. 

Aids, J. Winchester Dana, Captain George E. Brown. 
Guidon, Howard Corning. 



218 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

FIRST CAR — INDIAN CAMP. 

Two men in costumes of ioo years ago. 

SECOND CAR — THE COMING OF CLEEVE AND TUCKER. 

Two men in costumes of ninety years ago. 

THIRD CAR THE FIRST HOUSE. 

Two men in costumes of eighty years ago. 

FOURTH CAR — BLOCKHOUSE, 1 689. 

Two men in costume of seventy years ago. 

FIFTH CAR THE HEBDOMADAL TRIBE, GEORGE D. WEEKS, CHIEF. 

Two men in costume of sixty years ago. 

SIXTH CAR INTERVIEW WITH MOWATT. 

Two men in costume of fifty years ago. 

SEVENTH CAR TOWN MEETING. 

Two men in costume of forty years ago. 

EIGHTH CAR — AN EARLY COURT. 

Two men in costume of thirty years ago. 

NINTH CAR — GOING TO CHURCH IN YE OLDEN TIME. 

Two men in costume of twenty years ago. 

TENTH CAR — EXPRESS COACH TO BOSTON. 

Two men in costume of ten years ago. 
Heralds. 

ELEVENTH ALLEGORICAL CAR — PORTLAND. 

FOURTH DIVISION (SCHOOLS). 

Albro E. Chase, Marshal. 
Aids, Nathan Clifford, Fred C. Tolman, William F. S. Brown, 
Arthur B. Fernald. 

Colors. 
Juvenile Band of Brunswick. 

High School — 60 Pupils. 
Marshal, David Welch. 
\id>. John W. Connellan, George G. Gatley, Edward B. Mathews, 
Edwin M. Latham. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 219 

Shailer School — 80 Pupils. 
Marshal, LeRoy S. Moody. 
Aids, Lewis P. Huston, George Neal, Clarence H. Sparrow. 

Primary No. 1, Monument Street — 32 Pupils. 
Marshal, Clarence Brooks. 
Aids, John Gulliver, Fred Oliver. 

North School — 250 Pupils. 
Marshals, Grammar Department, William Hawkins, Thomas Des- 
mond, Ernest Turner, William Farrington. Primary Department, 
Joseph Anderson, John Murphy, Walter Davis, Willie Davis, 
James Connellan, Edward McDonough. 

Center Street — 112 Pupils. 
Marshals, Michael Dooley, Mark Lang, Thomas Closson, Patrick 

Wallace. 
Aids, Joseph Curran, William Casley, Patrick Delaney, John Barrett, 

William McAlmon, Thomas Conley, John Conley, Edward Cady. 

Peaks Island — 20 Pupils. 
Marshal, George Lapham. 

West School — 50 Pupils. 

Marshals, Henry W. Varney, Chas. C. Garland, Ernest Haskell. 

LegauWs Band of Portland. 

Butler School — 130 Pupils. 

Marshals, Frank C. Allen, Leon Riggs, Richard D. Small, Stephen 

T. Rogers, Fred P. Noyes. 
Aids, Edwin A. Merritt, Frank L. Wiggin, Daniel O'Donoghue, 
Charles E. Strong, John K. Symonds, Harry C. Josselyn, 
Winifred D. Denison, Edwin C. Nesmith, Maurice C. Rich, 
Frelon C. Bolster. 

Primary No. 9, Vaughan Street — 35 Pupils. 
Marshal, Arthur Chamberlain. 
Aids, Bertie Edson, Percy Burrowes. 

Primary No. 8, Brackett Street — 125 Pupils. 
Marshals, Wm. H. Clifford, jr., George W. Hersey. 

Primary No. 6, Park Street — 39 Pupils. 
Marshal, Robert Weiss. 
Aids, Charles Brown, Prince Davis. 



220 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Primary No. 5, Spring Street — 52 Pupils. 
Marshals, Paul Goold, Jakie Hume. 
Aids, Edmund Sawyer, John Hayes, Weston Eaton. 
Butler School Drum Corps. 
Cumberland Street School — 80 Pupils. 
Marshals, Fred H. Sanborn, Percy W. Swett, Chas. M. Leighton. 
Aids, Harry Colburn, Arthur Leach, Charles May, Robert Dunbar, 
Almon Rich, Charles Baker. 

Primary No. 2, Chestnut Street — 55 Pupils. 
Marshal, William G. Clark. 
Aids, James C. Smith, Thomas E. Bibber. 

Primary School No. 4, Casco Street — 80 Pupils. 
Marshals, Albert F. Smith, Wm. J. Plummer, Bertram E. Brett. 
Aids, Charles M. Carney, Edward E. Meserve, Fred H. King, 
Albert E. Jordan, Percy Clark, Eugene C. Smith. 

Primary School No. 7, School Street — 44 Pupils. 
Marshal, John Sheehan. 
Aids, George P. King, Gustave Welchman. 
School Committee in carriages. 

Seventeen barges and wagonettes conveying the misses of the 
Grammar Schools. 

Six cars representing allegorical subjects. 

FIFTH DIVISION (CIVIC). 

Institute Band. 
Major Frank L. Mosely, Marshal. 
Aids, Charles F. Tobie, Lewis J. Carney. 

Colors. 
Canton Ridgely, No. 1, Patriarchs Militant — Captain H. C. 
Colesworthy, commanding. Lieutenant W. E. Plummer. 

Canton Ridgely, No. 5, Patriarchs Militant — Lieut. Freeman 
T Merrill, commanding, Ensign Fred E. Haskell. 

Portland Fife and Drum Corps. 
Damon Division Uniform Rank No. 1, K. of I'., of Lewiston — 

John Sabine, commanding. 
Portland Fraternity Cadets. 
Portland Wheel Club — Captain Harry Higgins. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 221 

Carriages. 

Portland Yacht Club, Patriarchs Militant, 

Knights of Pythias, Board of Trade, 

Young Men's Christian Association. 

Irish American Relief Association. 

Grattan Literary Association. 

Maine Charitable Mechanics' Association. 

Sons of Temperance. 

Maine Genealogical Society. 

SIXTH DIVISION (TRANSPORTATION). 

Colors. 

Merryman's Band. 

Walter Tolman, Marshal. 

Aids, Frank D. Rogers, William Allen, jr., John Evans, Dana H. 
Miles. 

Carriage containing representatives of the Maine Central Railroad. 

Carriage drawn by six horses — Maine Central Railroad. 

Carriage containing representatives of the Grand Trunk Railway. 

Two teams drawn by four horses each — Grand Trunk Railway. 

Twelve coaches drawn by six horses each — C. R. Milliken, Glen 
House. 

Carriage containing representatives of the Portland and Ogdensburg 
Railroad. 

Three teams drawn respectively by two, four and six horses — Portland 
and Ogdensburg Railroad. 

Six teams, four two and one horse teams — American Express Com- 
pany. 

One team — Canadian Express Company. 

Three teams — Prince's Express. 

Two teams — International Express Company. 

SEVENTH DIVISION (MANUFACTURES AND TRADES). 

Bridgton Band. 

Herald with Banner. 
George M. Moore, Marshal. 
Fred D. Ellis, Chief of Staff. 



222 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



Aids, Austin D. Sulivan, Martin A. Dillingham, Isaac C. Atkinson, 
Peter H. Bradley, Charles A. Plummer, William P. Goss, Albert 
L. Merry, Joseph H. Lamson, George W. Sylvester, Willard C. 
Ware, William H. Stevens, Albert S. Rines, Charles A. Cushing, 
Win. H. H. Saunders, Thomas P. R. Cartland, Thomas H. 
McDonnell. 

Glover's Band of Auburn. 

Maine Commercial Travellers Association. 

Portland Company. 

Quinn & Company. 

Portland Stone Ware Company. 

Atwood Lead Company. 

G. M. Stanwood & Company. 

Diamond Wrench Company. 

Star Match Company. 
Forest City Sugar Refinery. 
Webb «.V' Cushing. 
Boot and Shoe Manufacturers. 
Shaw, Goding & Co. C. J. Walker & Co. 

Lord, Haskell & Co. B. B. Farnsworth. 

A. F. Cox & Co. John P. Thomas. 

Bridgton Band. 

Miscellaneous Firms. 



True Bros. 

Cook, Everett & Pennell. 
Chas McLaughlin & Co. 
Cousens & Tomlinson, 
Conant, Patrick & Co. 
Fletcher & Co. 
Washburn iV SkillingS. 
S. A. & J. H. True. 

qs & Co. 
l'ei ley, Russell & Co. 
1 )ana & ' !o. 
A. H. Sawyer. 
Twitchell, Champlin «S: Co. 
Swift & Co. 



J. W. Perkins & Co. 

H. H. Hay & Son. 

W. & ('. R. Milliken. 

Shaw, Son & I lawkes. 

H. S. Melcher & Co. 

F. A. Smith & ('<>. 

Howes, Hilton & Harris. 

s. W. Thaxter ,\: Co. 

J. B. Donnell. 

I. S. Bean. 

A. T. Hall. 

F. D. Lunt & Co. 

John L. Best. 

A. E. Stevens & Co. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



223 



C. E. Jose eSc Co. 

Cumberland Bone Co. 

L. C. Cummings & Co. 

F. O. Bodge. 

John Conley & Co. 

Berlin Mills Co. 

S. W. Larrabee. 

Rumery, Birnie & Co. 

Gilbert M. Soule. 

Samuel Rounds. 

Clark Bros. 

George Rounds. 

Frank Gould. 

C. H. Pike. 

McCue & Walsh. 

C. W. York. 

Parker & Nagle. 

Plummer Bros. 

O. C. Evans. 

J as. T. Knight. 

Walter Corey & Co. 

T. P. Beals. 

T. H. McDonnell & Co. 

Portland Carpet Beating Co. 

J. F. Merrill. 

Boston & Portland Clothing Co. 

A. H. Coe. 

Wm. P. Goss. 

A. Little & Co. 

Millett & Little. 

Megquier & Jones. 

E. B. Robinson. 

New England Organ Co. 

Algernon Stubbs. 

Portland Advertiser. 

Portland Globe. 

Zenas Thompson, jr. 

C. G. Robinson. 



A. A. Mitchell. 

C. W. Belknap & Co. 
Daniel T. Kelley. 
Kendall & Whitney. 
W. L. Blake cS: Co. 

W. H. Simonton & Son. 
Legrow Bros. 
S. M. Smart. 
Randall & McAllister. 
J. Larochelle. 

D. S. Warren. 
J. L. Watson. 
Randall Johnson. 
William Haggett. 
Isaac Little john. 
R. H. White. 

W. E. Carter. 

A. N. Hawes. 
K. McDonald. 
Durgin & Crocker. 
Tenney & Dunham. 
T. F. Foss & Sons. 
R. T. Davis & Co. 
W. H. Winslow & Co. 
John N. Lord. 

B. A. Atkinson & Co. 
A. L. Merry. 

R. F. Somers & Co. 
Chinese Laundry. 
Eastman Bros. & Bancroft. 

C. E. Bean. 
Owen, Moore & Co. 
Samuel Thurston. 

J. L. Brackett & Co. 
J. H. Lamson. 
Evening Express. 
Horse and Carriage Mart. 
G. W. Jones. 



224 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

W. H. Dunham. P. H. Bradley. 

Goudy & Kent. West & Calderwood. 

W. H. Whittier. George Hudson. 



Thomas Carey. 



Cavalcade of Grocers. 
Provision Dealers. 



EIGHTH DIVISION (FIRE DEPARTMENT). 

Cataract Engine, No. i (1802). 

Atlantic Engine, No. 2 (the first engine built here). 

Peaks Island Engine, No. 1. 

Norway Band. 

Board of Engineers. 
Officers and Members of the Department. 
Machigonne Engine and Hose, No. 1. 
Portland Engine and Hose, No. 2. 
Cumberland Engine and Hose, No. 3. 
Falmouth Engine and Hose, No. 4. 
Casco Engine and Hose, No. 5. 

NINTH DIVISION (STREET DEPARTMENT). 
George S. Staples, Marshal. 

Colors. 

Ox train of 1786 for road building. 
Modern street sweepers. 
Road roller of 1836 — fifty years ago. 
Steam Road Roller of 1886. 

Accounts of the Procession as published in the 
Portland Daily Press and Portland Daily 
Argus of Tuesday, July 6th: 

" It was about half-past nine o'clock when the naval brigade from 
the North Atlantic Squadron landed and moved, in a long column of 
marines, blue-jackets and artillery, up Exchange street to Chestnut 
street, where they formed in line to await the starting of the pro- 
cession. By this time there were signs of preparation on every 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 225 

street in the central part of the city. The historical tableaux were 
lumbering out from behind business blocks and taking in their 
occupants — men in cocked hats, knee breeches and remarkable wigs, 
women in great bonnets and antiquated gowns, girls in white robes, 
and boys in every fashion of garb. Mounted officers clashed hither 
and thither in the dense crowds that lined the whole length of 
Congress street, from the corner of Washington to the cross streets 
far up town. 

About ten o'clock the school children marched into position at 
Lincoln Park, and formed in a line which extended the whole 
length of the Park on Congress street. They stood arrayed in their 
best clothes and whitest collars for full half an hour waiting for the 
van of the procession. The commercial travelers, in white stove- 
pipes and linen dusters, crowded on to the grand stand behind the 
school boys, and joined the urchins in cheering the naval brigade, 
the Governor, the venerable fathers of the city, and other people or 
objects of interest when the procession was starting. The Heb- 
domadal Indians, with great fluttering of feathers and scalp locks, 
moved to their positions just before the procession was ready to 
start. They were much admired by the line of school boys, and the 
drummers answered their war whoops with cheers. No barter was 
attempted, however. 

At ten o'clock the streets were closed to teams, when the booming 
of cannon announced the formation of the procession, and carriages 
were hurried into side streets. 

As the hour for the line to move approached, steps of the houses 
and buildings were taken possession of by the crowd. The boys 
were equal to the occasion, and every fence and post had its 
occupants. While waiting for the parade to appear on the different 
streets there was plenty to attract the attention of the people. In 
Lincoln Park the great balloon was slowly assuming shape as the gas 
flowed into it, and on every hand there was something of interest. 

At the instant the signal guns were fired (10.30 o'clock) the van of 
the procession started down Congress street, picking up the various 
detachments as it moved. Nearly every cross street added its con- 
tingent to the line, and after the naval brigade had been marching in 
the van for an hour and a half the rear of the line had not started. 
It was not until the bells of the city were ringing for noon, and the 
15 



226 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



war-ships in the harbor were firing the noon salute, that the fire 
companies began moving from their place of formation on Federal 
street to take their places in the rear of the long line. Behind the 
fire department was the street department, and it was past noon 
when the steam road machine began to rumble along, the last and 
by no means the least remarkable object in the long caravan. By 
this time the van had passed from Congress street to Washington, 
and thence into Cumberland, and had been on the march for over an 
hour and a half. 

A; a few minutes after half-past twelve o'clock, while the last 
division was swinging into line down on India street, the people in 
Lincoln Park heard the music of the leading band as the head of the 
column reached the City Hall, having nearly completed the march. 
Immediately after the members of the staff of the chief marshal 
dashed up to the Congress street entrance to the Park, escorting the 
Governor and his staff, the naval and military officers, and other 
guests who had ridden in barouches in the procession. The 
■occupants of the carriages alighted and ascended the steps to the 
Ion- reviewing stand which had been built behind the iron railings 
of the Park. Governor Robie and his staff occupied seats about 
midway between the entrance and franklin street. Next came the 
officers from the squadron and the military officers, with members of 
the City Government and distinguished guests, who occupied seats 
upon both sides of the entrance. As the procession passed the stand 
the numbers upon it received accessions as the gentlemen who had 
ridden in other parts of the procession came forward to see the 
passing of what came behind them in the long line. The first 
arrivals had scarcely taken their seats before the head of the pro- 
11 reached the Park, and then for an hour and a half the long 
line moved on by the stand, each division being greeted with _ 
applause by the spectators, and their salutations being returned by 
the gentlemen upon the stand. 

First came the detached platoon of the policemen, looking finely 
in their handsome uniforms and marching with precision. Chandler's 
discoursing the best of martial music, preceded the detach- 
ment of Battery M, fourth United States Artillery, which act 
■escort to the chief marshal. The regulars marched with the pre- 
cision of veterans, and, with the sunlight shining on their arms and 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 227 

accoutrements, presented a fine appearance. Major Hoi man S. 
Melcher and his staff, dressed in their neat uniforms, consisting of 
dark coats, top boots, gauntlet gloves and soft felt hats, then moved 
by the stand and wheeled into line on the opposite side of the street. 
After them came the honorary staff of fifty horsemen under the 
command of General Henry G. Thomas. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

The naval brigade of the North Atlantic squadron composed of 
the officers, seamen and marines of the flagship Tennessee, the 
Swatara, the Galena and Yantic certainly was one of the prettiest 
and most attractive features of the parade. The naval men, with 
their weather-beaten faces, bronzed by tropical climates and stormy 
winds, appeared as a fine body of soldiers and the manner in which 
those tars paraded, the way they carried themselves, keeping step 
with the sounds of the marches furnished by the famous brass band 
of the flagship Tennessee, certainly put many a landsman to shame, 
and the praises and commendations bestowed upon such a fine and 
handsome body of officers and men, were certainly not misplaced, 
but well deserving. 

In front of the brigade marched Commander E. T. Woodward, U. 
S. Navy, the commander of the forces, dressed in a well-fitting dress- 
coat, bound with gold laced stripes and wearing a service cap of blue 
naval cloth, and as well as everybody in the brigade, supplied with a 
pair of snow-white, well-fitting duck leggins. After their commander, 
followed in line abreast the personal staff of Captain Woodward, 
composed of Lieut. R. H. McLean, the handsome Adjutant General, 
Surgeon F. M. Dubois, Paymaster T. S. Thompson, Commissary, 
Paymaster H. G. Skelding, Quartermaster and Ensign W. S. Sims, 
signal officer. 

A tall, handsome drum major, Mr. James Liebe, U. S. M. C, of 
flagship Tennessee, headed the excellent brass band of the flagship 
which, dressed in their full dress uniform with helmets, marched in a 
manner which could not for a moment betray to the observer that 
those musicians travelled on the deep blue sea in our naval vessels. 

The marches played by the band were fine ones, and the music 
furnished was delivered in an excellent manner. 

The marine battalion under command of the gallant Captain J. M. 



228 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

T. Young, the fleet marine officer of the North Atlantic Squadron, 
was welcomed with cheers and the noble soldiers certainly did honor 
to their flag, and maintained also on this occasion their well earned 
reputation. The marine battalion was composed of three companies, 
which were in charge of the following named officers of the United 
States Marine Corps: First Lieutenant H. G. Ellsworth, commanded 
the first company ; Lieutenant C. M. Perkins, the second ; and Lieu- 
tenant C. F. Dogen, the third. 

After the marine battalion, came the second battalion of the N 
Brigade, Lieutenant Commander W. W. Reisinger, U. S. Navy. A 
short, stout and very fascinating officer headed the battalion of 
infantry of blue jackets; his staff was composed of the following 
named officers who came next to their hero commander : Lieutenant 
Richard Wainwright, as handsome an officer as ever bore his coun- 
try's colors; Lieutenant H. H. Hosley; Adjutant and Passed Assist- 
ant Surgeon, D. N. Bertolette. This battalion consisted of eight 
companies. 

In the center of the battalion the color-guard of the Tennessee 
was noticed, bearing the beautiful silk battalion flags and the National 
ensign borne by Corporal Julian Delaney, U. S. Navy. 

The Infantry men carried rifles and all were furnished with 
canteens. 

The third and last battalion of this portion of the procession was 
the Artillery. 

To see a parade of men-of-war's-men certainly is a rare sight, but 
to see a battalion of Naval Artillery a still rarer one, and great 
interest was aroused when the ships' guns in the form of artillery 
field pieces were dragged along. The guns consisted of four three- 
inch breech loading howitzers, boat guns, and two of the wholesale 
death-dealing machines, the Gatling guns, guns which fire at the rate 
of from noo to 1300 shots per minute. 

This battalion was commanded by Lieutenant-Commander T. A 
Lyons, l~. S. Navy, the executive officer of the U. S. Steamer Galena. 
To the left of the Colonel was Lieut. A, 1' Nazro, of the Tennessee, an 
excellent officer and a handsome soldier, the Major of the artillery; 
1 2 1 I . 1 I arpsehart, Adjutant, and P. A. Surgeon Richard 
Ashbridge, were the other officers on the Colonel's stall'. 

The first platoon of artillery was under the charge of Lieut. F. E. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 229 

Sawyer, and the field pieces of this section were commanded by 
Cadet R. M. Lombard and Cadet James E. Shindel. Cadet Shindel 
is the officer who had charge of the rescuing party of sailors, which 
so gallantly saved the property from the burning schooner, Lizzie 
Baker, in this harbor the week previous. Ensign J. M. Orchard com- 
manded the second platoon. The following named officers were in 
charge of pieces : Cadet H. A. Bispham, Cadet J. T. Bootes, Cadet 
Arnistead Rust and Cadet W. W. Gilmer. 

We feel confident, and everyone to whom we have spoken on this 
subject acknowledge and say with us, that it is an impossibility to 
bestow too high praise, too much honor upon the naval brigade ; the 
sailors, marines and their officers certainly deserve the highest credit, 
and we cannot help but thanking and expressing our highest grati- 
tude to Capt. Robert Boyd, the chief of staff of the North Atlantic 
Station, this handsome son of Portland, the noble sailor, for pre- 
senting to the city so magnificent and noble a sight as we saw in 
the naval brigade which participated in the parade. 

A detachment of officers and sailors from the revenue cutter 
Woodbury, in port, followed the naval brigade, and appeared as a 
fine, though small body of men. A muzzle-loading gun, placed on a 
wagon handsomely decorated with a U. S. revenue flag and pennants, 
and drawn by four horses, with a jolly tar for driver, followed. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

The military division, headed by the Yarmouth band, followed the 
blue jackets. The First Regiment of the Maine Militia is a well 
drilled and good looking body of men, and never marched better than 
on yesterday when with full ranks and moving in excellent order the 
companies swept by the grand stand, following General Charles P. 
Mattocks, marshal of the division, and his staff, and Col. John J. 
Lynch, commanding, and staff. The troops, just from the annual 
muster, had the bearing of veterans and they won the praise of all 
who saw them. 

The soldiers of today were followed by the soldiers of twenty-four 
years ago, forming the Grand Army battalion under command of Col. 
E. H. Harmon. The members of Bosworth Post, Commander Motley, 
and Thatcher Post, Commander Williams, wore the Grand Army 
regalia and turned out with full ranks. A color guard from 



230 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Bosworth Post had charge of the battered battle flag of the 13th 
Maine, which was torn and worn in the campaigns of the rebellion. 
The tattered flag of the First Maine Battery was also carried. With 
them were carried the staffs of a number of captured Confederate 
flags, the flags themselves being kept in Washington. The Boxer 
gun on a decorated floor was drawn after the Grand Army Posts. 

Shepley Camp, Sons of Veterans. Captain Wm. H. Perry, were in 
the battalion and did themselves credit. 

The unattached companies came next. There were four of them, 
the Portland Cadets, Captain Eastman ; the Yarmouth Rifles, 
Captain Merrill; the Bath Light Infantry, Captain Stetson, and the 
inity Primary Cadets who, forty-five strong, in the gray uniforms 
showed themselves worthy of marching with the other companies, 
and that is saying a good deal for them. About 500 men were in the 
ranks in this division. Carriages containing the following were 
escorted by the military: 

Gov. Frederick Robie, Mayor Charles J. Chapman, Hon. Wm. D. 
Pennell, Lewiston, President of the Senate; Gen. Samuel J. 
Gallagher, Augusta. 

Col. Augustus C. Hamlin, Bangor; Col. F. M. Guptill, Saco ; Col. 
Samuel X. Campbell, Cherryfield ; Col. Charles C. Burrill, Ellsworth. 

Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, Bangor; Col. Albert B. Nealley, Lewis- 
ton; Col. William B. King, Calais; Col. Frank D. Pullen, Bangor. 

Col. Wm. A. R. Boothby, Waterville ; Col. Wm. F. Boardman, Calais ; 
Col. Enoch C. Farrington, Portland ; Col. Frank C. Knight, Rock- 
land. 

Col. George E. Dole, Bangor; Col. Ruel T. McLellan, Portland; 
Col. J. Frank Hayden, Bath, 

Governor's Council — Hon. Silas C. Hatch, bangor; Hon. A. R. 
bixby, Skowhegan ; Hon. Joseph A. Locke, Portland; Hon. Andrew 
R. G. Smith, Whitefield. 

( laptain Robert Boyd, Fleet Surgeon Jackson McKlwell, of the U. 
S. flagship Tennessee. 

mmander Chester, Chief Engineer White, of the U. S. S. 
Galena; Chief Engineer Andrade, Lieut. Sharrer, of the U. S. S. 
Swatara. 

Mini. mder Green, Fleet Surgeon Kidder, Flag Lieutenant 
Abbott, Surgeon McGregor, of the U. S. S. Yantic. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 231 

Hon. Joseph R. Bodwell, Hallowell ; George F. Emery, Portland ; 
Col. Henry S. Osgood, Portland. 

Collector Samuel J. Anderson, Surveyor Bion Bradbury, Appraiser 
E. R. Pierce, Postmaster J. S. Palmer. 

Maj. J. A. Smith, U. S. A. ; Capt. Frank Barr, Lieut. Rogers, 
Engineer Barrows, of the Revenue Cutter Dallas. 

Lieut. Quinnon, First Engineer Remick, Second Engineer Water- 
man, of the Revenue Cutter Woodbury. 

Rev. John W. Chickering, d. d., Massachusetts; Rev. Elijah Kel- 
logg, Harpswell ; Hon. S. F. Parcher, Mayor of Biddeford ; Hon. L. 
M. Haskell, Mayor of Auburn. 

Gen. Horatio C. King, New York; D. Fuller Appleton, New 
York; Hon. Isaac A. Jack, St. John, N. B. ; Hon. Henry L. Gregg, 
Mayor of Hudson, New York. 

Hon. Horatio King, Washington, D. C. ; Hon. John Lynch, Wash- 
ington, D. C. ; Hon. Henry Carter, Haverhill; Rev. J. P. T. Ingra- 
ham, St. Louis. 

Rev. Hugh Smith Carpenter, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Major Charles W. 
Stevens, Boston ; Dana Estes, Boston ; John H. McDonough, Boston. 

Prof. Henry L. Chapman, Bowdoin College; Leander Stevens, 
Boston ; George H. Shirley, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Hon. D. Gowan, 
Mayor of Lewiston. 

William D. Little, Portland; John T. Walton, Portland; William 
G. Kimball, Bridgton ; Joseph Brooks, Kennebunk. (See Appendix). 

Thomas G. Caldwell, Boston; George A. Hanson, Lynn; E. C. 
Carrigan, of the State Board of Education, Massachusetts ; H. E. 
Fickett, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Cyrus K. Babb, Boston. 

Rev. J. T. Nichols, Saco ; Samuel Longfellow, Cambridge : Chas. 
P. Ilsley, Cambridge ; N. Goodwin, Watertown, Mass. 

Edward L. Greuby, Wm. S. Philbrook, Capt. S. Mitchell, Col. B. B. 
Miller, all of Boston. 

George W. Merrill, Bangor ; G. H. Soule, Stockton, Cal. ; C. F. 
Ring, T. J. Long. 

Rev. Horatio Ilsley, South Freeport, Me. ; Harry W. Lord, of the 
East Boston Press. 

Charles A. Tilton, Chairman of the Board of Selectmen, Cape 
Elizabeth ; G. W. Leighton, Chairman of the Board of Selectmen, 
Westbrook. 



232 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Aldermen George W. Beale, Horace II. Ricker, Thomas Mi Mahon, 
William M. Marks, Herbert G. Briggs. 

Councilmen John P. Hobbs, Richard K. Gatley, Henry P. Dewey, 
George Trefethen, Michael C. McCann, Daniel S. Murphy, Joseph 
A. McGowan, Patrick J. O'Neil, Richard H. Parker, Henry P. Cox, 
John Williamson, George H. Abbott, Edward W. Kent, Ansell G. 
Dewey, John C. Roberts. 

Assessors John W. York, Stephen Marsh, William O. Fox. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Historical Tableaux ' composed the third division. Probably this 
division was awaited with as much interest as any part of the pro- 
cession. The tableaux were eleven in number, ending with a grand 
allegorical car representing Portland. They were all mounted on 
what are called floats ; and each but one, which was drawn by oxen, 
was drawn by four splendid horses. As they passed through the 
streets, with their streamers and banners of many colors floating in 
the breeze, with their proudly caparisoned steeds, and amid the 
cheers and applause of the spectators, they formed a grand pageant. 

Tableau No. i, The Natives, was drawn by four horses, with 
red housings, on which Indian tomahawks were embroidered. The 
scene on the float represented an Indian wigwam in the midst of the 
forest. The sides of the wigwam were adorned with Indian symbols, 
and there were erected the tripods from which depended the 
kettles containing the food which the squaws were preparing for the 
meals of the warriors. Indians were also grouped about, engaged in 
their various occupations. The ground of this float was covered with 
turf, skins secured in the chase were scattered about, scalps were 
suspended from a pole, showing that the braves of the tribe were at 
home. The scene was intensely life-like and gave a good idea of the 
primitive Portland, or Casco, as it was then known in 1633. This 
float was under the especial care of Mr. Charles G. Haines. 

Tabli vu No. 2, The Approach, represented the approach of 

Cleeve .md Tucker, our first settlers, to Portland. On a large float, 

drawn by four horses, with housings decorated with pine trees, was 

ted a boat of the shape then in vogue, sixteen feet in length, and 

e appendix fur illustrations of these Tableaux. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 233 

rigged with a lateen sail. In this boat were Cleeve and Tucker, 
Cleeve's wife and daughter, and Tucker's wife, all attired in the 
costume of the period. The forward part of the boat was decked 
over with canvas, and here was stored the furniture of the new 
settlers who were making a landing on the shores of Maine. The 
boat, on a decorated base, was surrounded by water. This tableau 
was under the direction of Mr. Fred A. Tompson, of Fassett & 
Tompson, architects. 

Tableau No. 3, Cleeve and Tucker Building the First 
House. — Our new settlers having arrived, are in this tableau pre- 
sumed to be at work erecting their residence. This float had a 
decorated base, and bore the date, 1633. It represented Cleeve 
and Tucker in the costume of the seventeenth century, hard at work 
constructing their log cabin. Around stretched the primeval forest. 
Stumps of trees were scattered here and there, while lying near at 
hand were the guns and other implements of the chase ready to be 
used either as against the approaches of the hostile Indians or as a 
protection from the wild animals who prowled under cover of the 
woods. The housings of the horses were embroidered with an 
Indian head. This tableau was under the charge of Mr. J. Calvin 
Stevens. 

Tableau No. 4, The First Block-house, represented an old 
fashioned block-house hemmed about by the forest. Here, sheltered 
by the giant trunks of the trees, the Indians lay in ambush, while 
ever and anon the report of a gun would be heard as a shot was 
fired at the occupants of the block-house. In response, the settlers 
in the fort took advantage of every movement of the redskins to put 
in a leaden messenger whenever the opportunity offered. The float 
was drawn by four horses, on whose housings were represented block- 
houses. This float was under the charge of Mr. George D. Rand. 

Tableau No. 5, Munjoy's House. — Following the block-house 
was Munjoy's house, a well-built pioneer's cabin. A sturdy settler, 
with his brave wife, defended the doors of their home against the 
savage attacks of the Hebdomadal Indians, who swarmed about the 
place. For a while the savages were unsuccessful ; but finally a 
painted heathen went down the chimney just as house and settlers 
rolled away. The advantage was with the Indians. 



234 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Tableau No. 6, The Mowatt Conference, represented the 
scene on the sloop-of-war Canceau, the flagship of Mowatt's fleet, 
when Dr. Coffin, Gen. Preble, and Robert Pagan — a committee 
from this town — visited Capt. Mowatt to ask him not to bombard 
the town. In answer to their remonstrance, Mowatt said that " if 
the inhabitants would, in the morning, by eight o'clock, deliver up four 
pieces of cannon, with their arms in general, and ammunition, in that 
case he would do no harm to the town until he had despatched an 
express to Admiral Graves, in command of the station, to obtain 
leave to save the town." The sloop-of-war Canceau, as represented 
on the float, was a fine model of a sloop-of-war, twenty-five feet over 
all. She was painted black, with white ports, and showed that she 
carried sixteen guns. Her yards and topmasts had been lowered, so 
as to clear away for action, and eight guns could be seen on deck 
amidships. The English flag was hoisted at the peak, and the craft 
was manned by English tars. On the quarter-deck were Captain 
Mowatt, and Lieut. Hogg, his chief officer, in full uniform, and Dr. 
Coffin, Gen. Preble, and Robert Pagan, representing the citizens, in 
appropriate garb. The float was drawn by four fine horses, with 
black housings, embroidered with anchors. This beautiful tableau 
was designed from the model in the Historical Society's collection, 
by Mr. Arthur M. Sawyer, who had charge of the float. 

Tableau No. 7, The Town Meeting, represented the scene after 
the return of the committee from the interview with Mowatt on the 
Canceau, on October 18, 1775. The float presented a shingle roof 
building drawn by four horses whose housings were embroidered 
with the Pine Tree Flag. The float bore the date of the meeting. 
Within these walls were gathered the representative men of the town 
at that time, such as Parson Smith, General Preble, Robert i 
and others. As the float passed along the streets the different repre- 
sentatives of the citizens rose and addressed the meeting on the 
subject before them and it was voted under no consideration to 
comply with Capt. Mowatt's demands. This tableau was under the 
< harge of City Engineer Goodwin, and the men. in dress and general 
features well corresponded to the dignified bearing of the citizens of 
that stirring period. 

Tableau N<». 8, Justice, represented the Court of that day in 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 235 

session. The front of the float displayed criminals undergoing the 
peculiar punishments of the time. There was a prisoner tied to 
the whipping post and undergoing the lashes that would perhaps still 
do good if the same penalty was in vogue today. Another criminal 
was doing penance in the stocks. At the rear of the float was a 
shingled roofed building representing the court-room where the 
justice and lawyers in their gowns and wigs, with solemn and meas- 
ured language, tried the cases brought before them. The housings 
of the horses were embroidered with Justice's scales. This float was 
under the charge of Mr. S. M. Watson. 

Tableau No. 9, Ye way we went to Meeting in ye Olden 
Tyme, was represented by a wagon drawn by a yoke of oxen, and all 
the figures were dressed in the long-waisted coats and knee breeches, 
the short skirted dresses, capes and bonnets, broad buckled shoes 
and long yarn stockings of the Revolutionary times. This wagon 
was under the direction of Mr. George E. Brown, and the characters 
were seated in old-fashioned chairs. 

Tableau No. 10, The Old Oaken Bucket, represented the old 
fashioned well of 1786. The well itself was formed of rough hewn 
logs, which had become moss-grown by time. There was the long 
old-fashioned well sweep, and the bucket, moss-covered, that raised 
to the curb was brimful of the sparkling element drawn from its cool 
depths. The well was attended by a group of girls, and the float 
was under the charge of Mr. Augustine D. Smith. 

Tableau No. ii, Carrying the Mail, represented an old-fash- 
ioned stage-coach filled without and inside with passengers in the 
old-time costume. Six fine horses drew the mail. The driver, the 
guards who blew their post-horns, were all mounted and armed to 
resist the advances of highwaymen, The luggage on the rack was 
covered with canvas on which was painted the old stopping places, 
Saco, Biddeford, Portsmouth, Newburyport, Salem and Boston. 
Over the top of the coach was the inscription Portland and Boston, 
and underneath the coach was suspended a keg marked " Sun 
Tavern, New England Rum." Mr. George M. Moore was the 
designer and had charge of this tableau. 

The Allegorical Car. — The closing and greatest feature of the 
historical display was a grand allegorical car representing Portland. 
The car was a float drawn by six horses and as large as one of the 



236 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

largest circus chariots, although it represented a triumphal car in 
style. The dasher was shaped like an eagle and gilded. The dec- 
orated car was festooned with rich cloths of various hues. On either 
side was the city seal, Hanked with dates, in scroll work, 1 786-1886. 

The car body was shaped like a pavilion, while the rear of 
the chariot was fashioned in the shape of an horn of plenty, from 
which sprung a cluster of handsome flags. The slender decorated 
Pompeian pilasters were canopied with rich satins of all colors, with 
streamers from the center of the canopy diverging to the sides of 
the car. The corners of the car were formed of shields. On a 
high throne at the back of the car sat a female figure represent- 
ing Portland, wearing the mural crown and grasping the caduceas 
or Mercury's wand, and representing prosperity. In front, on other 
elevated platforms, sat other female figures. The platform occupied 
by the figure of Portland bore on either side a scroll with the word 
" Salve." The front of the car was composed of a smaller pavilion, 
retaining (lie general features of the main car, and this was also com- 
posed of rich satins, while small banners decked the canopies of 
both pavilions of the chariot. This smaller pavilion was also occu- 
pied by female figures, attired to represent — as did those in the 
larger — history, science, painting, commerce, architecture, sculpture, 
poetry and manufactures, while Minerva, with helmet and shield, pre- 
sided over the smaller pavilion. History bore the trumpet and open 
book; Poetry a wreath of roses and manuscript trimmed with laurel; 
Science, the globe and composer; Commerce, the trident and anchor; 
Manufactures was enthroned on bales of goods; Architecture bore a 
book of design; Painting, the easel and brush; Sculpture was mod- 
eling. Amidst all the beautiful surroundings of this magnificent 
allegorical tableau, with its beautiful women, its flags and streamers, 
its gilded ornaments, its lamps of an Eastern pattern, its rich satins 
and ribbons, flowers with their fragrance in tall Egyptian jars, and 
rare potted plants were distributed, heightening the Oriental e 
To the artistic taste of Mr. H. P. Brown, the well known artist, is 
due the success of this pageant, and the designing of this, the finest 
allegorical tableau ever seen in Portland. 

The tableaux was preceded by three mounted knights as fiei 
Messrs. Little, Keith and Weston. The housings of the horses that 
drew the car were of purple and old gold. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 237 

The historical tableau special committee was composed of Messrs. 
H. B. Brown, William M. Marks and Augustine D. Smith. 

English Jack dressed in buckskin and carrying a rifle, rode after 
the historical tableaux in a decorated barouche. 

FOURTH DIVISION. 

Mr. Albro E. Chase, Principal of the High School, was the marshal 
of the division made up from the schools, and he headed a fine repre- 
sentation of the pupils of the public schools, nearly seven hundred 
of whom were in line. The Boys' Band of Brunswick headed the 
eighty pupils from the High School, who bore a banner with the 
motto, "Possimt quia posse videntur." 

The pupils from the Shailer school came next with their appropriate 
banner. The stout young fellows from the North school with their 
banner and motto, " Knowledge is Power," were next in line, and 
then came a long column, all marching proudly, wearing badges and 
many dressed in appropriate uniforms. The other schools carried 
banners with the following inscriptions : 

North Primary School — " No Footstep Backward." 

West School — " Education." 

Butler School — " Education Makes the Man." 

Cumberland Street School — " Step by Step." 

Primary 4 — " Upright and Loyal." 

Primary 5 — " By Perseverance we Conquer." 

Primary 6 — " Excelsior." 

Primary 7 — " Work Conquers." 

Primary 8 — " Our Schools Our Country's Hope." 

Primary 9 — " Loyal to Our City." 

Drum corps from the different schools made music for the small 
marchers if not for others, and all the boys enjoyed the parade hugely, 
judging from their happy faces when they marched by the reviewing 
stand looking as fresh as when they started. 

The Allegorical Cars. — The series of allegorical floats or cars 
following the boys were six in number, and occupied almost exclu- 
sively by members of the public schools. The horses on all the cars 
had plumes and coverings of a grayish stripe and were driven by 
neat looking drivers in white caps, shirts and belts. The decorations 



238 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

of these cars reflect great credit upon the taste and skill of Mr. John 
L. Shaw, who had labored not in vain to make them a beautiful and 
prominent feature of the procession. 

The first float represented the thirteen original States, and was 
drawn by two horses. Like all the rest, it had its name in large 
characters upon the side. The trimmings were red and white stripes 
draped about the base with red and blue bunting. Persian rugs 
covered the floor. In this group were thirteen young ladies dressed 
in white with red and blue ribbons. The shields on their heads were 
decorated with blue ribbons with the name of the original State on 
each. 

The second car, The United States, drawn by four horses, was 
lined by small American flags and festooned with the national 
bunting. The States were represented by thirty-eight girls dressed 
in appropriate costumes. On their heads were shields, each bearing 
the name of a State on red ribbon. From an elevated seat in the 
rear of this car the Goddess of Liberty presided. The colors red, 
white and blue figured conspicuously. 

Next in order was the Centennial Car, prettily trimmed and cov- 
ered with narrow stripes of blue and white and bordered at the top 
and bottom with bunting of red, white, blue and orange. Little gold 
stars surrounded the top, Persian rugs covered the floor, and chairs 
of appropriate styles were upon this car. It was drawn by two horses 
and contained three couples. The first couple were decorated with 
costumes of the Revolutionary times. The second couple showed a 
transition of fifty years leaving Brother Jonathan with his stove-pipe 
hat and abbreviated pantaloons. The last pair showed what modern 
art and science have contributed to make man stylish and elegant. 

The fourth car, Music, was drawn by four horses. The national 
colors were almost the only ones used, the scroll work around the top 
being of the same colors. The car was filled by thirty children with 
red, while and blue gauze caps, having on the front a star and harp. 
In the rear with a golden harp the "Queen of S >at upon a 

tiful i hair beneath a red and white striped canopy. The national 
airs were prettily sung by these children as the gr< ssion 

moved along the route. 

The car of Agriculture, drawn by four horses, had a large square 
platform and was one of the richest in colors in the whole series, th e 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 239 

principal colors being blue and white upon a background of orange. 
Implements and fruits of the harvest were artistically arranged at 
the corners and sides of the car. The " Queen of the Harvest " 
wore a hat trimmed with wheat and a rich tarlatan veil with gilded 
leaves upon it and on her shoulder carried a golden cornucopia filled 
with emblems of a successful harvest. The three Catholic schools 
of this city filled this car with thirty misses who sang their harvest 
songs in a very pleasing manner. 

The last car of the series was Flora, drawn by four horses. The 
songs were well given by young lady graduates of the Portland High 
School, who in dresses of white, decorated with flowers, made this 
car one of the prettiest and most attractive. The "Flower Queen" 
on her commanding seat added to the beauty of the group. 

Following the floats came ten barges closing the division and 
carrying young ladies from the schools. Members of the school 
committee rode in carriages in the division. 

FIFTH DIVISION. 

Next to the school children came the civic bodies, headed by 
the Institute Band of twenty-four pieces from Biddeford, and mar- 
shaled by Major Frank L. Moseley. Fifty uniformed Odd Fellows 
of Grand Canton Ridgeley, No. 2, Patriarchs Militant, were in line. 
They were uniformed in black and crimson, and bore a banner of 
red, white and purple, with gilt devices. 

Twenty-seven Knights of Pythias, of the Uniform Degree Rank, 
from Lewiston, dressed in black, with white helmets and red plumes, 
followed, marching to the music of the Maine State Fife, Drum and 
Bugle Corps. 

Twenty-four members of the Portland Wheel Club followed on 
bicycles, with two more on tricycles, commanded by Captain Harry 
Higgins. They moved two abreast, and the tricycles brought up the 
rear, decorated with banners. The wheelmen were uniformed in 
brown, and made a fine appearance as they moved past the reviewing 
stand. 

Following the wheelmen was a very pretty float, prepared by the 
Portland Yacht Club. The club displayed on a car, with ornamented 
base, decorated with blue and red drapery, on which were placed 
oars and boat-hooks crossed. In the center of the car, on a raised 



240 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

platform, was a schooner-yacht in full sail, five feet over all, and 
eight feet in length from the end of the jib-boom to the end of the 
main-boom. Every feature of the yacht was perfectly ship-shape, 
and drew the enconiums of all old sailors. On the platform about 
the yacht were yachting emblems, such as swivel guns, steering 
apparatus, etc. At the peak was the yacht club flags, at the fore the 
American Hag, and at the main the private signal of the yacht. The 
housings of the horses were marked with the monogram "P. Y. C. " 
After the float came the officers of the club, G. C. Owen, Henry G. 
Smith, and Perez Griffin, in a carriage. 

After the officers of the Yacht Club were carriages containing 
officers of the following societies : 

Officers of the Cumberland Bar Association, Byron D. Verrill, 
Esq., Hon. Nathan Cleaves, Sewall C. Strout, Esq., Geo. F. Holmes, 
Esq. 

Officers of the Odd Fellows, Grand Secretary Joshua K. Davis, 
Grand Representative J. Henry Crockett, Department Commander 
of the State Oren B. Whitten, Grand Patriarch Milton Higgins. 

Officers of the Knights of Pythias, Albert T. Marsh, Elliott King, 
(harks B. Nash, George C. Ricker. 

Officers of the Board of Trade, President Joseph E. Blabon, Vice- 
president Charles McLaughlin, Secretary M. N. Rich, Treasurer 
Charles S. Fobes. 

Officers of the Young Men's Christian Association, A. R. Verrill, 
V. R. Foss, H. W. Shaylor, N. D. Winslow. 

cers of the Grattan Literary Association, President W. W. 
Mclntire, Vice-president J. B. Bresnan, Secretary J. H. Conway, 
Treasurer Peter O'Connor. 

() hi cers of the Maine Charitable Mechanics' Association, M. A. 
Blanchard, J. B. Thorndike, A. F. Gerrish, R. B. Sewall. 

Officers of the Sons of Temperance, S. L. Carleton, Henry Towle, 
I. H. McDonald, James I . Sheldon. 

Officers of the Maine Genealogical Society, S. M. Watson, Charles 
Burleigh. 

1). I\. Jack, Esq., Spanish Vice Consul at St. John, \". 1!., John T. 
Hull, Clerk of the Centennial Committee. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 241 

SIXTH DIVISION. 

Merriman's Band, twenty-five pieces, headed the sixth division, 
under the command of Marshal Walter Tolman. This division was 
devoted to transportation companies. First came the Maine Central's 
display. On a float drawn by six horses was a train bound for 
Mt. Desert. A lady passenger looked out of a car window very com- 
placently, and the bell of the engine rang at suitable times. Extend- 
ing over the train, like the sides of a tent, were two large paintings of 
Bar Harbor. This was one of the best executed and most elaborate 
pieces in the whole procession. On the housings of the horses the 
words "Maine Central" were inscribed. The engine was partly 
hidden by the paintings, but appeared to be a powerful machine. 
The car attached to the engine was of modern and luxurious ap- 
pointments, if outside appearance indicate anything. The picture of 
Bar Harbor attracted great admiration along the whole route, and 
was among the most conspicuous objects that passed the reviewing 
stand. 

Six representatives of the Grand Trunk Railway followed in a 
carriage : Agent F. Smith, John Evans, D. Menish, W. Noyes, J. N. 
Martin, and Robert Hay, district superintendent. 

The display of the Grand Trunk Railway followed, and consisted 
of two of the most unique, appropriate and generally admired repre- 
sentations in the procession. Over each team, which was drawn by 
four spirited horses, was a frame-work fifteen feet long and four feet 
wide, covered with canvas. Over the first team, at each corner, 
floated the American flag. On either side of the frame, painted 
upon the canvas in water colors, was a representation of the elevator 
in use thirty years ago. This was of special interest to our citizens 
as compared with the team which followed. It showed at a glance 
the growth and development of the Grand Trunk Railway. The old 
mode of elevating was pictured most minutely. Instead of an im- 
posing structure like the one now in use, there was no building at all. 
Two cars, one painted green and lettered " A. & St. L., 690," the 
other painted brown and marked "Grain Car, G. T. R. of Canada, 
No. 1014," stood out conspicuously upon the roughly planked wharf 
with its slim piling. Opposite the door of car 1014 was a bin placed 
upon the wharf, into which, men were engaged in shoveling grain, 
which ran down into hoppers constructed on a belt running under- 
16 



242 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



neath the wharf and then up to a spout projecting into a one-masted 
schooner named the " Pathfinder, St. John, N. 13.,'' lying at the side 
of the wharf. This painting also gave a view of the harbor, with the 
water slightly rippled, and Cape Elizabeth in the distance. On the 
end of the frame, in red and black letters and figures, was the fol- 
lowing : " Exported in 1855, 500,000 bushels of grain ;" and below, 
"At. & St. L., leased to G. T. Ry., August, 1853." 

The second team was decorated similar to the first and showed on 
the large frame already mentioned a most realistic representation of 
the present Grand Trunk elevator as viewed from the head of Gait 
wharf. The elevator, with colors flying from the flagstaff, stood out 
prominently upon the canvas, while this painting also gave a view of 
the harbor, with several small boats sailing by, and Cape Elizabeth 
opposite. Painted on the end of the frame work, in large characters, 
was the following: "Exports, 1885, 3,000,000 bushels of grain." 
Under this were painted the American and English shields? from 
which projected flags of both countries, and a scroll bearing the 
motto, " Vis unita fortior" 

Much credit is due Mr. F. Smith, agent, Mr. Duncan Menish of 
the mechanical department, Mr. D. F. Corser and Mr. John Evans 
for the success of these representations. 

The coaches sent by C. R. Milliken, of the Glen House, in the 
White Mountains, followed the Grand Trunk's display. To each 
coach six fine horses were attached, and with the ten coaches full of 
well-dressed people who had been taken in along the route, the 
procession made an impressive show as it passed the reviewing 
stand. 

next in order, the floats of the Portland & Ogdensburg R. R.. 
were remarkable and floe features of the parade. Mr. Alexander C. 
hart, master painter of the road, had the matter in charge, and 
spared no pains to accomplish the end in view. In the procession 
1 pissenger car. freight car, and sleigh, mounted on wheels. 
The first was an observation car. a fai simile of those in use among 
the mountains, and was handsomely painted and adorned with four 
scenes on the line of the railroad, by Mr. I rquhart. These pictures 
are of merit, and attracted much notice. Their subjects were 
"Seb I ke," "The Mountains and Valleys," "Looking thn 
the Noti li," and "(den Ellis Tails." In front of the car, surrounded 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 243 

by flags, was a veritable young eagle, which had become so domesti- 
cated that it did not leave its perch during the line of march. Red, 
white and blue bunting hung in festoons from the top of the car. 
The length of the car was 25 feet, and there were seats for a number 
of passengers. This car was drawn by six horses, driven by Mr. Will 
Lowe. The cars were built by Mr. W. G. Brewer, master carpenter 
of the road. The freight car is No. 12,175, an< ^ twenty feet long. 
"Ocean to ocean without transfer," was its motto. It was loaded with 
freight marked to different parts of the country. Four horses, driven 
by Mr. Frank Brackett, furnished the power that moved the float. 
The old sleigh, a part of the display, was intended to represent the 
mode of transit in vogue in the White Mountains one hundred years 
ago. 

The express companies came next. The American Express 
Company had four teams. One of them, drawn by four horses, was 
filled with twenty-six orphan children from the Orphan Asylum. 
The other three were loaded with packages bearing prominent labels 
of Portland business firms. The Canadian Express Company had 
one, the International two, and Prince's three teams. 

SEVENTH DIVISION THE TRADES. 

The display made in this division by the various trades of the city 
was the finest thing in that line ever seen in New England. Too 
much praise cannot be given to our merchants and other business 
men for the grand spectacular treat which their enterprise afforded 
to themselves and the people who looked with delighted eyes upon it. 

First came a mounted herald with banner. The banner had fol- 
lowing lines : 

" We tread all ways of industry, 
And many trades pursue, 
Unknown in day of olden time 
When our good town was new." 

Marshal George M. Moore and Aids. 

Bridgton Band — 24 pieces. 

Commercial Travellers' Association — 200 men. 

The Maine Commercial Travellers' Association, two hundred 

strong, marched in two companies, one in white tall hats and the 

other in straw hats. Each man wore a badge with a picture in gold 



- I 1 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

of a drummer standing on his sample trunk. They were an intelli- 
gent looking set of gentlemen and the bland smiles "caught on " all 
along the route. They were the observed of all observers. 

Portland Company's Car. — The general outline of this car 
consisted of a platform fifteen feet long, nine feet wide, and four feet 
high, divided longitudinally by a partition nine feet high, having an 
arched form at the top, containing the dates 1846-18S6, and the 
words " Portland Company." In the centre of each side of the 
partition was a painting, one side representing a modern locomotive, 
the other a steamboat; the remaining space was occupied in adver- 
tising the business of the company. Below the paintings on 
each side of the partition were displayed the finished parts, in iron, 
steel and brass, of a locomotive, arranged on a series of terraced 
supports with red background. Around the sides and back of the 
car, also red in color, were placed in symmetrical designs various 
patterns in black, of driving, car and barrow wheels, cog wheels, 
pulleys, grate bars, etc. In the centre of the car and over the arch 
was a ten-inch steam whistle, and at the end of the same a loco- 
motive bell and frame. At each corner, supported by a bronze pipe, 
was a six-inch steam whistle ; these supports were connected by tubes 
having an arched form, at the corners of which, sat brass steam 
gauge holders, the tubing and supports being wound with colored 
1 Hinting. The car was drawn by four horses, each having a red 
covering, also advertising the company. 

The Portland Water Co. had two single teams loaded with 
goods pertaining to their work, also employees. 

Portland Rollim; Mills had a four-horse team drawiug a drag 
with iron bars, nails, &c. 

The Diamond Wrench Company was represented by a team 
covered with a platform on which were a number of the company's 
shipping cases. On the sides of the platform against a black back- 
ad the words "Diamond Wrench" were spelt in wrenches 
to form the letters. At the rear, were wrenches similarly placed in 
the form of a diamond. A large sign on the top of the display read, 
" Manufacturers of Patent Steel Wrenches, 22 \ Newbury Street.'* 

The Portland Stone Ware Company had four teams. The 
first had a workman turning at the wheel ; the second hail vases 
tilled with flowering plants: the third was loaded with huge drain 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



245 



tile ; the fourth had stone jars and fire brick and tile. On the side 
of the manufacturing car was a verse, held to be written by Long- 
fellow, and hung in the old Benj. Dodge pottery, near Green street : 

" No handy craftman's art 
Can to our art compare ; 
We, potters, make our pots, 
Of what we, potters, are." 

Charles P. Babcock made a fine display of Damon's safes, new 
and one that had stood the test of fire, drawn by a handsome team 
belonging to E. C. Chase. 

Megquier and Jones, brass work, etc. : a double team with 
platform surmounted by a Dolphin compass stand and loaded with 
specimens of goods, solid brass cannon, bell, gong, andirons, and 
other brass and bronze goods, making a very handsome turnout. 

G. M. Stanwood & Co. had a fine jigger surmounted by frame 
displaying all kinds of goods dealt in, and work done by shipsmiths : 
pulleys, blocks, bolts, capstan, pumps, etc. A fine display. 

The Forest City Sugar Refinery was represented in the 
procession by one of their large sugar trucks decorated with flags 
and emblems and drawn by four gray horses. This truck bore on a 
platform nineteen feet long and eight and one-half feet wide, the 
most important pieces of machinery used in the refining of sugar, 
a copper vacuum pan, four and a half feet in diameter and seven feet 
high. Also, barrels of sugar and other packages illustrative of this 
important business. The sides of the platform bore the name of 
the company in large letters. 

A jigger drawn by two horses was in line to represent Swasey, 
Lamson & Co. On the team was a large crate filled with straw and 
outside of it were hung many different kinds of pots, jugs, cans, etc. 
A man at the top of the crate, dressed in calico and having on a 
fierce looking mask, kept the crowd interested by his antics. 

Rufus Tibbetts had a team displaying bricks. 

Webb & Cushing represented their shoe manufacturing business 
by a large jigger drawn by four horses and containing a McKay 
sewer in operation, with which the workmen in the team was busily 
making boots and shoes with a rapidity which afforded a striking 
contrast to the cobbler working in the style of one hundred years 
ago. Beneath the old cobbler were the words "1786, this way, six 



246 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

pairs a day"; while beneath the modern machine was the sign, 
"1886, this way, 720 pairs a day." The team, besides the firm's 
name, had such signs as "pay-roll, $52,298.67," "employ 150 hands, 
making 180,000 pairs a year." The horses had handsome housings 
of yellow plush with red and gold trimmings, the lead horses also 
had bibs with initials of the firm. The housings of the pole horses 
bore in blue the name of the firm and a kid figure of a shoe. The 
harnesses of the lead horses were made of the same kind of thread 
used in making the shoes. 

The consolidated exhibit of the manufacturers and jobbers of 
boots and shoes was placed upon a large team sent from Boston and 
drawn by six large horses, with decorated harnesses. The exhibit 
consisted of one hundred and thirty cases of boots and shoes made 
and shown by Portland firms. Upon the sides of the teams were 
signs bearing these words: "Portland's Boot and Shoe Industry — 
Manufacturers and Jobbers." The firms represented were: Chase 
Knight & Co., Lord, Haskell & Co., B. B. Farnsworth ,Y- Co., J. P. 
Thomas & Co., A. F. Cox & Son, Shaw, Goding & Co., Charles J. 
Walker & Co., W. B. Sawyer & Co., L. P. Hawkins, Fairbanks & 
Stone and Montgomery Bros. 

J. J. Lappin & Co, sent a four-horse team loaded with grain and 
flour. 

True Brothers, brushes, had a single team, ornamented and 
carrying a beautiful sample case of goods manufactured by the firm 
and surmounted by their sign. 

W. & C. R. Milliken. This concern had in line a jigger loaded 
down with barrels, and boxes filled with groceries. 

COUSENS & Tomlinson had to use three teams to display their 
specialties. The first contained general groceries. Among the 
specialties displayed were Snowflake corn, Foss' extracts, soap, etc. 
The second team contained their brands of flour. This team had 
\ barrels of flour. The third team had three hogsheads of 
molasses. 

Shaw, Son & Hawkes had one two-horse team, draped with fl 
bunting, banners, plumes, etc., loaded with tea, coffee, sugar, etc., all 
the specialties of the firm. 

II. S. Melcheb & Co. sent a double team draped with bunting 
and flags, loaded with goods dealt in by the firm. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 247 

F. A. Smith & Co. sent two double teams, one loaded with three 
hundred and fifty boxes of Beach's Washing Soap ; the other, with 
assorted load of groceries just as sent to depot. Flags, bunting, 
labels, etc., representing load of soap. 

Fletcher & Co. had one double team loaded with goods dealt in 
by the firm, a shield on the side with the dates 1835 — 1886. 

Conant, Patrick. & Co.. had one four-horse team — gray horses — 
with framework ornamented with firm name printed in colors and 
loaded with Ashton Salt. 

Howes, Hilton &: Harris had one six-horse team, red, white and 
blue housings, with plumes, loaded with goods, their specialty, the 
Huron dairy salt: one four-horse team, with gold and maroon 
housings, loaded with the goods of the Akron Milling Co., the A. M. 
E. Cereals. 

J. B. Donnell & Co. sent one double team, adorned with flags 
and buntings, and loaded with flour and other goods sold by them. 

Perley, Russell & Co. had a high wagon, with a canopy formed 
of flags and streamers, with handsome lanterns suspended from the 
sides, and a large coil of rope in the centre weighing 1700 pounds. 

Dana & Co. had one double team with frame covered with bags 
of Eureka salt — one enormous bag, seven feet high, with firm name 
and goods dealt in on sides of this bag. 

A. H. Sawyer had a team to advertise their specialty — the 
starchine and starch of the George Fox Starch Company of Cincin- 
nati, draped with pyramid surmounted by a fox — the occupants with 
fox masques. 

I. S. Bean -had two single teams loaded with tempting fruit, one 
of them surmounted by a hammock swinging with a most contented 
occupant. 

A. T. Hall sent a single team with advertisements of business, 
large banner advertising Swedish stove polish. 

Twitchell, Champlin & Co.'s enterprise was shown in their 
second team. This contained men making brooms, the machinery 
running the same as if in their own establishment. It was a very 
interesting sight. On the first team were large boxes, with advertise- 
ments of the "Lucky Strike" tobacco and S. Ottenberg & Bros, 
cigars. 

H. Ellis & Co., of Baltimore, in connection with display of 



248 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Twitchell, Champlin & Co., had a handsome two-horse barouche 
advertising Bengal Cheroots. 

The Glohe Tobacco Works of Louisville, Kentucky, had an 
agent in a two-horse buggy distributing a thousand specimens of the 
manufactured article. 

Tin: Winslow Packing Company sent a load of boxes of canned 
goods on a fine four-horse team belonging to W. G. Chase. 

S. A. & J. H. True had a double team, with bunting and flags, 
loaded with samples of goods sold by the firm, grain, flour, etc. 

Stevens & Co., sent single teams loaded with salt, and trimmed 
with bunting and flags. 

M. A. Dillingham had two teams, a delivery wagon and a team 
with signs and decorations. 

J. P. Hall had a nice milk wagon, doing credit to old Falmouth, 

J. L. Best, wholesale dealer in meats, had five of their own teams, 
followed by six retail teams doing business with this establishment. 

The Portland Beef Company had two single teams, horses and 
wagons, decorated with flags and bunting. 

A. E. Stevens & Co. had a double team, ornamented with flags 
and bunting, with carriage wood, top and trimmings, drill press, 
blacksmith's culling vice, Buffalo forge bellows, etc., every variety of 
iron and wood work pertaining to a carriage, and a buggy set up 
complete from their own goods. A great novelty in this line. 

Cook, Everett & Pennell had three teams in line, all gaily 
decorated with bunting and flags. The first team was ornamented 
with red, white and blue bunting, and contained boxes of drugs 
consigned to various parties, cans and demijohns. The second team 
was devoted to paints, and contained scores of samples of every 
shade. The third team was devoted to patent medicines, and held 
a pyramid made of boxes bearing on them the sign, "Old Doctor 
Cummings' Sarsaparilla and Dock." 

J. W. Perkins & Co.'s team contained chemicals, drugs, sponges 
.ind even the boy was covered with them, or rather, with one. 

II. II. Hay & Son sent two teams. The first contained drugs and 
represented the retail department. The second, representing the 
wholesale department was loaded with paints, etc. 

A. S. Minos, druggist, had a single team loaded with boxes of 
medicine to be sent in all directions. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 249 

John Conley & Son had a double team loaded with various kinds 
of oil dealt in. The team was adorned with flags and bunting. 

W. L. Blake & Co., oils and railroad supplies, had a single new 
team with a regular locomotive headlight, draped with flags and ban- 
ners, lanterns, brass fittings, steam whistles, lighted switch lanterns. 

A. A. Mitchell sent one six-horse team with Bay State fertilizers, 
Planet junior goods, ornamented with bunting and flags. One three- 
horse team with fertilizers, ornamented on the sides with harvest 
scenes. All gray horses and fine harnesses. 

The Cumberland Bone Company had one four-horse jigger with 
attractive signs of firm goods. A four-ox team, each ox of seven 
feet girth drawing a hay cart loaded high with bags and barrels of 
Cumberland super phosphate, covered with posters printed in colors. 

Daniel T. Kelley — This concern had four teams in line. The 
first was trimmed with bunting and was filled with plows made at the 
foundry. Following this, were three mowing machines built by Mr. 
Kelley, each drawn by two horses. The first machine was an odd 
size, the first of the size ever built in this city, having a scythe which 
would cut six feet. An improved Champion horse-rake was the last 
team in this display. 

F. O. Bodge sat in a nice carriage drawn by a pair of handsome 
horses. On one side of this carriage was painted " Old Kentucky," 
on the other, "Holdfast," on the back, "Weisinger & Bate, Louis- 
ville, Ky." From the carriage he distributed over 10,000 pieces of 
Prune Nugget tobacco. 

Berlin Mills Company sent one four-horse team drawing a model 
of sawmill, pond and platform, sides, gang and circular saws, 
drawing the logs from the water. 

W. H. Simonton & Son — ship timber, slate, etc. — sent one team 
with miniature house covered with the roofing slate sold by the firm, 
with flag and signs giving firm name. 

Legrow Brothers' Display. — One of the most charming and 
unique displays in the procession was that of Legrow Brothers, the 
well known lumber dealers on Preble street. There were two teams. 
In the first we saw the rude, undecorated log cabin, solid and 
substantial, and picturesque in its primitive simplicity. The logs, 
fresh hewn from the forest, with the chinks stuffed with moss, 
brought vividly to our minds the picture of long ago and was so 



250 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



suggestive of the red man's reign that, in fancy, we could see the dusky 
form glide around the corners and hear the shriek of the war-whoop. 

In the second team we saw the wonderful change that a lapse of 
century has brought us. A splendid cottage, beautiful in its 
architectural proportions of the Queen Anne style, greets our 
wondering eyes. What a contrast to the former. No means had 
been spared to make it artistic and handsome as the other was plain 
and homely. Handsomely tinted windows flashed in the sunlight 
and the pointed gable, the pretty verandahs, the beautiful lawns and 
the sweet scented flowers spoke of wonderful foresight and ingenuity. 
Surrounding the whole was a pretty fence which completed the 
charming picture. 

W. H. Stowe was the architect and Hugh Flynn, the painter, and 
nothing was spared in ingenious skill to contribute to its appearance. 
Floyd & Palmer were the carpenters, and their work was unrivalled. 
Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon Mr. Melvin Eldridge, who 
was the first to suggest the invention and who worked unceasingly 
until everything was accomplished. 

Gilrert M. Soule had a double team drawing a lumber shed 
filled with specimens of all kinds of lumber sold by him. The shed 
was covered with the names of the kinds of lumber dealt in. 

Joseph Larochelle, coal and wood, had three teams, one with 
children, two with coal and wood. 

Geo. H. Rounds, coal, had two teams draped with bunting and 
. with signs appropriate to the trade, the teams carrying children. 

R \ndall & Johnson, hay, straw, etc., had a single team with 
specimens of merchandise sold. 

C. II. Pike, coal and wood, had a single team with children. 

McCue & Walsh, coal, had two teams with coal and wood. 

I. Ln i lejohn, coal and wood, had a single team with "children 
in the wood." 

C. W. York-, wood and coal, had one double and four single teams 
loaded with all kinds of wood and coal sold at his yard. The teams 
were adorned with flags, bunting, etc. 

W. E. ( ' \k i ik had a boat mounted on wheels carrying a group i >f 
prettily dressed children. 

R. H. Waite had a boat on wheels, festooned with flags and 
bunting, and loaded with a group of boys in uniform. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 251 

A. N. Hawes, oysters, had a single team loaded with goods of the 
firm. The team was adorned with flags and bunting. 

The Boston and Portland Clothing Co. had a double team, 
canopied platform; in one division, occupants in costume of 1786; 
in the other, clothed in the style of 1886. 

A novel feature was the participation of Sam Lee, Hop Lung, 
Chin, and Quing Lee, representing the Chinese laundrymen. They 
wore handsome native costumes with coats of rich figured silk, hats 
made for native magistrates, and in brief the costumes of the aristo- 
cratic celestials. They rode in a barouche decorated with Sam Lee's 
sign and carried beside native flags, a large banner with a black 
dragon on a yellow back-ground. 

Wm. P. Goss, boots and shoes, had the " Old Woman in the Shoe." 
It was made of pine plank nine feet in length, mounted on canopy, 
with the firm name in gold letters. 

A. L. Merry, the hatter, had the handsome gold hat usually hung 
over the entrance to his store mounted on wheels, and drawn by a 
handsome horse. On the hat was a stuffed figure of a bear. 

A. H. Coe, the hatter, had two teams. The mammoth trunk and 
a delivery team draped with bunting, trimming and flags. 

Robert F. Somers & Co. had one four-horse team with eight 
practical hatters, illustrating each branch of the business — silk hat, 
light tall and stiff hats, Odd Fellows' and Masons' chapeau, music, 
straw workers, etc. 

Millett & Little displayed a large platform carriage, surmounted 
by a canopy of red, white and blue, with streamers brought down on 
every side, forming an open marquee. All these goods composing 
the material of the canopy were of the richest stuffs. The four 
corners were trimmed with goods representing stock, and flags or 
banners marked with the different departments of the establishment. 
The boxes of goods at the corners were all upholstered in plush, and 
the open centre of the carriage filled with rich specimen rugs, so as 
to form a handsome drawing-room. A band seated in the carriage 
furnished fine music. The front and rear were decorated with colored 
silk ribbons. The housings of the horses were of white linen trim- 
med with blue, bearing the name of the firm in blue letters, with 
stars in each corner. 

C, E. Bean sent a dry goods box on a team with banners, name 
and mottoes. 



252 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



Walter Corey & Co. sent thirteen teams, two of them double. 
The chief feature was advertising the old and the new establishment, 
1836-1886, car with fine parlor work, drapery, etc., on the car the 
legend, "A grand record of fifty years." The two partners, Messrs. 
Corey and Rice, in a barouche, represented the old and the new. Fine 
chamber and parlor furniture, antique sideboards and chairs of the 
fourteenth century. Banners and firm name on each car. 

Thos. P. Beals, furniture, had a canopied platform with all sorts 
of springs used in the same, woven wire mattresses and boy weaving; 
team adorned with flags and banners. 

T. F. Foss & Sons had a fine canopied structure with festoons of 
bunting around the sides, and a furnished parlor within, a shield on 
the side with the legend, "We strive to please." Also a team show- 
ing carpets with flags and streamers. 

T. H. McDonnell & Co., furniture, had a canopied platform filled 
with furniture in all stages of manufacture, frames, mattresses and 
upholstering goods. 

The Portland Furniture Company had two teams, one bear- 
ing a fac-simile of an old 1786-kitchen, with clock, spinning wheel, 
settle, fire-place with crane and kettles, strings of dried apples hang- 
ing from the ceiling; the other a modern 1886 parlor with all its 
adornments, including elegant gas fixtures. 

B. A. Atkinson & Co.'s branch store, under the management of 
Isaac C. Atkinson, was represented by seven teams. The first was a 
picnic wagon with the Deering Band. The second represented the 
mailing department of B. A. Atkinson and Co. The mail bags for 
the different States were hung in a row and the occupants inside 
busily at work with the mails. Car No. 3 represented a parlor, hav- 
ing an entire suite and other furnishings. Ladies and gentlemen 
were seated in the parlor. The fifth car represented a kitchen in 
modern style. Car No. 6 was a finely furnished bedroom. ( lar No. 7 
displayed a set of pulpit furniture. The eighth and last car was 
filled with toys and small furniture thrown in promiscuously. This 
display was one of the largest and most elaborate in the procession. 

W. H. WlNSLOW & Co. had a single team with fine upholstering 
goods attractively displayed. 

The Globe Steam Laundry sent their delivery team, adorned 
with Hags and banners. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 253 

Plummer Bros., fish dealers, had a double team. A boat loaded 
with fish, great and small, surmounted by a canopy with flags and 
signs ; a fountain playing in the center ; huge sturgeons and salmon, 
down to the smallest fish caught were represented in the load. 

C. W. Lombard sent a team with name of business and sign. 

Durgin and Crocker, dealers in stoves, sent a single team loaded 
with oil and coal stoves, and adorned with flags and banners. 

Tenney & Dunham, tinware, etc., had a single team advertising 
their specialty, the " Jersey Packet Shipping Can," with a pyramid 
of the cans. 

A. Little & Co. put one team into the trades division of the pro- 
cession, drawn by four large bay horses, decked with elegant worked 
harnesses. An appropriate cart was loaded with cases and bales of 
dry goods, running lengthwise, and above the load was an ornamental 
sign, painted on canvas, "A. Little and Co., Jobbers of Dry Goods," 
supported by a flagstaff at each end, with American flags at the top 
of the staffs. The sides of the load were decorated with shields, 
supporting satin banners, bearing the following inscriptions : 

American and French Dress Goods. 
American and French Silks. 
Irish and Scotch Linens. 
Velvets and Velveteens. 
Foreign and Domestic Woolens. 
Housekeeping Goods. 
Fancy Goods and Notions. 
Novelties. 

Owen, Moore and Company's exhibit was one of the most 
attractive in the whole trade's display, and exhibited the great taste 
of the firm. On a large float was erected a windmill formed of the 
richest stuffs and ribbons presenting a castellated style and sur- 
mounted by the flag. All around the richly dressed base stood boys, 
some dozen in number, in unique costumes, holding silk banners of 
all colors bearing the mottoes, "Importers," "Retailers," " Fancy 
goods." The driver was attired in the elegant costume of the time 
Charles II, and the coachman's box was draped with elegant box 
cloths, embroidered with the firm monogram. The car bore the 
motto : 

" Our mills of ancient model 
Grind out a modern grist." 



254 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

The car was drawn by four splendidly caparisoned studs, driven 
abreast, with red housings, also bearing the firm monogram. A 
carriage preceded the car filled with a band dressed in Brother 
Jonathan costume and playing on all kinds of odd instruments. 

Samuel Thurston had a team draped with handsome signs, 
pianos, stools, cloths, etc. 

E. B. Robinson had a handsome canopied platform, carrying a 
piano, draped and with the names of the piano makers for whom he 
is agent, with the dates 1847 — 18S6, with lyre, flags, etc. 

The New England Organ Company had a finely draped car, 
with specimens of goods. 

The Pof 1 land Advertiser sent a buggy with occupants, carrying 
a banner and legend. 

The Portland Globe had a huge globe with date 1877, and let- 
tered with appropriate legends. 

The Evening Express was represented by a carriage bearing 
proprietors and editors, followed by a canopied team with employees 
and banner with papers and flags. 

Lamson, the photographer, had a large camera with banner; boy 
d to represent the sun, with the legend "The Sun is my 
Servant." 

Algernon Stubbs had a team draped with the national colors, a 
picture by Harry Brown, bronzes, etc. 

C. II. Lamson had a single team, the platform of which was 
mounted with a bicycle and timepieces, the sides giving address and 
business departments, and carrying a living representation of Father 
Time discarding his wings and glass and taking the modern watch 
and bicycle. 

Libby's Parcel Delivery had two teams with flags. 

IThompson, carriage manufacturer, had ten teams, seven 
carriages : >nt kinds, one two-horse caravan surmounted by a 

I 1 with plumes, harnessed to a magnificent wooden horse 

of life-si/e, with two out-riders in uniform carrying banners with the 
names of countries to which his goods are sent; a team with an old 
sleigh of 1789, and a new sleigh of 1SS6, for four persons. On the 
suspended the back bar of the veritable "one-horse 
shay," immortalized by Oliver Wendell Holmes. The harness on 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 255 

wooden horse was from the establishment of J. and B. Jordan, 
Congress street. 

The Horse and Carriage Mart had one team carrying a rack of 
harnesses, surmounted with whips, riding saddles on the corners of 
the platform, displaying blankets, robes, mats, etc., with firm's sign ; a 
tandem team drawing carriages, draped and decorated. 

G. W. Jones had two fine grocery wagons, manufactured by him- 
self, illustrating the character of his work. 

P. H. Bradley had three teams drawing twelve carriages, of all 
the styles manufactured by him. 

West and Calderwood had a team loaded with bread and flour. 

George Hudson had a wagon adorned with flags. 

Thomas Carey had a three-horse team carrying a platform con- 
taining cigarmakers at work, surmounted by an ornamental sign with 
brand of cigars and firm name. 

The Casco Dye House had a delivery wagon, with flags and 
banners. 

S. Rounds had three single teams, red, white and blue, loaded 
with children, draped with bunting, flags, etc. 

S. M. Smart, lumber, sent a single team loaded with clapboards 
piled in cobs. 

Randall & McAllister sent one four-horse team, and one single 
team adorned with flags, etc., with firm's sign, and carrying children. 

At the head of each sub division of the trades procession, there 
was a mounted herald carrying a banner, on which, in gilt letters, 
was inscribed the name of the trade or business that followed. 
There were twenty-six of these heralds, with banners. 

EIGHTH DIVISION — FIRE DEPARTMENT.' 

This portion of the procession was made particularly interesting 
by the presence of some old-time machinery and the personal 
participation of men who were active firemen a half century ago. 

In early days the department consisted simply of fire wardens, who 
volunteered their services and represented the property and leading 
families of the town. They had their headquarters, and each 
warden was supplied with a leather bucket, a canvas bag, a fire-hook 
and a bed wrench. Their method of operation was to form a line 
from the water to the fire and pass the buckets as fast as possible 



256 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

and return the empty ones. Women and children frequently took 
part in passing back the empty buckets. 

Then came two little fire engines, the Neptune and Vigilant, that 
could squirt water not more than twenty feet high, and then the 
"Cataract." which was built in London in 1802, and a model of the 
same headed the department's exhibit, the original having been 
destroyed in the great fire of 1866. 

For a long time it was not known that this engine possessed the 
power of suction, and the fire brigade used to pour the water into 
her. She was of cylinder shape, large as a hogshead, and some 
twenty feet in length. The treading power was chiefly by ropes 
stretched from either side of the machine. One day she was sent to 
Mr. Leonard Crockett for repairs, and he at once discovered that 
she was a suction engine of full capacity for her exhaust of water. 

After the Cataract came two immense fire engines built in Phila- 
delphia, the Hydrogen and Deluge. They were what was known as 
double-deckers, having two sets of treads, one worked by men 
standing on the ground and the other ones from a platform on the 
machine. They were ponderous and powerful engines and could 
throw three good streams of water. But the most interesting actual 
relic of the old department was the veritable "Atlantic, No. 2," the 
first and " smartest tub " ever built by Leonard Crockett, a noted 
machinist and engine builder, whose shop was on Fore street. The 
Atlantic is now the property of the Rolling Mills. 

Some twenty of the old members of the company and nine mem- 
bers of the Hydrogen took part in the demonstration, attired in blue 
shirts and white helmet caps. Among them were two ex-command- 
ers. Captains Henry Dyer and John Cammett. The veterans were 
seated in a barge, behind which was the gallant little machine they 
had •'run with " forty years ago. 

The Norway Band, twenty-five pieces, A. E. Norseworthy, leader, 
discoursed music for this division. The right was headed by the 
fac-simile of the old Cataract. Then the veteran firemen and 
Atlantic, and the Peak's Island hand engine witli its red shirted 
company as of ye olden time, followed by the city department, 
Machigonne No. 1, Portland No. 2, Cumberland No. 3, Falmouth 
^co No. 5, and the hook and ladder carriages Washington 
1, Eagle 2 and Bramhall 3, and the several hose carriages. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 257 

The engines were tastefully ornamented with flowers, their brass 
and nickel burnished to brilliancy and the horses groomed to per- 
fection. The fireman in their natty blue uniforms and nobby blue 
naval caps were a striking contrast to the red-shirted, devil-may-care 
boys of the earlier days. It was one of the handsomest and most 
interesting features of the procession, and it should have had among 
its numbers such veterans as Neal Dow, the first chief engineer, 
Harris C. Barnes, Spencer Rogers, Nahum Littlefield, Lewis B. 
Smith, Andrew J. Cummings, and other surviving veterans. 

Following was the formation of the division : 

G. H. Cloyes, Marshal. 

Aids: Chas. W. Cushing, Robert W. Jackson, Thomas Payne, Samuel Hodgdon. 

Cataract Engine, No. I (model 1802). 

Atlantic Engine, No. 2 (the first engine built here). 

Peaks Island Engine, No. 1. 

Norway Band. 

Board of Engineers. 

Officers and Members of the Department. 

Machigonne Engine and Hose, No. 1. 

Portland Engine and Hose, No. 2. 

Cumberland Engine and Hose, No. 3. 

Falmouth Engine and Hose, No. 4. 

Casco Engine and Hose, No. 5. 

Eagle Hook and Ladder Carriage. 

Washington Hook and Ladder Carriage. 

Bramhall Hook and Ladder Carriage. 

NINTH DIVISION. 

The street department was in a short division by itself. First 
came an exhibit of the "Street department in 1786." This consisted 
of an ox team bearing a couple of plows and accompanied by eight 
men in continental costume, six of them armed with hoes, marching 
by the side of the cart. 

Following, came the department of 1836. This was represented 
by an old fashioned road roller drawn by a heavy team. 

A modern street sweeper came next, followed by ten men in 
checked suits, bearing sweepers, brooms, shovels, picks, etc. Two. 
of the city hand carts came next, and the rear of the whole was. 
brought up by the new steam road roller. 
17 



258 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

FINALE. 

The reviewing stand was occupied by invited guests, and many of 
our prominent citizens, all of whom expressed their surprise and 
delight at this unparalleled display of the military and civic, as well 
as the trades and manufactures of the city." 

Thus closed the grand procession. 

THE STEAM ROLLER. 

"The exhibition of the steamr oad roller on Temple street at 3.30 
o'clock in the afternoon was witnessed by a large crowd. Granite 
boulders to the depth of two feet had been placed in the street, and 
the roller settled them about eight inches. On Thursday afternoon 
Street Commissioner Staples will put on about eight inches of 
crushed stone, and the power of the roller will be again tested in the 
presence of the Committee on Streets. At this exhibition the roller 
will probably be officially accepted by the city. Jesse Martin, who 
.came from England to set it up, handled the roller in fine shape. 
He thoroughly understood his business." 

The Daily Argus of the next day said: 

"Portland's great centennial celebration has passed its first stage, 
and our citizens can congratulate themselves on having provided the 
best celebration that has ever occurred here. While the early morn- 
ing was not very pleasant, before the procession started the sun 
.came out, but its heat was tempered by a delightful breeze. The 
procession in the forenoon was the most elaborate ever seen in this 
city. The merchants are entitled to remarkable praise in every 
respect, and even the unobserving must have been struck with the 
elaborate display made. The allegorical representations were also 
on a grand scale, while the fire department, showing engines from 
•the old Cataract to the steam engines, was very attractive. All 
along the line were heard exclamations of delight at the magnificence 
of the procession. One very attractive feature of the procession 
was the Glen House coaches, each drawn by six handsome horses. 
All the coaches were filled with happy people. The procession was 
two hours passing a given point, and was about four miles in length. 
For so large a procession it was moved remarkably near time. 
There was no hitch, every division wheeled into line in the proper 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 259 

place, and at the exact time, and all moved harmoniously. The 
naval brigade was received with hearty and persistent applause, and 
the commercial travellers made friends all along the line. 

There were probably twenty-five thousand strangers in the city. 
The Boston & Maine-Eastern brought in Sunday and yesterday 
some ten thousand, the Maine Central about five thousand, the 
Portland & Rochester two thousand, the Grand Trunk three 
thousand, and the Portland and Ogdensburg nearly two thousand, 
and the steamers, teams, etc., the remainder. 

It was a great day for Portland, one that reflected much credit 
upon the citizens, and particularly the committees who have labored 
so faithfully to bring the celebration to so happy a consummation. 
Nothing like it was ever seen here before, and probably will not 
again for many years. It far excelled any exhibition that has been 
given in Boston, so said several gentlemen who had witnessed their 
greatest displays there. 

The story of the progress of Portland in one hundred years was 
admirably told in the moving pictures ; they showed us how our first 
settlers lived, and how the nabobs of the present day reside in 
luxury; how the brave men extinguished fires in the olden times, 
with simple appliances, compared with the powerful steamers of 
today; how the roads were repaired in years agone, and the power- 
ful street roller of now." 

THE DECORATIONS. 

•The city was gaily decorated in honor of the great 
celebration. Everywhere flags were flying from public 
and private buildings. Professional decorators had 
been at work during all the week, and a very large 
number of houses and other buildings were decorated 
with bunting, flags, shields, and various devices, many 
bearing words of welcome for the returning natives of 
the town. 

The decorations by the city comprised the City Hall, 
the Old City Hall, engine houses, etc., and arches of 
flags placed on Congress street as follows: At the 



260 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Observatory; at the head of Washington street; at the 
head of India street; at the corner of Franklin and 
Congress streets; at the corner of Pearl and Congress 
streets; at the head of Elm street; at the head of Casco 
street; at the junction of Free and Congress streets; 
at State street square; at the corner of Carleton and 
Congress streets. 

The private decorations on the route of the proces- 
sion were by the following parties: 

Congress Street. — Davis block, at corner of Exchange street, 
Casco fire engine house, Second Parish church, Oren Hooper, 
Son & Leighton, Morse & Sweetsir, S. W. Warren & Co., Booths at 
Lincoln Park, George C. Frye, Dr. John T. Palmer, John D. 
Williams, Dr. Frank P. Scully, James F. Pierce, Edgar R. Dow, 
Charles B. Turner, Mrs. T. B. Tolford, Kavanagh School building, 
Mrs. Jane Swett, Wm. H. Kohling, C. F. Dunlap, Rufus Stanley. 

Washington Street. — Charles W. York, John Conlon, Michael 
Scanlon, Mrs. S. J. Philbrook. 

Cumberland Street. — J. M. Richardson, L. D. Austin, David F. 
Corser, John B. Coyle, jr., Mr. Weston, Edward Chenery, John L. 
Shaw, Christopher Way, Martin Pennell & Co., Dr. Allen, M. S. 
Knight, J. B. Donnell, J. F. Merrill, Mrs. M. H. Humphrey, Wm. W. 
Latham, W T m. H. Josselyn, Dr. John B. Hughes, K. F. Thompson, 
John True, C. D. Clark, Mr. Hunt, C. L. Drummond, Elmer Brown, 
E. C. Milliken. 

High Street. — John F. Rand, A. J. Pettingell, W T illiam Tibbetts, 
O. M. Shaw, Mrs. T. E. Twitchell. 

])i ering Street. — Hon. John W. Deering, F. O. Gould, James E. 
McDowell, Russell Lewis, J. S. Winslow, John N. Lord, W. H. Wood- 
bury. John P. Thomas, Alfred Woodman, George F. Thurston, John 
Q. Twitchell, Sterling Dow, F. V. Carney, Samuel W. Larrabee, Win. 
H. Anderson, Frank E. Allen, John E. DeWitt. 

S i ate Street. — 0. K. Gerrish, D. W. Clark, Hon. George Walker, 
Dr. I. T. Dana, H. M. Payson. 

CoNGRi 3S Si ki i.t. — Dr. S. H. Weeks, Dr. Lewis \V. Pendleton, 
Eben Corey, Henry W. Hersey, Henry T. Cummings, J. P. Wheel- 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 261 

wright, Payson Tucker, F. N. Dow, Dr. E. E. Holt, J. S. Champlin, 
Mrs. P. A. Waterhouse. 

Carleton Street. — James White, Lewis B. Smith, a very elab- 
orate decoration; Geo. E. Kenworthy, jr., C. F. Jordan, Mrs. N. M. 
Woodman, W. P. Higgins, E. P. Staples, John P. Hobbs, Alderman 
Wm. M. Marks, E. G. Spring, Samuel Waterhouse, G. L. Bailey, 
Charles F. Morse, Oliver Hay, Howard Gould, J. C. Hamlin, Charles 
S. Chase. 

Pine Street. — F. H. Fassett and X. John Little, very fine deco- 
rations; H. W. Shaylor, M. P. Frank, Henry M. Howes, John M. 
Jordan, Mrs. Jane Hersom, M. A. Jewell, Clinton L. Baxter, Walter 
H. Thomas, Benjamin Stone, J. S. Douglass, J. S. Eustis, Major H. 
S. Melcher, the Chief Marshal of the procession, a fine display; Mrs. 
M. H. Sweetsir, George B. Loring, John Sparrow, Charles A. Eaton, 
J. Ambrose Merrill, Hon. J. W. Symonds, B. A. Perkins, George E. 
B. Jackson, Mrs. Julia A. Gerrish, Edwin Clement, Joseph E. Blabon. 

State Street. — Mrs. George F. Shepley, Daniel F. Emery, Rt. 
Rev. H. A. Neely, Rev. C. M. Sills, W. F. Milliken, Wm. E. Gould, 
a very tasteful display ; Charles A. Brown, Mrs. L. A. Baker, H. B. 
Stephenson, Mrs. James Bailey, Geo. H. Knight, Samuel H. Stevens, 
Everett Smith, J. L. Rackleff, Hanno W. Gage, Mrs. John Russell, 
Thomas Shaw, J. P. Marquand, Rev. C. W. Doherty, Fred Fox, A. 
G. Dewey, George A. Thomas, tasteful decorations, and this 
inscription : 

"God of the centuries! Today 
A hundred years the tale has told, 
And lingering in their welcome shade, 
We listen to the days of old. 
To us how fast the centuries flight, 
To thee as watchers in the night." 
"This house built in 1S00; ours one hope, one life work, one creed." 

N. M. Perkins, Charles C. Dole. 

Danforth Street. — Charles A. Cushing, Charles McCarthy, jr., 
Home for Aged Men. 

Park Street. — Wm. K. Hilton, Henry C. Fitch, James S. Marrett, 
J. W. Waterhouse, J. S. Kirkpatrick, Chadwick Mansion. 

Pleasant Street. — William R. Wood. 

High Street. — William Leavitt, Albert Marwick, Wm. H. 



2G2 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Moulton, Charles W. Roberts, Mrs. Helen W. Colby, Dr. T. A. 
Foster, W. S. Dana, Horatio N. Jose. 

Congress Street. — Harrison J. and James B. Libby, William S. 
Banks, Dr. J. P. Wentworth, Hammond block, A. L. Millett, George 
C. Shaw, City Hotel, D. I. Deland, William Milliken & Co., John W. 
Deering, Sawyer & Dyer, G. J. Hodgson, Machigonne Engine Co.'s 
house, Riggs & Co., J. R. Lunt & Co., C. E. Bean, Durant block, 
Brown block, Rines Brothers, Mitchell and Powers, John S. Russell, 
Millett & Little, Owen, Moore & Co., Mrs. F. C. Chase, Eastman 
Bros. & Bancroft, Turner Brothers, Lamson's studio, Lancaster 
block, Robinson block, Loring, Short & Harmon, Haskell & Jones, 
Preble House — a very beautiful and elaborate display; Thatcher 
Post, G. A. R., Hon. A. W. H. Clapp, Farrington block, Chadwick 
House, Chase House, Union Mutual Insurance Co.'s block — very 
finely decorated — (see illustration). 

OTHER DECORATIONS. 

At the Depots. — The decorations of the Maine Central offices 
were very neat. From the top of the building American flags were 
draped. Above the windows on the front side, red and white bunt- 
ing was festooned; below the windows black, orange and red bunting. 
The entrance was draped from the balcony with American flags ; 
shield of Maine Central in front of balcony with British flag below. 
The side of the building was festooned with red, white and blue 
bunting. Both the old and the new Boston and Maine and Maine 
Central depots were handsomely festooned with flags of different 
nations and bunting. 

Public Buildings. — The decorations at the City building were 
superior to those of any former display. The whole front of the 
building, from the base of the dome to the sidewalk, was prettily and 
artistically decorated with red, white and blue streamers arranged in 
various and unique devices. The main entrance was adorned with 
national flags caught up on the supporting pillars of the portico. 
( >n the front of the portico on white canvas were the words "Wel- 
come Home " in large black letters. Between these words was a 
representation of two hands clasped. To the left of this regent 
appeared the old Indian name "Machigonne," and on a similar 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 263 

position at the right, the old English name " Falmouth." Over and 
above these were flags arranged in varied and graceful designs. The 
figure of an Indian in full war costume, appeared over the name 
Machigonne, and the figure of the Goddess of Liberty over Fal- 
mouth. From the flagstaff on the dome were flags of all nations 
running to the tower. 

In the City Hall. — Around the ventilator in the centre of the 
hall was a handsome circular design of blue bunting with stars. 
Radiating from thence in every direction were blue and white 
streamers. They were caught at the various pillars, and the ends 
hung in folds. The entire background of the stage was covered 
with a piece of scenery representing the naval conflict between the 
"Enterprise" and "Boxer," off Monhegan. The painting was 
executed by Story. Over the top of this picture was the word 
"Welcome" in large letters, and above "1786" and " 1886." Above 
this was looped folds of red, white and blue bunting, going from here 
entirely around the hall. Flags were drooped from the top of the 
canvas to the bottom on either end. On one side was the Maine 
coat-of-arms, and on the other the Massachusetts coat-of-arms. 
Red and white, and blue and white festoons appeared under their 
coat-of-arms. The tri-colored bunting was looped gracefully along the 
front of the stage. In the window-niches were the coat-of-arms of 
the various States, with flags of the different nations, and on the 
pillars flags were festooned in designs of butterflies, with shields in 
the centre. White lace was draped around the gallery, caught with 
small glittering stars and shields. At the right, on a white ground- 
work and in red letters, was the old Indian name "Machigonne." 
The following names, displayed in the same manner, with pretty 
designs between each, surrounded the gallery : Casco Bay, the next 
name given to our city; The Neck, a later appellation ; Falmouth, the 
old English name, and finally Portland. Alternating with these 
names were, first on a groundwork of flags the centennial shield 
bearing the dates "1786-1886," the Maine coat-of-arms, and another 
centennial shield. 

The Reception hall was also handsomely decorated. The Mayor's 
office, City Clerk's office, and in fact all the rooms on the floor were 
very prettily and artistically festooned, and as well the passage-ways 
below and above. The work of decorating this building and the Old 



264 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

City Hall was done by Mr. J. C. Weston, of Lawrence. The fact 
that this was undoubtedly the best arranged display ever seen here 
was the highest praise that could be given the designer. 

The Old City Hall. — From the flag staff at the top four lines 
were suspended to the roof and top of the verandah, being hung 
with small flags. In the highest portion of the front on a ground 
work of flags rested the American eagle with a portrait of George 
Washington. In either side were flag rosettes. Just above the main 
entrance were the words in large, black letters, "Portland Welcomes 
her Sons and Daughters." Large American flags were draped from 
here to the pillars, with Portland's charter seal in the centre, and at 
the entrance on each side were festooned orange, blue, red and 
white bunting flags. Over the windows were also draped American 
flags with a festoon of red, white and blue bunting below. In the 
centre of the left window was a shield with "Falmouth 1786" and 
on the right window, "Portland 1886." 

The First National Bank building was elaborately decorated 
with flags and streamers. 

Mayor Chapman's residence, 375 Spring street, was profusely 
and handsomely decorated. 

The Falmouth Hotel. — The Falmouth Hotel was decorated in a 
most extensive, artistic manner. It made one of the finest looking 
buildings in the city. Flags, bunting, streamers, and figure pieces 
literally covered its imposing facade. Over the main entrance was a 
strip of white canvas bearing the words, " Welcome to All." Within 
the hotel, the corridors and office were tastefully decorated. The 
whole was a credit to the taste and enterprise of Mr. John K. 
Martin, the proprietor. 

HISTORICAL INSCRIPTIONS. 

The Historical Committee caused to be prepared the 
following inscriptions, which were temporarily affixed to 
the buildings and places hereinafter designated, as being 
historic spots, and former residences of Portland's dis- 
tinguished citizens now deceased: 

1 On the fence enclosing the Grand Trunk Railway yard at the 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



265 



foot of Hancock street — " George Cleeve and Richard Tucker built 
the first house near this spot in 1633." 

2 At the Grand Trunk Railway station, foot of India street — "The 
site of Fort Loyall, destroyed by the French and Indians, May 20 
(O. S.), 1690." 

3 On the Portland Company's office, Fore street — " Near this spot 
was built the first meeting-house, 1680. In it preached the Rev. 
George Burroughs, 1688." 

4 On the north-west corner of Middle and India streets — "The 
site of meeting-house, built in 1721." 

5 On vacant lot opposite the head of India street — " Site of Par- 
son Smith's house, erected in 1732, burnt in 1775." 

6 On house on the south-east corner of Congress and Hampshire 
streets — " Site of Ann Greely's Tavern, where the early courts and 
councils were held." 

7 On the south-west corner of Franklin and Middle streets — 
"Site of Ross and Tyng house, built in 1750, burnt in 1866." 

8 On the house on the north-east corner of Fore and Hancock 
streets — " Henry W. Longfellow was born in this house, February 
27, 1807." 

9 Casco Bank building, No. 195 Middle street — " Site of the house 
where Commodore Preble lived and died, in 1807." 

10 On store on Middle street, opposite the foot of Free street — 
"Site of first house burnt by Mowatt, October, 1775." 

n On store in the Hammond block, Market square — " Site of the 
Marston Tavern." 

12 On house No. 487 Congress street, adjoining Preble House — 
" Home of Longfellow." 

13 On house No. 97 York street — "The oldest in town, built in 

1738." 

14 House on south-west corner of High and York streets — "This 
house was built in 1740." 

15 Chadwick House, rear 431 Congress street — "Built in 1765." 

16 House of Mrs. Tolford, 286 Congress street — "The second 
two-storied house in the town was built on this site, 1742 ; withstood 
the destruction of the town in 1775; burned in 1866." A ball ex- 
hibited: "This ball was thrown from Mowatt's fleet, lodged in the 
timbers of the old house." 



2G6 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

17 On house on north-east corner of Middle and Franklin 
streets. — "Site of house in which Rev. Edward Payson lived and 
died, Oct. 22, 1827." 

18 On the north part of the First Baptist church, on the corner 
of Wilmot and Congress streets. — "Nathaniel Parker Willis was 
born in the house that formerly stood here, 1806." 

19 On house No. 72 Franklin street. — " Sarah P. Willis (Fanny 
Fern) born on this spot, July 7, 181 1." 

20 On house No. 175 State street — " Residence of John Neal." 

21 On house No. 166 State street — "Homes of Prentiss Mellen 
and Wm. P. Fessenden." 

22 On Congress Hall building, 420 Congress street — " Sargent S. 
Prentiss, Portland's distinguished son, born on this site." 

23 On house on north-east corner of Elm and Cumberland streets 
— " Home of Simon Greenleaf." 

24 On house No. 81 Free street — " Home of William Willis." 

25 On house No. 101 Free street — "Home of Ashur Ware." 

26 On house No. 156 State street — "Residences of Ether Shepley 
and George F. Shepley." 

27 On house No. 51 State street — "Residence of Hon. Wm. P. 
Preble." 

28 On front of steps at Old City Hall — " Sargent S. Prentiss here 
made his memorable speech, August, 1840." 

29 On the south-east corner of steps — " On these steps Frederick 
Douglass made his first anti-slavery speech in Portland, September, 
1842." 

30 On a tree on State, near Congress street, the following tablet 
was intended to be placed : 

"THE TYNG ESTATE. 

" All the lands on both sides of State street, forty-four acres, were possessed by 
the Tyng family during three generations — Edward Tyng, the older, 1686 to [728 ; 
Commodore Edward Tyng and John Tyng, 172S-1755; Sheriff and Col. William 
Tyng (22 acres), 1755 to 1787. Confiscated by the Massachusetts Government on 
account of Col. William Tyng being a Tory, 1787. Sold to Joseph II. [ngraham, 
1799." 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 267 

AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

Thousands of people flocked to Deering Park in the 
afternoon to witness the dances of the Hebdomadal 
Indians and the music by the children of the public 
schools. During these dances there was an almost 
continuous display of day fireworks, and Chandler's 
Band played some fine selections. Nearly a thousand 
school children were seated on a raised platform, and 
sang the following songs: 

America. 

The Star Spangled Banner. 

Prayer for Our Country. 

Independence Day. 

Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean. 

Hail Columbia. 

Mrs. Ann E. Merrill conducted the children, and 

kept them well in time. 

THE BALLOON ASCENSION. 

At twelve o'clock Prof. C. H. Grimley began to pre- 
pare to fill the balloon with 25,000 feet of gas. An 
immense crowd of people in and about Lincoln Park 
watched the operation. At four p.m. the balloon was 
about ready, and at five o'clock the rope was cut and 
the professor, accompanied by Dr. W. L. Vandorn of 
New York, gracefully ascended. The wind was light 
from the south, south-east. For the first three thousand 
feet the atmosphere was clear, but the fog had been 
steadily drifting in from the sea, and at that height 
objects below could not be discerned, only the mast- 
heads of the war-ships, but in the upper strata where 
the balloon was, all was clear. At that height the bal- 
loon floated between the coast and land and at five 



2G8 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

thousand feet elevation took a current that carried her 
over the breakers. The professor then let out the gas 
and the balloon descended into the fog current and ran 
inland to a spot over Mr. Morgan's farm in Falmouth, 
about two miles from the shore. In descending Mr. 
Morgan caught the drag-rope and tied it to a fence. 
The fog was so dense it was decided to continue the 
voyage no farther. A series of captive ascensions then 
were given sending Mrs. Morgan and children up three 
hundred feet, and some gentlemen. Prof. Grimley went 
up with a Mr. Proctor and the drag-rope broke, through 
a sudden lurch, but the anchor was put out and the 
balloon descended. The balloon was then emptied of 
its gas, and Mr. Morgan's son brought the balloonists 
to the city. 

EVENING. 
The sham fight between the Hebdomadal tribe of 
Indians and the settlers, represented by the Sons of 
Veterans, occurred on Bramhall hill in the evening as 
previously announced. The vast extent of Bramhall 
was covered on every inch of its surface. Standing 
room could hardly be found. Even the roofs of adjacent 
dwellings were covered with excited urchins. Owing 
to the fog which arose at nightfall, only part of the 
skirmish was witnessed. The following were the lead- 
ing features of the contest: 

Scene i. — Friendly intercourse of whites and Indians. 

Scene 2. — In the corner of the Maine Central field, the tribe 
dance the war dance while the whites work about their homes. 

Scene 3. — Attack on Cleeve and Tucker's families; destruction of 
their two cabins; a settler killed and scalped; the old men, women 
and children taken prisoners; (Indians secure their guns in this fight.) 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 269 

Scene 4. — The Indians return to their homes and dance the scalp 
dance and rejoice over their success. In the meantime other settlers 
move into other cabins. 

Scene 5. — The whites build Fort Loyall. 

Scene 6. — Indians seen at home dancing war dance. On the left 
of the settlement troops seen advancing, Indians move against the 
settlers and are met by the troops under Major Church. Battle 
scene at Anthony Brackett's barn under Bramhall's hill, Indians 
defeated, return home, soldiers go to the fort. 

Scene 7. — French and Indians attack and kill Lieut. Clark and 
his scouting party of thirteen, on Munjoy hill, besiege and capture 
Fort Loyall. Indians fire the fort by shooting arrows with birch bark 
on fire into the enclosure, and thus drive the garrison out and take 
them prisoners. 

Scene 8. — Battle of Purpooduck, Indians entirely destroy the 
town, killing twenty-five persons. 

FIREWORKS. 

The slopes of Bramhall were covered with a mighty 
throng in the evening to witness the fireworks, but it 
was disappointed. At dusk a dense fog suddenly 
arising rendered it impossible to witness the display. 

The committee decided to postpone it until Wednes- 
day evening at 8 o'clock. 

CITY BUILDING ILLUMINATED. 

The front of City Building in the evening presented 
an attractive appearance. Above the doors was the 
city shield encompased in red bunting, while on either 
side small incandescent electric lights of alternating 
colors were stretched to the upper corners of the door. 
Below the shield small electric lights formed the word 
" Portland." Above glittered the figures " 1633," signify- 
ing the earliest settlement. On the left was the date 
"1786," while on the right was that of "1886." The 
make-up was exceedingly unique, and at first sight the 
figures resembled glittering stars. 



270 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



THIRD DAY OF THE CELEBRATION. 



Tuesday, July 6th, 



The day was clear and pleasant, although oppressively 
hot. The mercury was among the nineties, and what 
breeze there was came from the west and was dry, and 
was in marked contrast with the sea air of Monday. 

REGATTA. 

The first event on the programme was the regatta as 
arranged by the committee, and which took place at 
8.30 o'clock in the morning. The course was from 
Union wharf to Great Eastern wharf and return. The 
races were as follows, viz.: 

PROFESSIONAL SINGLES. 

The first was the single scull race. The names, colors and position 
were as follows : 

NAMES. POSITIONS. COLORS. 

F. A. Plaisted l tied. 

\\ 111. Payne 2 Wnlte. 

w. f. Stevens 3 Blue. 

.1. O'Donnell 4 Green. 

.1. P. Buckley 5 Pink. 

P. Con ley 6 Orange. 

Mr. Payne did not appear. The number six position was outside, 
while the first position was nearest to the wharves. At the word 
Buckley took water first and held the lead, with Conley and Plaisted 
even seconds, Stevens two lengths behind, and O'Donnell in the 
rear. Opposite Custom House wharf Conley spurted and left 
Plaisted, who had rougher water. When Grand Trunk Elevator 
wharf was passed Conley had a slight lead. From this point he 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 271 

increased his lead and turned the stake-boat six lengths in advance 
of Buckley, and easily won. Plaisted made a good turn and com- 
menced to gain on Buckley. Stevens gained rapidly on the leaders. 
O'Donnell was out of the race. Plaisted passed Buckley opposite 
Portland Co.'s wharf. He held that position to the finish. Stevens 
spurted and tried to gain on Buckley, but it was of no use. 

Buckley took third position only one length behind Plaisted, 
Stevens fourth, and O'Donnell fifth, Time as follows : 

Conley, 14.45; Plaisted, 14.50; Buckley, 14.52; Stevens, 14.53; 
O'Donnell, 15. The prizes, 1st, $75.00; 2d, $40.00; 3d, $25.00. 

JUNIOR SINGLES. 

The second was the junior single scull race with the following 
starters : 

NAMES. POSITIONS. COLORS. 

F. W. Buckley 1 White. 

P. McDermott 2 Blue. 

A. A. Frates 3 Orange. 

J. E. Morgan 4 Salmon. 

Buckley took the lead at the word, with a rapid stroke. The 
" Cornelia H." turned the course and as Buckley was leading he had 
to take the wash of the ferry-boat ; from this point he simply pulled 
over the course. In the meantime Frates had drawn away from the 
others. He maintained his lead and turned the stake-boat six 
lengths in advance of Morgan and McDermott. Frates crossed the 
line twenty lengths ahead, making it in 14.58. Morgan and McDer- 
mott made a hard fight for second place. On the last quarter mile 
McDermott gained the lead and crossed the line in 15.40, three 
lengths ahead of Morgan. Buckley's time was 16.50. 

Prizes — 1st, gold watch; 2d, silver watch; 3d, opera glasses. 

DOUBLE WORKING BOATS. 

The next was a working-boat race. The starters were : 

NAMES. POSITIONS. COLORS. 

O'Brien and Donahue 1 Blue. 

Payne and Kinsley 2 Green. 

Conley and Buckley 3 Pink. 

O'Donnell and Davis 4 Orange. 

O'Brien and Donahue caught a crab on the start, so the others 
had the benefit of a good start. They were close till opposite the 



272 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Grand Trunk Elevator wharf, when Paine and Kinsley took the lead 
and made the turn in fine shape two lengths ahead of O'Brien and 
Donahue, and Conley and Buckley, who made the turn together. 
The race home was exciting ; first, one would spurt and close the 
lead of Payne and Kinsley, and then the other would respond. 
Payne and Kinsley won in 16.40. O'Brien and Donahue second 
after a hard race in 16.42; Conley and Buckley third, in 16.44; 
O'Donnell and Davis fourth, in 16.54. 

Prizes for this race: — 1st, $75; 2d, $40; 3d, $20. 

JUNIOR FOUR OARS. 

The fourth event was the race between the Dirigos and Cumber- 
lands. The Cumberlands were composed of the following men : M. 
A. Clary, P. H. McDonough, E. W. Lenard, H. A. Frates. 

The Dirigos, R. E. Davis, H. F. McGee, S. H. Cady, J. D. 
Randall. 

The Cumberlands had the inside or that nearest the wharves. 
Their color was white, while that of the Dirigos was red. Both 
crews took the water together and Cumberland obtained the lead and 
turned the stake boat three lengths ahead and maintained their lead 
to the finish. The Cumberlands' time was 14.10. The Dirigos fin- 
ished eight lengths behind the Cumberlands. Time 14.28. 

SENIOR FOUR OARS. 

The last event was a race between the following crews : 

NAMES. POSITIi'N-. COLORS. 

Cumberland l rink. 

Nameless 2 White. 

Dixigo 3 Blue. 

The crews were made up as follows : 

Cumberland — T. P. Dennis, E. Norton, P. J. McMahon, \Y. J. 
Dennis. 

Dirigo — Wl. L. Greely, W. J. Prim, M. E. Myers, M. G. Davis. 
imeless — John Webber, J. Flaherty. J. Morgan, W. \Y. Stowell. 

The three crews took the water together. Cumberland and Name- 
less pulled away from the Dirigos, whose steering was faulty. The 
Nameless took the turn first and Cumberland next, a length behind. 
The Dirigos made a beautiful turn and thus gained what they had 
lost. The Nameless held the lead and crossed the line in 14.20, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 273 

followed by Cumberland five seconds later, and the Dirigos ten 
seconds later. 

The races were witnessed by a great throng of people 
on the wharves, Munjoy hill and in row boats. 

The judges were Messrs. Dugan and Reardon for the 
Cumberlands, and Messrs. Gibbons and McLean for the 
Dirigos. Time-keeper, Wm. H. Greene; Referee, Peter 
O'Connor. 

EXERCISES IN THE CITY HALL. 

Long before the hour appointed for the exercises in 
the City Hall, the audience began to assemble, and by 
10 o'clock the extra seats and aisles were crowded and 
late comers could obtain no entrance. A portion of 
the hall had been reserved for invited guests, and seats 
on the platform had been reserved for those to whom 
invitations had been sent. 

Chandler's Band, preliminary to the exercises, played 
several choice selections in their inimitable style. 

Precisely at 10 o'clock Mayor Chapman, followed by 
Hon. Thomas B. Reed, Mrs. Abba Goold Woolson and 
others who participated, came upon the platform. 
Following them, were Gov. Robie and staff, Mayor 
Henry L. Gregg, of Hudson, New York; Hon. I. Allen 
Jack, Deputy Mayor of St. John; Judge Henry Carter, 
of Haverhill; Rev. Samuel Longfellow, of Cambridge; 
Rev. Dr. Thomas Hill; Dr. A. C. Hamlin, Bangor; Rev. 
Dr. Cyrus Hamlin, formerly president of American 
College at Constantinople ; ex-Postmaster General 
Horatio G. King, Washington; Rev. Dr. E. C. Bolles, 
Salem; Rev. Elijah Kellogg, Harpswell; Prof. Henry 
L. Chapman, Bowdoin College; ex-Mayor M. F. King, 
18 



274 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Hon. Bion Bradbury, Col. A. W. Bradbury, Rev. Dr. 
Chickering, Mass.; General George L. Beal, Norway; 
Rev. Hugh S. Carpenter, Brooklyn; Hon. Charles 
McLaughlin, George S. Hunt, H. W. Hersey, Geo. C. 
Burgess, Rev. Henry Blanchard, Gen. Horatio C. King, 
New York; Rev. Dr. Win. H. Fenn, O. B. Whitten, 
Brown Thurston, Hon. Jacob McLellan, Chas. S. Fobes, 
J. S. Winslow, Rev. Mr. Crosley and others. 

After they were seated, Chandler played Catlin's 
American overture in an effective and pleasing manner. 
The American hymn was then sung by the Haydn 
Association, Mr. Hermann Kotzschmar, conductor. 
The chorus was seated in the rear gallery, and the effect 
all over the hall was excellent. 

THE AMERICAN HYMN. 

Speed our Republic, O Father on high ! 
Lead us in pathways of justice and right ; 
Kukrs, as well as the ruled, 'one and all,' 
Girt thou with virtue the armor of might ! 
Hail, three times hail to our country and flag! 
Rulers, as well as the ruled, 'one and all,' 
(Jirt thou with virtue the armor of might. 
Hail, three times hail to our country and flag. 

Foremost in battle for freedom to stand, 
We rush to arms when aroused by its call; 
Still as of yore, when George Washington led, 
Thunders our war cry, we conquer or fall ! 
Hail, three times hail to our country and tin; ! 
Still as of yore, when George Washington led, 
Thunders our war cry, we conquer or fall ! 
II ail, three times hail to our country and flag ! 

Faithful and honest to friend and to foe, 
Willing to die in humanity's cau 
Thus we defy all tyrannical pow'i . 
While we contend for our Union and laws ! 
Hail, three times hail to our country and I 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 275 

Thus we defy all tyrannical pow'r. 

While we contend for our Union and laws. 

Hail, three times hail to our country and flag ! 

Rise up proud eagle, rise up to the clouds ! 
Spread thy broad wings o'er this fair western world ! 
Fling from thy beak our dear banner of old — 
Show that it still is for Freedom unfurled ! 
Hail, three times hail to our country and flag ! 
Fling from thy beak our dear banner of old ! 
Show that it still is for freedom unfurled. 
Hail, three times hail to our country and flag ! 

Prayer was then offered by the Rev. Leavitt H. 
Hallock, of the Williston church, Portland. The Star 
Spangled Banner was then sung by the Haydn Associa- 
tion with great effect. 

THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER. 

O say, can you see by the dawn's early light, 

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming; 
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight, 

O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming, 
And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air, 

Gave proof thro' the night that our Flag was still there ; 
O say, does that star spangled banner yet wave, 

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave ? 

Chorus — O say does the star spangled banner yet wave, 

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave ? 

And war's clamors o'er, with her mantle hath peace, 

Once again, in its folds, the nation enshrouded; 
Let no fratricide hand, uplifted e'er be 

The glory to dim which now is unclouded : 
Not as A T orth or as South in the future we'll stand, 

But as brothers united throughout our broad land, 
And the star spangled banner forever shall wave, 

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. — Cho. 

O thus be it ever when freemen shall stand 

Between their loved homes and the war's desolation ; 

Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heaven-rescued land 
Praise the pow'r that has made and preserved us a nation. 



276 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, 

\ml this be our motto — "In God is our trust," 
And the star spangled banner in triumph shall wave, 

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. — Cho. 

Mayor Chapman then delivered the following address 
of welcome to the sons and daughters of Portland: 

MAYOR CHAPMAN'S ADDRESS. 

Ladies and Gentlemen : — A century, in many respects the most 
important in recorded history, has elapsed since Portland was incor- 
porated as a town. The genius of that century, as applied to our 
own country, has been material and moral development, toward 
which our city has largely contributed. As if to presage the popular 
spirit which should always imbue her people, it is significant that 
Portland's birthday occurred upon the anniversary of our national 
independence. Most certainly has the inspiration of that day 
manifested itself in many heroic incidents in our military and naval 
history ; but not alone here, as true patriotism lies everywhere along 
the line of national well-being, which, we are proud to say, has ever 
been an object of loyal devotion among Portland's sons and 
daughters. For, embracing in their number, distinguished statesmen, 
authors, poets, jurists, divines, men eminent in every walk of life, 
and others, though less widely known yet not less worthy, tell me, in 
what city, town or community in this wide land has not been felt the 
beneficent power of some son, or the elevating influence of some 
daughter of Portland? 

On this glad day, it becomes my pleasant duty in behalf of the 

city, to welcome to the homes of their childhood, many of these 

returning sons and daughters ; and, also, to the associations of 

former years, many others who, "though not born on the homestead. 

yet by long residence became a part of the family." 

" All, whose wandering feet retrace to 
The path that led you from these scenes away, 
Within whose breast, wherever you may ream, 
The faith stili i 1) points to < hildhood's home, 

We bid you, hail ! " 

We welcome you to our hearts and homes, to which you are bound 
by many endearing ties. We welcome you to the full freedom of 
our city, whose honor you have always promoted, and held in most 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 277 

sacred keeping. While we cannot show you that evidence of rapid 
municipal growth to which many of you are accustomed in your 
adopted homes, yet do not familiar places possess a tenderer interest, 
and wear an old-time charm, because change has not obliterated 
their wonted appearance ? It is our hope that such will prove your 
experience, and that many pleasant reminiscences of bygone years 
will be awakened as you meet once more with the friends of earlier 
days, — as you revisit familiar spots, — and as you behold again the oft- 
coveted sight of the ever-constant ocean, and enjoy a hospitable sail 
among the picturesque islands of Casco Bay. May your stay with 
us be prolonged, and when at length you take your departure, our 
fondest hopes will have been realized, if you bear away with you 
happy memories of this occasion, fresh life and courage for future 
undertakings, and renewed love and loyalty for dear old Portland. 

The Haydn Association then sang the Centennial 
Ode, written by Mrs. Cavazza, which was as follows: 

CENTENNIAL ODE. 

Written for music by Aida. — Verdi. 

Praise to the City by the Sea! Fire left her places desolate 

Gather her children round her: Furious, not having pity; 

The golden years have crowned her Yet, undismayed, our city 

Queen of a century. Lifts up her head and smiles. 

Within her ancient oak-wood And as the bird of fable 

The summer wind rejoices, Is burned with myrrh and spices, 

The trees lift up their voices, And presently arises 

No light blown leaf is still . More radiant from the pyre — 

Where oft, in youth, a poet From flame and smoke and ashes 

Went dreamily delaying, Our city came victorious, 

With long, long thoughts, and straying Renewed and still more glorious, 

Boylike and windlike, at will. After the wasting fire. 

Throned on her headlands in majesty Welcome another new century ! 

The city beholds the ocean, The suns as they circle above her 

That moves in tireless motion Increase the praises of her, 

About her many isles. Our City by the Sea ! 

Ocean immense ! Here at our gate 
Gather thy waves in armor bright : 
Strong, uncontrolled as power of fate, 
Who may withstand the waters' might? 
Come not, O Sea, in all thy wrath, 
Loose not thy wind upon its path, 
Make not thy deeps hollow for graves ; 
O Sea, be kind — restrain thy waves. 



278 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

The Mayor then addressed the audience as follows: 

Among the distinguished sons of Portland, there is one who is pre- 
eminent in the council of the nation. It is our rare good fortune 
that he is the orator of the day. 

I have the pleasure of presenting Hon. Thomas B. Reed. 

HON. T. R. REED'S ORATION. 

Whoever stands, on a clear summer day, on the verandah at 
Cushing's Island and looks across the harbor, will find his eye 
resting upon a scene which for loveliness and varied beauty has no 
superior, and perhaps no parallel anywhere on the broad earth. 
The long slope of grassy verdure varied by the darker foliage of the 
trees spreads wide to the water's edge. Then begins the bright 
sparkle of the summer sea, that many twinkling smile of ocean, that 
countless laughter of the waves which has lighted up the heart of 
man centuries since Eschylus died, and centuries before he lived. 
Across the sunlit waters, dotted with the white sails or seamed with 
the bubbling foam of the steamer's track, past the wharves, bristling 
with masts and noisy with commerce, the gaze falls upon the houses 
sloping gently upward in the centre and becoming more and more 
embowered in trees as they climb the hills at either end. Following 
the tall spires the eye loses itself in the bright blue sky above. 
On the right are the roadsteads and the islands stretching out of 
sight. On the left are Fore River, the forests, the Cape and the 
boundless ocean, and altogether a scene which mingles all that is 
best and bright of sea and shore. If you shut your eyes and let the 
lofty spires disappear, the happy homes glisten out of sight, and the 
wharves give place to a curving line of shelving, pebbly beach; if 
you imagine the bright water unvexed by traffic, the tall peninsula 
covered with forests and bushy swamps, with the same varied expanse 
of island and of sea, and the whole scene undisturbed by any sound 
the clanging cries of innumerable birds and water fowl, you will 
be looking upon Machigonne as it appeared to George Cleeve in the 
■ when he landed, not knowing what a beautiful city he was 
to found, and never dreaming that at this distant day his name 
would be honored by so many people on the very scene of his varied 
his alternate victories and defeats. Where George Cleeve 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 279 

was born, where he lived before he came from England or where his 
bones now rest no one of his unnumbered descendants knows today. 
His labors have been over more than two hundred years. He was 
a strong, vigorous man, full of expedients, bold of speech, — "rash," 
they called it in those days when they used to fine men for expressing 
opinions — tenacious, and with an amplitude of resource which strikes 
with wonder whoever considers his straightened circumstances and 
the results he brought about against powerful and persistent foes. In 
the whole of his long life of struggle and contention his enemies 
were never victorious except in his extreme old age. 

He first came to this country in 1630, and built a house at Spur- 
wink, from which he was driven by Trelawney's agent, John Winter, 
who being also a masterful man, became his life-long enemy. In the 
year 1632, Cleeve, with his wife Joan, his daughter Elizabeth and his 
partner, Richard Tucker, landed at the cove which is now covered 
by the Grand Trunk grounds and which then received the little 
creek, on the bank of which Tie built the first house on the Neck. 
This first house was near where the foot of Hancock street corners 
on Fore street. There for four years he tilled the land he cleared, 
traded and, we may hope, got some small gain. Finding his title 
disputed by his old enemy he took the resolution to go to England, 
and found himself there in 1636. In England, by his "excellent 
address and commanding ability," he, an Independent in religion, at 
a time when Laud was in full possession of his greatest power, pro- 
cured from Sir Ferdinando Gorges and brought back with him, not 
only a deed for the whole Neck from Fore River to the Presumpscot, 
but also a plan for a united government of New England, which, had it 
been adopted and succeeded, might have made him a name as widely 
known as Winthrop's, and might have made Massachusetts greater 
today by the whole of New Hampshire and of Maine. But 
Winthrop, though cognizant of the magnanimity and fairness of 
Cleeve toward himself, rejected the plan, feeling that firm faith in 
his own charter which subsequent events justified. The fates were 
wiser than the designs of Cleeve, and in the result the Province of 
Maine belonging to Massachusetts, has become the State of Maine 
belonging to itself. Armed with his deed, we might have expected 
that George Cleeve would now trade and plant and traffic in peace. 
But peace is not the characteristic of a new settlement. Emigration 



280 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

means vigor, and vigor likes to have its own way. Our ancestors in 
New England did not do as they do beyond the Mississippi, start a 
graveyard when they started a town. They went to law instead, a 
process which, while it may be as afflictive in its results as the West- 
ern method, has the abounding merit of encouraging a deserving 
profession, and of not being so sudden. Cleeve's law-suits about his 
title he won twice over. But winning them twice over was not 
enough. 

In those days the strong man kept his house until a stronger came 
and took it away. Evidence is plentiful that a powerful conspiracy 
well calculated to be successful in the end, had been formed against 
the owner of the Neck. But his enemies belonged to the Royalist 
party, and while their combination was forming against him the news 
came in 1642 that their friends over the water had met with disaster, 
and that Oliver Cromwell had appeared victorious on the scene. 
Cleeve, with that wise promptness to seize an advantage which was 
not the least of his characteristics, immediately crossed the Atlantic. 
He found his enemies on that side of the water, the backers of his 
enemies at home, dispersed and overthrown. He immediately set 
to work, and in a short time had induced Sir Alexander Rigby, a 
powerful member of Parliament, to purchase the Lygonia patent, 
which covered an area of forty miles square, stretching on the sea- 
coast from Cape Porpoise to Merrymeeting Bay, and back into the 
country to a line which crossed the head of Long Pond. Of this 
territory Rigby appointed Cleeve the deputy president. Knowing 
that his foes at home from whose machinations this happy turn in 
English affairs had enabled him to escape, were entrenched behind 
their de facto rights, and in that far-off country were not likely to 
yield their power without a struggle, he petitioned Parliament and 
obtained from it a commission to examine into charges of misgovern- 
ment which he tiled against them. He then returned home and met 
the opposition his foresight had anticipated. For the next three 
years, marked on his part by a course of conduct remarkably 
judicious, especially when his earnest and headstrong nature is con- 
sidered, his authority was successfully resisted; but in 1646 the 
Commissioners of Foreign Plantations decided in his favor, and 
George Cleeve took his rightful position as a recognized leader 
among men. From that time until the death of Alexander Rigby in 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



281 



1650 the Province of Lygonia, and especially the Neck, enjoyed 
peace and prosperity, while all around was discontent and misgovern- 
ment. These four years were the great days of George Cleeve. He 
was the first citizen of a prosperous community created by his own 
energy, vigor, and persistence. His enemies were subdued, his title 
seemed at rest and his authority was everywhere recognized. Shortly 
after Rigby's death, however, the tide began to turn. From that 
time until his death everything at home and abroad set against him. 
Not only his old enemies reappeared with the young and vigorous 
Jordan in place of John Winter who had died, but the great Province 
of Massachusetts Bay began to assert over Lygonia rights which had 
lain in abeyance for so many years. Against all this sea of troubles 
Cleeve, in his old age, but with his old courage, took up arms, bating 
not one jot of heart or hope. For seven years he kept up the 
unequal conflict at home and abroad, but was obliged in 1658 to 
yield to the claims of Massachusetts. From that time he was a 
loyal citizen of that province, though justice was denied him to the 
last. Before his death, which happened perhaps in 1666, his per- 
sonal fortunes appear to have come to a low ebb, though that idea 
seems hardly compatible with the offices to which he continued to be 
chosen. But though old and beaten and poor, his generous and un- 
conquerable spirit still survived ; for within two years of his death 
he was bound over to keep the peace with those who persecuted, 
after the fashion of those strict old times, an old servant of his 
better days. 

The history of the first thirty years of Portland shows how close 
the world is bound together. In all its fluctuations that history was 
closely responsive to the great events which marked those years in 
England. The bays and harbors and estuaries of the sea have each 
their own little waves, but the great lift of the tide comes only from 
the broad waters of the ocean itself. The battle of Nasby, which 
made Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector of the great commonwealth of 
England, made George Cleeve the Governor of the little Province of 
Lygonia, and by one of those singular apparent inconsequences of 
which history is full, the approach of the days of Charles II. over- 
threw his short-lived supremacy and broadened the boundaries of 
Puritan Massachusetts. 

At the death of Cleeve there could not have been many persons oni 



282 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

the Neck, which was the popular name for what is now the city of 
Portland. Out of the forty families which, in 1675, lived in the town 
of Falmouth, which then extended from Spurwink to Clapboard 
Island, running back eight miles, only five or six lived on the Neck. 
The year 1675 was the year of the first Indian war. In the attacks 
on Falmouth which the savages made that year the whole town was 
rendered desolate. Thirty-two people at one attack were killed and 
carried into captivity. The minister, George Burroughs, who was 
afterwards executed at Salem for witchcraft, took refuge with ten 
men, six women and sixteen children on Cushing's Island, and was 
not rescued until ten days after. He was reserved for a sadder 
fate. 

Two years elapsed before the people returned to their ruined 
homes, but this disaster was only the precursor of a greater devas- 
tation. During the next ten years Falmouth grew apace. Seven 
hundred people found homes within its limits, and one hundred and 
twenty-five populated the Neck. But the signs of a new Indian war 
began to show themselves from many directions. Baron Castine, 
exasperated by the sacking of his house at Bagaduce, had in 16S8 
captured the fort at Pemaquid and the next year a large expedition 
was fitted out against Falmouth and Fort Loyall, which had been 
built on the Neck after the war of 1675. The fortunate arrival of 
.Major Church the very night before the attack, saved the town after 
a right in which the enemy were routed and driven away. But the 
respite was of short duration. The next year the country, deserted 
by Massachusetts, was overwhelmed by an incursion of French and 
Indians, and for two years there was not a white man east of the 
town of Wells. So utterly paralyzing was this last blow that the 
bodies even of the brave defenders of our town lay unburied under 
the summer suns and the winter snows until Major Church performed 
the last sad duty for the bones of those of whose blood he was 
certainly guiltless. Had he been able after the fight on Brackett's 
farm to rouse the people of Massachusetts to their duty, the terrible 
calamity might never have happened. For twenty-six years, more 
than a quarter of a century, almost the lifetime of a generation, 
what is now the city of Portland, was deserted. The ruins of Fort 
Loyall stood in the midst of a wilderness. The homes had disap- 
peared. The prosperous traffic had departed. But after the P 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 283 

of Utrecht, one after another of the old inhabitants or their 
descendants, with new blood from the adjoining country, came back 
and took up the line of progress and growth which has never since 
been broken. From that time until Mowatt burned the town in 1775, 
our people no longer suffered aggression but became themselves the 
aggressors. In 17 16 one Ingersoll built a hut on the Neck and lived 
there. He was called, therefore, Governor Ingersoll, and probably 
was the only governor there ever was in Maine who was entirely 
satisfactory to the better element of his party. Next year there 
came two others, Major Moody and Captain Larrabee. In 17 18, 
there were fourteen families, and in 1725 came Parson Smith, who 
found twenty-seven families, perhaps a hundred and fifty people. 
In 1749, there were seven hundred, and ten years afterward a 
thousand. In 1764, the census gave three thousand seven hundred 
and seventy for the whole town of Falmouth, which perhaps would 
imply eleven or twelve hundred for the Neck. When the town was 
organized, just a hundred years ago, there must have been about two 
thousand people. It is the life and times of those two thousand 
people, and our happy deliverance, by the power of advancing 
civilization, from most of their troubles and sorrows, their habits, 
customs and ways of living, that we celebrate today. I trust that 
whoever takes my place a hundred years from now, may have as 
great an advance to chronicle in the happiness and comfort of all the 
people. 

The miracle which a hundred years has wrought in the United 
States of America is beyond the pen of the historian and beyond the 
eloquence of the orator. Before such a wonder the pen moves in 
vain and the voice is uplifted to a task beyond its power. Maps 
made a hundred years ago show only a narrow line of settlement 
along the Atlantic coast and on the Gulf of Mexico to New Orleans, 
while almost all beyond the Alleghanies is depicted like the un- 
known Central Africa before Livingstone entered on his voyages of 
discovery. Then no human skill or power could have guided any 
white man across that unknown waste which stretched from New 
York to the bay of San Francisco. No brave man then lived who 
was rash enough to dream of undertaking the journey. Today, in a 
moving palace of luxury, across bridges over mighty rivers, in tunnels 
through great hills, or climbing their mighty inclines, a mother sur- 



284 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

rounded by her children may from Sunday to Sunday span the whole 
distance between the two great oceans. Then the journey from 
Boston to New York cost the physical price of four days, with sixty- 
five frightful hours of discomfort, beginning at 3 o'clock in the morn- 
ing and ending at nightfall ; while today five hours of comfort and 
repose quits us of the distance. It took nine days by post for the 
news of the capture of Burgoyne to come to Portland, while the fall 
of Sedan was known the next morning, and the bombardment of 
Alexandria was in the evening papers. We can girdle the world 
today in a minute. A hundred years ago the Constitution of the 
United States had not been adopted. We were not even a nation. A 
hundred years ago Benjamin Franklin was yet aHve at the ripe age of 
eighty years. George Washington had thirteen years of life to live, 
and the whole career of Napoleon had yet to unfold itself to the 
astonished world. But not for me are any of these inspiring themes-. 
My humble talk deals only with a little corner of the great world ; but 
a little corner which is very dear to us here assembled, because it is 
beautiful and we love it, and it is our home. 

A hundred years ago habitable Portland was bounded by High 
street, I might almost say by Centre street and India, by the harbor and 
Congress street. Within that little parallelogram were almost all the 
houses left by Mowatt, with those rebuilt since the devastation made 
by his Meet eleven years before. Of the fifteen wharves which then 
pushed a little way into the harbor, not one has preserved its name 
or its identity. The first five at the east are included in the Grand 
Trunk grounds, and all the rest must be substantially covered by 
Commercial street and its improvements. Munjoy hill had still its 
original pine growth, while Bramhall hill was covered with scrub oak, 
which were called Vaughan's woods. The swamp extended down 10 
Winter street, and there was a big swamp in front of the Advertiser 
office, south of Federal street, drained by a brook which discharged 
itself at the foot of Exchange street. The houses of the poor were 
of but one-story, with a long, sloping roof. A great chimney in the 
centre gave two rooms on two sides, with fire-places, and a bed-room 
and entry on the other sides. The front room had a painted floor, 
with a few painted wooden chairs, a table for the Bible and psalm 
book. A few shells were on the mantel, the family register, and 
perhaps a few rude pictures on the wall. From this room, sacred to 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 285 

" company " and to solemn occasions, the light of day was religiously 
excluded; board shutters took the place of curtains. The family 
did not live there. It was too good for them. They lived in the 
kitchen, amid the steam of cookery, the horrors of washing-day, and 
the smoke of refractory chimneys. The sides of this room were 
wainscotted in pine, four feet high, and the rest of the walls were of 
coarse plaster. The ceiling was also made low, for heat was not to 
be wasted. If the frame would have made it too high, the split 
boards on which the plaster was stuck were lowered by studs to 
lessen the space, which had to be warmed. The ceiling was soon 
begrimed with the smoke of the fire, and variegated by the steam of 
washing-day. The heads of the family had chairs, but blocks of 
wood were good enough for children. Candles, in iron candle-sticks, 
gave all the light which eked out the day. Japanned lamps for oil 
were for the front room and for visitors. On the dresser, a ladder of 
shelves hung against the wall, were displayed treasures of tin and 
pewter. In a chest was the crockery which adorned the state 
occasions. 

The garret was unplastered, each rafter and board, with the 
chimney itself, had an individuality, from which no cunning device 
detracted. The architectural lamp of truth shone over the whole 
structure. The family clothing hung from nails wherever convenient, 
and in the garret were the family beds. Sometimes a rough board 
partition divided the garret, but this was rare. If there was a cellar 
there was no window to give light, and the sides had to be banked 
up in the winter with turf or pine boughs to make the cold blasts 
endurable. The houses of the rich had two stories, with four rooms 
on the first floor and four chambers on the second, with sometimes a 
porch, wherein to do the cooking. These houses had good cellars. 
The chimneys rested on arches, and the spaces under the arches 
were utilized for jam and preserves and such like delights. There 
were other houses, very few in number, perhaps not more than two 
or three, built within a year or two, which were still finer. The first 
brick house, the Longfellow house, had just been finished. Out of 
doors the contrast with the present day was still more marked. We 
were not within a quarter of a century of brick sidewalks. Perhaps 
there were a few flagstones in front of the dwellings of the rich, 
though Boston eight years later had none, and there may have been 



286 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

some board walks but the people must have got about for the most 
part on trodden paths. Fancy the early spring time and the mud 
puddles; and the affectionate mud which stuck to you closer than a 
brother ! At night there were no lights out of doors. If you 
wanted such a comfort you carried it yourself. It was not until 1810 
that the town ventured upon the unexampled luxury of furnishing oil 
for forty lamps which were subscribed for by the inhabitants, and 
then the fire wards in solemn assembly thought these lamps would 
need to be lighted only a hundred nights in a year. But a hundred 
years ago street lamps were not necessary. There were no 
amusements. There was not even a fire engine for the boys to run 
with. There was no theatre. Even twenty years after the town 
solemnly reprobated the designs of certain evil minded persons who 
contemplated a play house, and the legislature was to be asked to 
prohibit its erection. There were no hacks. Not a ship was owned 
in town. There was no lighthouse on Portland Head, and there 
were only sixty-eight arrivals and eighty clearances that year. The 
first bank had yet to be incorporated thirteen years afterwards. 
Four or five letters came into town every week and as many went 
out. The roads were so bad that the mail was sometimes delayed 
over a month. It took five or six days to get to Boston. " Now," 
says Willis, in 1833, with commendable pride, "now the mail is 
dispatched every day, performing the distance in sixteen or seventeen 
hours," little dreaming that we should reduce the time to three hours 
and a half. My successor, if the world has luck, will state it in 
minutes or perhaps in seconds. We had one newspaper, published 
once a week on a half sheet. People who did not go on foot went 
on horseback. Even if a man owned a chaise he was careful about 
taking it out. 

There was only one church, which stood where the First Parish 
now stands, but was broadside to the street. Sunday must have 
been a hard day to get through. There were no fires in the church. 
In the coldest winter it was unheated. Little foot stoves with glow- 
ing embers in them were all that mitigated the most arctic severity. 
The sermons were probably long, the prayers certainly were. The 
- were square, the partitions being nearly as tall as a man. 
1 • avbody stood up at prayers. The seats were hinged so that they 
could be turned up for convenience of leaning. And certainly the 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



287 



lay Christian ought to have had that convenience. He needed it. 
It was a provision in favor of life. When you read this quaint entry 
in Parson Smith's Journal, March 15th, 1740: "Had uncommon 
assistance; was an hour in each of the first prayers," you cannot 
repress the feeling inquiry whether the poor parishioners also had 
" uncommon assistance." To us in these soft and degenerate days 
it does really seem as if poor unassisted human nature could not 
have stood it. 

The rich of that day were well dressed having wigs and three 
cornered cocked hats and much affluence of style. Everybody, rich 
and poor, wore breeches. Captain Joseph Titcomb — on whom be 
peace — first of men wore pantaloons in Portland in 1790. Home- 
spun must have been much worn and suspenders not at all. The 
rich must have been able to fare sumptuously every day for there 
was abundance of fish, flesh and fowl to be had for money. The 
poor could have had very little white bread. Rye and Indian, with 
corn bread, must have been a large part of their diet with hasty 
pudding and molasses. The drinking habits were more than bad. It 
was quite respectable to get drunk. The rich got drunk and even the 
clergy at ordinations sometimes " forgot decorum," which is probably 
the clerical name for the same thing. It was quite a point with the 
poor man of those days to get drnnk on Saturday so that he might 
have Sunday to sober off in. Liquors were furnished at funerals, 
and there must have been scandalous scenes, for the selectmen in 
1788 "earnestly recommend" that the custom cease. The dead 
were carried to their graves by bearers. When Commodore Preble 
was buried in 1807, there was not a carriage in the procession. Of 
schools there was only one in the town, and thirty pounds was the 
expenditure for education that year. Cleanliness had not been 
reduced to a science and vermin of one syllable were not unknown. 
Cotton was not yet grown in the United States. There were no 
steam engines in America, and no lucifer matches anywhere on the 
earth. ^ 

I have thus given you a rough and imperfect picture (no one 
knows better than I how imperfect it is), of Portland and its life a 
hundred years ago. Between that day and this you can each for 
yourself make the comparison. Is there one who listens to me today 
who is not glad that his lot has been cast in the Portland of today 



288 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

rather than on the Neck in 1786? And yet you will not go half 
through the next political campaign without hearing some praiser of 
the days gone by, on either side, bemoaning himself over the degen- 
eracy of our times. You will hear the phrases, "the poor poorer and 
the rich richer," rolling in rotund sentences out of those who have 
so long ceased to be babes and sucklings, that out of their mouths 
is perfected no praise of God. The rich have grown richer, but so 
have also the poor. Richer in rights and privileges; richer in com- 
forts and in happiness. I hold him to be a heathen and a publican 
who doubts that under the law of nature, the embodiment of which 
is God, the progress of the poor keeps more than equal pace with 
the progress of the rich. Far enough indeed are we from perfection. 
But whoever doubts progress, doubts God. ''Whenever," says the 
president of the great Pennsylvania Railroad, "whenever we cease 
to spend money on capital account this road will begin to die." 
Whenever agitation for progress, agitation grounded on sound 
reasons, or false ones on wise reasons or silly ones, ceases, the race 
will have got ready to disappear from the earth. 

Look around you and see what a hundred years in this little 
peninsula has done for the comfort of us all. The streets and side- 
walks and parks belong to rich and poor alike. In 1786 what but an 
errand of mercy or necessity would have tempted a strong man to 
struggle with the mud and darkness of an April night in the journey 
from the head of High street to the foot of India? In 1SS6 any girl 
can go at night from Munjoy to Bramhall dry shod, lighted on her 
cheerful way by the blaze of electric lamps. When I thus think of 
the progress of the last century, and the sure progress of the next. I 
hope to be forgiven for the deep-seated envy with which I regard the 
happy Portlander of 1986. 

I have no design to give you a history of Portland today. That 
history has been written by Mr. Willis and Mr. Goold, and its earlier 
scenes have had full justice done them by Mr. Baxter. And why 
should I try to do ill what they have done so well? My only design, 
by some glances here and there, is to show to our people how well 
worthy of study is the history of their own city. Here, we lead our 
prosaic, every-day lives, have happened events as tragic, scenes as 
thrilling as ever adorned the stories of those old world cities, for the 
sight of which we cross the rolling ocean. The quaint old letters 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 289 

reveal love as tender and true, courage as undaunted and steadfast, 
and patriotism as lofty and ennobling as any which have been 
celebrated in story and in song. Great deeds thrill us wherever 
done, — great words wherever spoken, for human nature is broader 
than place and wider than kinship ; but where great deeds have been 
done and noble words spoken at our very homes, on our very hearth- 
stones and by our own kith and kin the thrill of pride becomes 
more positive because more personal. Who is there of you who 
hears me today who does not read with redoubled emotion, born of 
this sentiment of home and kinship, how this town waited with 
uneasy expectation and excited hope the issue of that gallant little 
sea fight in which the prowess of England and the courage of 
America were measured against each other by the brave sailors on 
the Enterprise and the Boxer? On this spot can human emotion 
ever cease to kindle when our thoughts rest on that little procession 
which conducted the dead captains to their romantic burial on the 
green hill side 

" Which overlooks the tranquil bay 
Where they in battle died." 

There is but one old world romance more touching than this; that 
these two gallant young heroes who never met except as foes should 
lie side by side like brothers through the long night of time, over- 
looking the scenes of their last heroic endeavor. 

What heart here is not richer with honest sympathy ; who does, 
not feel a deeper human interest in the great Commodore Preble 
when he has read the tender, manly letter in which he avows his love 
for the lady who afterwards bore his name. Love in all ages is the 
same, the same sweet mystery when fortune favors, the same awful 
sorrow, when fortune frowns. But Edward Preble, the gallant 
sailor, the scourge of the Barbary pirates, was our hero and we have 
a personal interest in the emotions of his heart as well as in his 
glory and his fame. 

Who here does not have an individual delight, a personal satis- 
faction when he stumbles on that sturdy phrase in the old moldy 
deposition where deponent saith that George Cleeve, on being told 
he could have his house and land at Spurwink if he would attorn to 
Trelawney, indignantly declared "he would be tennant to never a 
man in New England." Thus spoke the spirit of the new continent 
19 



290 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

which echoes in our hearts today. The vigorous men who had put 
between them and the servitudes and tenancies of the old world, 
three thousand miles of watery waste, meant in the new world to be 
the peers of all others and the servants of none. 

There is a little passage in the old diary of the great General 
Knox, whom George Washington loved, which interests us more 
than it does all the rest of the world. When the brave General was 
sent to Ticonderoga to bring cannon for the siege of Boston, he 
records on the first day of the year 1776 that he wrote letters to 
General Washington "and one to my lovely Lucy." — That "lovely 
Lucy," dead now long years ago, was the daughter of Hannah 
Waldo, the spirited girl who, tired beyond endurance, and angered 
beyond repression at the indecision and procrastination of her lover, 
refused in the presence of all the wedding guests to marry the only 
son of Sir William Pepperell, the greatest magnate there ever was in 
all New England. The "lovely Lucy" had all her mother's temper, 
and more than her mother's pride, and the great general whose 
artillery had been prevalent in many a siege and on many a field 
was not always master of the stately mansion he built in the wilds of 
Maine. 

The town of Falmouth was twice destroyed. Twice was it sacked 
and left desolate. One scene in the first destruction, in 1676, always 
hi id strong hold on my imagination. When the savages swooped in, 
killed the brave grandson of George Cleeve and carried the Bracketts 
into captivity, George Burroughs, the minister on the Neck, escaped 
to Cushing's Island, with ten men, six women and sixteen children. 
On the north slope, towards Peak's Island, can perhaps yet be seen 
the remains of the rough stone breast-work, behind which these poor 
people awaited death or rescue. What a blessing it was to George 
Burroughs that the prophetic vision so longed for in the earlier ages 
of the world was not vouchsafed to him. Over those long nights of 
vigil and those weary days of waiting, witli the unpitying ocean on 
the one side and the merciless savages on the other, there hung no 
black foreboding of the shameful death on the scaffold to be in dieted 
on him by his fellow Christians, more cruel in their ignorance than 
athen in the,ir wrath. Death by tomahawk and scalping knife 
is to escape, only to meet a sadder doom at the hands of his 
fellow Christians. George Burroughs was executed for witchcraft at 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



291 



Salem, in 1692. It was a shameful death; but not to him. He 
died as a brave man should, steadfast, prayerful and high of heart. 
Neither religion nor infidelity, neither faith nor science, nor the wit 
of man hath ever explained that mysterious way of God so often 
manifest in human history, when the brave, upright, truthful, manly 
man is driven ignominiously from the world, leaving it with all its 
honors and delights to the victorious miscreant, the sinuous schemer 
and the crawling coward. Yet in the great cycles of the Almighty 
the wicked flourish only for a season, while righteousness is like the 
stars, forever and ever. 

Falmouth was destroyed the second time in 1690; but the year 
before it narrowly escaped destruction. In the old orchard, opposite 
Deering's Woods, near which the boys of my day and neighborhood 
used to spend many a holiday, unconscious of the tragic events 
which marked its earlier history, was fought the greatest Indian fight 
in the district of Maine. On the 17th of September, 1689, there had 
landed at Peak's Island two hundred savages who awaited until the 
20th, a reinforcement, which doubled their number. During those 
three days the people could have expected nothing but destruction. 
They were few in number, utterly unable to cope with their enemies. 
It must have been a joyful sight to them, when at three o'clock on 
Monday afternoon, Major Benjamin Church came sailing into the 
harbor with the longed for but unexpected reinforcements. At 
night-fall, the Major, having carefully concealed his forces mean- 
while, drew close to the shore, landed his soldiers, made his 
dispositions, ordered himself called two hours before daylight and 
then, like a prudent man, went to bed. The Indians, during the 
night paddled across Back Cove and landed in the rear of the 
Brackett farm. Promptly the next morning at half an hour before 
daylight, Captain Church, not knowing where the enemy were, 
stationed a part of his forces a half a mile from the town, probably 
in Deering's pasture, had them send out scouts, and himself returned 
to town. Before he could get breakfast an alarm called him back 
and he learned from Brackett's sons the position of the enemy. 
Captain Hall appears at once to have marched against the foe 
crossing the creek above Deering's Bridge and to have been hotly 
engaged, while the two other captains, remaining on the other side, 
fired at the Indians over the heads of Capt. Hall's company. 



292 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



Church, who had returned again to town to cause the musket balls, 
which were too big for his guns, to be hammered into slugs, found a 
few bullets and three knapsacks of ammunition and hurrying back 
had them transported across the creek. Then seizing the situation 
with the eye of a good soldier, he demanded how he could cross the 
creek farther up. When he was told there was a bridge, probably 
near where the railroad now crosses Portland street, he took the two 
companies remaining on this side the stream and ran shouting to the 
bridge. Crossing, and leaving there an ambuscade of six men, he 
ordered Captain Southworth with his company of English, to go 
down the edge of the marsh to the assistance of Captain Hall, while 
he, with the company of Indians, would go through the brush and 
attack the enemy in the rear. After much "bad travelling" through 
the matted brush, he had just got into position, when the word came 
that the enemy were making for the bridge. He rushed back to 
intercept them and his ambuscade told him the enemy were skirting 
the swamp at the head of the creek, further up, on their way to the 
Neck. Not knowing the country, he scattered his men and started 
in pursuit. He seems to have gone around Bramhall's Hill to 
Thaddeus Clark's farm, where the peaceful, undisturbed cattle, 
grazing in the held showed him that no Indians had passed that way. 
Hastily retracing his steps to the field of battle, he found the victory 
had been won, that this march to the rear, though abandoned, had 
done its work, and the Indians had dissappeared, carrying with them 
their dead. Church's forces lost twenty-one killed and wounded. 
Among them were two soldiers from the fort and two townsmen. 

But the town, which had thus happily escaped, was not Ion 
enjoy its security. The next year witnessed the successful attack 
whiili rendered Falmouth Neck an uninhabited wilderness for six 
and twenty years. Fort Loyall, of which all traces have now 
dissappeared, was built just before 1680, by the aid of Massachusetts. 
There lias been left us no description of this fort, but it must have 
large, tor the town buildings were within the walls, which were 
made of logs. Besides Fort Loyall, there were the Ingersoll garrison, 
at the foot of Exchange street ami the Lawrence garrison on 
Munjoy. 

Fort Loyall was built near where Fore street crosses India. 
stood on what was then a bluff fifteen feet or more above the water. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 293 

an elevation which did more than anything else to ensue its downfall. 
During the year 1690 the Massachusetts authorities, despite the pro- 
tests of Major Church and the prayers of the people, had been 
gradually withdrawing the troops which garrisoned it. Only a few 
days before the fatal attack the captain in charge, Simon Willard, 
departed for Boston with the soldiers of his company, leaving behind 
him less than seventy men. While Massachusetts was thus render- 
ing our little settlement helpless, the enterprising Frontenac, the 
Governor of Canada, was organizing destruction for the whole dis- 
trict of Maine. Early in January a small force started from Montreal, 
and gathering recruits as it moved, reached the banks of the 
Kennebec at Winslow, where they were joined by the Baron Castine 
and by Hurtel with his forces, red-handed from the massacre at 
Salmon Falls. All these French and Indians were gathered together 
early in May under command of the Count de Portneuf. From the 
Kennebec they marched to Merrymeeting Bay, and came to the 
Islands. The defenders of Fort Loyall seemed to have had no 
conception of the numbers to be arrayed against them. When the 
enemy first made their appearance, climbing over Munjoy Hill and 
planting themselves in ambuscade, Lieut. Thaddeus Clark, a gallant 
Irishman, with thirty of the stoutest youth, stepped out as bravely as 
gaily to drive away the lurking foes. But as they rushed up with 
loud hurrahs, the enemy poured in one volley and sprang upon them 
with sword and hatchet with such fierceness and in such numbers 
that only five, all wounded, escaped to Lawrence Garrison near by. 
That night, the 16th, Fort Loyall was summoned to surrender and 
the answer came "that they should defend themselves to the death." 
That night, also, the men from the garrison came into Fort Loyall 
where had been gathered the people of the town. It must have 
been a doleful company that sheltered itself behind those frail 
palisades. Thirty of their best and bravest lay killed and wounded 
and their wives and mothers and companions knew that they 
themselves were cut off from all succor and surrounded by howling 
savages. The light and smoke of their burning dwellings added new 
horrors to the scene. They soon found that under the bluff on 
which their fort was built, the enemy had gathered, out of reach of 
cannon and musketry, and were slowly and surely undermining their 
defences. After four days of suspense and terror, after the greater 



294 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

part of the men had been killed or wounded, after destruction by tire 
became .1 terrible certainty, the brave little garrison surrendered and 

were for the most part handed over to the savages. Quarter was 
promised but the promise was not respected. How many sur- 
rendered no muster list disclosed. We only know that a few 
hack from Canada. While the fight was raging two men from 
Spurwink climbed the hill and saw the burning dwellings, while a 
little shallop from Piscataqua sailed into the harbor in time to see 
tin- sturdy defence of the garrisons. These spread the news far and 
wide. After Casco fell, the marauding savages with lire and flame, 
completed the destruction of all which the fleeing and captured 
inhabitants had left behind them. 

Of the last war episode in the history of Portland I shall not 
speak. Its bombardment by Mowatt everybody knows. A more 
wanton, indefensible assault upon an undefended city has not dis- 
graced the annals of modern warfare. 

but while the city has thus suffered by war and rapine it has also 
been the scene of much pomp and pageantry. Indeed the waters of 
Casco witnessed a great scenic display before a white man had sel 
his foot on shore, for did not bold Captain Christopher Levett in the 
year of our Lord one thousand six hundred and twenty-three sail 
down the harbor "with the king and queen and prince, bow and 
arrows, dog and kettle, in his boat, his noble attendants rowing by 
us in their canoes?" and was not meat, drink and tobacco given to 
the lordly savages ? and is not the same figured in Mr. ( 'ioold his book ? 
Let us hope, to complete the glowing scene, that great fishes chased 
each other with heads like "the stone horses in a gentleman's park," 
that Michael Milton's Triton looked on approving, having not yet 
"(bed the water with his purple blood." while the " tyrant " bear <>n 
the shore paused a moment from his pursuit of the succulent lobster 
in the shallow pool. 

On one great day in 1754 we had here the Governor <»f Massachu- 
setts, and a Governor of Massachusetts of that day was a superior 
being, and suspected it himself. There came also a majority of the 
Council, and the Speaker of the House and eight hundred troops. 
They stayed with us ten days, and there was great feasting and 
rhej treated with the Indians and went their stately way 
back to Boston, and lived happily ever afterwards. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 295 

I do not remember these two scenes, but I do remember the 
boyish face of the Prince of Wales, and that remarkable hat of the 
Duke of Newcastle, which I trust his posterity have preserved, for it 
must have descended from his ancestors. I remember also the 
wonderful grandeur of the saluting ships as they belched fire until 
the white smoke covered the sea and floated away against the black 
and lowering sky. I little thought as I saw that mighty line-of-battle 
ship, the " Hero," sail majestically out of the harbor with her ninety 
guns tier on tier, that I should live to see that representative of 
England's pride and glory as obsolete and defenceless as the old 
block-house at York. Yet only ten years afterwards there came 
steaming into the harbor the tall iron ship, the " Monarch," before 
whose powerful cannon and armored prow the great ninety-gun ship, 
which would have been the pride of Nelson in the days of his highest 
glory, could have had no refuge even in flight. But the mighty 
"Monarch," with its towering sides and its turrets of iron, which 
bore the dead philanthropist across the sea, the monitors which 
welcomed her to our shores, and even the great admiral, whose 
benignant face added a two-fold charm to the glory of his mighty 
deeds, were but the ornaments of the great historic event their 
presence signalized. The honors thus paid to the remains of an 
untitled citizen solely because he had been the benefactor of his 
race, marked another epoch in our progress toward that happy day 
when the bronze statues of military leaders on horseback will no 
longer be the sole adornment of capital cities, when war, noble and 
ennobling as it sometimes is, shall cease from the earth; when the 
great brotherhood of men shall become a fact and not a dream ; 
when we shall have not only liberty and equality, but every talent 
and strength and power unselfishly consecrated to the good of all, 
we shall have true fraternity also, that bright vision alike of Com- 
munist and Christian. 

Yet while I thus celebrate the longed-for victory of peace, and my 
hope of the speedy coming of the golden age, I was no more insen- 
sible than you when we beheld together on that wonderful day of 
June, only a year ago, the old men who had gone forth to battle in 
the prime of their manhood, the middle-aged men who had conse- 
crated to their country the flower of their youth, go marching by the 
famous general, whose mind, as he stood uncovered to their cheers, 



296 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

must have been thronged with strange memories of the brave days 
gone by. Ah ! we cannot help it. Whatever reason may teach, or 
wisdom dictate, that heart is dead that does not vibrate with all its 
chords to the flow of martial music and the measured march of men 
who met death face to face on the stricken field. 

I know that one here in my place today ought to speak in no 
stinted terms of the enterprising, solid and strong men and women 
who lived here one hundred years ago, whose sturdy descendants are 
scattered all over this hall. But to do it worthily would require not 
the knowledge born of hurried moments snatched from more engross- 
ing duties, but that ripe acquaintance with all our history which 
William Willis carried with him to the grave, and which William 
Goold possesses today. Even then the day would be far spent 
before I could close. 

Nor can I speak fittingly of the poets and artists, statesmen and 
scholars, who have adorned our history, and have helped to make 
the old town famous to the outer world. What justice would a page 
of description do to the character, the poetry, the genius of Henry 
Wadsworth Longfellow? How could I, in a passing mention, dis- 
tinguish between what was brilliant and what was frivolous in 
Nathaniel Parker Willis. Would you have me undertake to portray 
in a sentence the strange genius of John Neal ? I might as well try 
to bring back to this generation the pleasure and laughter which 
Jack Downing's Letters caused to the generation which tlourished 
before I was born. Nor have I any idea that I could mete out the 
proper phrases for the ripe scholarship of Henry B. Smith, the 
theology of Dr. Nichols, the pastoral worth of Edward Payson, or 
the great administrative powers of Bishop Bacon. It would be 
invidious to select from the living, or I could not refrain from offer- 
ing my tribute of admiration and regard to that aged minister who 
came to us from over the sea, whose noble face, whose stately beauty 
of language, whose full, strong, upright life has always made him 
seem to me the ideal Christian minister, preaching the faith and 
practice of which his own life is the shining example. I should feel 
much freer to speak, for they were almost of my day, of the fame 
which was lost to us by the untimely death of William Law Bymonds, 
and of the fame which Walter Wells might have won had not that 
strong intellect been overborne by so frail a body. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 297 

Nor will I speak of the statesmen except as I saw them. Time 
would fail me to do justice to them also. George Evans came to 
Portland in his old age. I well remember hearing him present a 
case in court ; and the impression which his quiet power, clearness 
and strength made on me then, has enabled me since to understand 
how he might have been the peer of the best in the days of Webster, 
and Clay, and Calhoun, and to comprehend what manner of man he 
was in his prime, when he attacked John Quincy Adams with such 
vigor and power that the old man eloquent, who never declined battle 
with any other man, saw fit to make him no reply. 

The most impressive scene I ever witnessed took place in this 
very hall. Here, almost on the very spot where I now stand, William 
Pitt Fessenden stood, before the constituency which had loved and 
honored him for so many years. The hall was black with the throng- 
ing multitude. It was at the beginning of a great presidential cam- 
paign, the last he was ever to witness. The great problem of recon- 
struction was to be reviewed. Mr. Fessenden had been the master 
spirit in its solution. The war debt was to be assailed. Mr. 
Fessenden had been chairman of the committee of finance and 
secretary of the treasury. To all this was added the intense per- 
sonal interest of his recent defeat of the impeachment of Andrew 
Johnson. With full knowledge of the storm about him, but with 
the courage of perfect conviction he faced the responsibility. The 
occasion was a great one, but the man was greater than the occa- 
sion. Calmly ignoring, except in one sharp, incisive sentence, all 
that was personal, with his old vigor, terseness and simplicity, he 
explained to his townsmen the momentous issues of the campaign. 
From the moment he began, the party rage commenced to cease 
and the old pride in his greatness and honesty began to take its 
place. How strong he looked that night! Although all the world 
might falter, you knew that calm face would be steadfast. To him 
had happened the rare good fortune of having the courage and 
character which matched a great opportunity. Few men would have 
been so brave, and fewer still successful. 

I have not spoken of the conduct of our city in either of the wars 
waged beyond its limits. That subject also would be too vast for an 
occasion like this. Nor do I like to speak at all of the one within 
the memory of us all. For us it has as much of sorrow as of glory. 



298 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

It brings up to me always the vision of a fair young face, the quiet 
associate of the studious hours, the bright companion of the days of 
pleasure. Can it be that I shall never look into those cheerful eyes 
again ? Can it be that neither the quaint jest of the happier hours 
nor the solemn confidences of the heart just opening to full sense of 
the high duties of life will ever again fall upon the ear of friendship 
or of love? It can be no otherwise. He can only live in my 
memory, but he lives there, sublimated in the crucible of death, from 
all imperfections, clothed upon with all his virtues, and radiant with 
all the possibilities of a generous youth. Other companions have 
failed in their careers, but not he. All the world has grown old, but 
he is forever young. And yet the dead, however sweetly embalmed, 
are but the dead. One touch of the vanished hand were worth all 
our dreams. All our memories, however tender, are consolation 
only because there can be no other, for the lost strength and vigor 
of the living, the stilled pulsations of a heart no longer beating to 
thoughts of earth. What safe my heart holds, holds many a heart in 
this great audience. The generations to come will celebrate the 
glory. This generation knows the cost. 

With many words unspoken, with many thoughts unsaid, I must 
hasten to the close. There have been those in times past who have 
dreamed of a greater Portland than that on which our eyes now rest. 
They have believed that at some not distant day the old town of 
Falmouth, from Spurwink to Clapboard Island, would swarm with 
uncounted thousands ; that on the land on either hand between us 
and the ocean the great warehouses would yet stand, bursting with 
riches brought over the sea and across the continent; that the great 
roadsteads where the tall sloops used to ride before a white man 
lived on the shore, would be studded with ships and thronged with 
the commerce of the world. If this wild vision shall ever become a 
reality, and the things of earth then concern us who sit here, there 
will not be wanting those who will think with sad. regretful remem- 
brance of the golden sunsets which now gild the white hills and 
pour their softened radiance over the darkening forests, over the 
fields rich with bright vendure, and over the tranquil waters of the 
broad river, which ebbs and flows near the base of Bramhall's Hill. 
They will long also to stand again on the Mun joy of today and look 
out on the smooth, untroubled expanse of sea, on the great green 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 299 

islands and all the varied landscape which lies between the eye and 
the horizon's edge. For whether your eye looks seaward or shore- 
ward, there is no more beautiful city than the beautiful Portland 
of today. No wonder the thoughts of the great poet were so often 
on the lovely spot of his nativity. No wonder the brave and famous 
admiral, storm-tossed on many a sea, longed to take his eternal rest 
amid these bright scenes of his childhood. Yet this longing was not 
born of the memory of beauty alone. Whatever fame great achieve- 
ments may bestow; whatever honors the world may give, it is ever 
the most cherished hope of every seeker after fame or fortune to be 
kindly remembered and lovingly honored on the spot which gave him 
birth. 

At the close of Mr. Reed's oration which was listened 
to with close attention and frequently applauded, the 
Haydn Association then sang;, " Ye shall dwell in the 
land," by Dr. Stainer. Mrs. Chase and Mr. Watts sang 
the solos. 

The Mayor then rose and spoke as follows: 

Portland is honored no less by her gifted daughters than by her 
distinguished sons. One of the best known of these daughters has 
returned today to delight us with her presence as well as charm us 
with her verse. 

We shall experience a great pleasure in listening to Mrs. Abba 
Goold Woolson, whom I now have the honor of presenting. 

POEM BY MRS. ABBA GOOLD WOOLSON. 

Ye bid me wake, with touch unskilled and weak, 

The mighty harp that elder bards have strung; 
Ye bid my faltering voice essay to speak 

A city's joy, where nobler strains have rung. 
Nor festal hymn, nor gladsome lay were mine 

Should once her poets to my vision rise, 
Like those rapt singers that the Florentine 

Beheld with reverent eyes; 
And mute were I, did venturous thought recall 
That laurelled name on London's minster-wall. 



•'{<»() CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Yet leaps my heart to celebrate the fame 

Of that dear city which we proudly boast 
( Mdest and largest that our State can claim 

In all her leagues of bay-indented coast. 
From East to West, throughout her broad domains, 

Swept by their lordly rivers flowing free, 
In lake-strewn forests and pine-mantled plains 

No spot so fair to see : 
Within her far-famed bay she sits serene, 
Of all Maine's cities the acknowledged queen. 

Like posted sentinels in outer courts. 

Her guards and watchmen stand on many a steep, 
That she may dwell secure; three frowning forts 

Train their long guns in menace o'er the deep, 
With call imperious challenging her foes; 

Scanning that ocean-path by night, by day, 
The old red tower upon her hill-top knows 

What rovers seek her bay; 
While headland lights, like torches o'er the foam 
Of darkling waters, guide her wanderers home. 

Child of the sea, her eager looks are sent 

Towards distant Europe, o'er the rolling surge; 
Behind her spreads a teeming continent. 

Herself the mistress of its eastern verge. 
Yet linking her with far Pacific lands. 

Speed the great engines, rushing to and fro 
O'er the straight pathway <>f their iron Lands; 

While swift her white ships go, 
Like gleaming shuttles, thing o'er the main 
To English ports, or shores of France and Spain. 

Her roving sailors, from their floating dei ks, 
Descry no lands so lovely as her own : 

How bright so e'er the realm, it little recks 
To them what splendors gild a foreign /one. 

And though her sons may rear their homesteads well 
On southern plain and many a western farm. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 301 

Where love and fortune weave a potent spell, 

She holds a lasting charm : 
Long years may pass, and wide her children roam, 
Yet on her hearth-stones burn the fires of home. 

In summer's sunshine every land is fair; 

But fair are her dear coasts in sun or shade ; 
Nor winter's sleet, nor August's sultry air 

Can make her other than fond nature made : 
Better her ocean gales, her spray-swept shore, 

Her fog-clouds driven o'er the shivering land, 
Her wild tempestuous breakers, and their roar, 

Than alien zephyrs bland. 
No storms can wreck her beauty ; clearer glows 
Her freshened lustre, like a rain-dashed rose. 

For nature loves her well ; a verdurous wood 

Of waving boughs seems sheltering the town ; 
And Vaughan's old oaks, a mighty brotherhood, 

On Bramhall stand ; though pines no longer crown 
Munjoy's broad slopes descending to the sea. 

In swaying elms the wild bird builds her nest ; 
Across these ancient gardens still the bee 

Goes murmuring on her quest ; 
And, searching for lost springs, the dragon-fly, 
On wings of steely gauze, darts whirring by. 

For man alone has not possessed this spot, 

This strip of land between encircling seas ; 
The tiny races whom we value not 

Have danced their summer revels down the breeze, 
And lightly slept within their native earth ; 

And still their kindred in the sunbeams dwell. 
We know no story of their nation's birth, 

Of them no records tell ; 
But nature's self their passing lives may scan 
As parts essential to her perfect plan. 






302 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Not all the ships that in its haven ride 

Can take one native charm from Casco Bay ; 
Dark, plumy forests swing above the tide 

On island shores, where still, in careless play, ' 
The wild duck floats, the lonely plover calls ; 

In wave-washed nooks, by human eye unseen, 
The glistening kelp forever lifts and falls ; 

And silvery birches lean, 
In sunny coves, above the hard, white sand, 
Where glides no skiff, no rover seeks the land. 

When home-bound from the deep, a tiny shape 

On dancing waves, the fisher's boat is seen 
Rounding the eastern shores of that broad cape 

Named at her death for England's mighty queen, 
How welcome to his gaze each curving line 

From Scarboro's river-Points to Barberry creek ! 
At Spurwink's mouth the long, white beaches shine : 

Beyond, his glances seek 
Richmond's lone island, on whose farthest edge 
Breaks the wild surf o'er Watts' fatal ledge. 

Its quiet farmhouse has no tale to tell 

Of vanished fleets and storehouses and pier ; 
His fancy hears no pealing chapel-bell, 

Nor sees young Parson Jordan sauntering near, 
Joining the captains from their busy ships, 

And mistress Sarah in her London gown, 
And passing in to pray with fervent lips 

For good King Charles' crown. 
Nor does his thought that earlier vision hold 
Of slaughtered trader, and his buried gold. 

Near the Two Lights, where dangerous waters glide, 
He hears Old Anthony's unceasing knell; 

Through Portland Roads he hurries with the tide 
Pas1 their white tower, and feels the rising swell 

That rocks the skiffs in Simonton's broad cove; 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 303 

From Preble's rampart booms the sunset-gun 
O'er Cushing's Point, where erst a village throve ; 

And now the sunken sun 
Crimsons the wave, where gleaming silks outblown 
Once scarfed a sea with priceless wreckage strewn. 

To one who sits upon the cliff afar, 

Noting the waning splendors of the light, 
He moves, a floating speck, behind the bar 

Of Stanford's ledge, and soon is lost to sight. 
Against the lingering radiance of the west, 

With dome and slender steeples ranged a-row, 
The tree-embowered city on her crest 

Burns in a golden glow; 
While warmer tints, that through the waters play, 
Flush the far sails and mantle all the bay. 

Like lovely Venice throned above the tide, . 

At such an hour the glimmering city seems; 
Or some rich caravan, at eve descried 

Nigh to Damascus, — journeying in our dreams. 
And when the misty branches sway and glance, 

We see an army's glittering legions stand, 
With blazing standards lifted to advance; 

One signal of command, 
And the great host shall move forever by, 
Their floating banners sweeping down the sky. 

A leafy home for whispering dryads made 

Remains their haunt, though murmuring streets are near, 
Where Deering's Oaks, within their solemn shade, 

Preserve a hush, a spell, that kindles fear; 
As if the bandits of good Robin Hood, 

Or playful fairies, trooped the paths at night, 
And only hid within the listening wood 

When wanderers came in sight : 
Yet rushing trains the sturdy branches shake, 
And children's laughter all the echoes wake. 



304 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Beyond dividing waters, where a field 

Slopes to the mansion on its level brow, 
Sweet orchard-glades their stern traditions yield 

Of savage conflict centuries ago. 
And westward still, with fonder memories blent, 

A furzy pasture tells of strange delights; 
For there the circus held its tournament, 

And there, on gala nights, 
The fireworks' magic dazed our childish eyes, 
Shooting its splendors to the startled skies. 

Our city guards, upon her eastern steep, 

The graveyard of her old,. historic dead, 
Where seven generations came to sleep 

Near the tall pine whose shadows long have fled : 
The aged parson, shepherding his flock, 

Idie brave young warriors, slain in reckless pride, 
Stout captains, fallen in the battle's shock, 

There slumber, side by side ; 
And sailors bold, that cruise the deep no more, 
Past the known headlands of this winding shore. 

From old Munjoy what glimpses, toward the west, 

( )f mighty summits, gleaming in their snows 
When plains are bare; of Blackstrap's needled crest! 

From Westbrook's fields beyond how lightly blows 
The thistle-globe upon the scented breeze, 

Threading the mazes of the wind-swept town 
To float and ride upon the summer seas ! 

And calmly looking down, 
In faithful vigil, stands the broad red tower. 
Waving its flags to hail this happy hour. 

On these glad festal days is toil forgot ; 

Merchants and lawyers throng the crowded way; 
I i wind and tide the sailor careth not; 

His little sloop, with all her pennons gay, 
W aits in the stream, that he may walk in pride 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 305 

With Portland's sons ; no farmer's scythe is swung ; 
No sportive children seek the country side ; 

But all, the old and young, 
Together come, their city's name to bless ; 
Happier to share each other's happiness. 

Within her gates no stranger's voice is mute ; 

They who have shared her welcome sing her fame ; 
The waiting steamships blow their shrill salute ; 

From anchored frigates seamen shout her name ; 
And where, beside the waves, the fortress lowers 

Thunder the booming cannon, keeping time ; 
Even the fog-bells, in their open towers 

On breezy headlands chime ; 
And the swift-coming engines, rushing near, 
Snort like great steeds, rejoicing to be here. 

The tree-tops swaying o'er the crowded street, 

The island forests, the resounding main, 
Near fields, awave with grass and rustling wheat, — 

Midsummer's gentle voices, swell the strain ; 
The swallow from the roof-tree sends his note ; 

Birds in the garden branches pipe and sing ; 
The sea-gull, screaming as he rocks afloat 

Or soars on circling wing, — 
All these of her dominion proudly raise 
In one full chorus their exultant praise. 

Dreaming she sits, this mother of us all, 

This city that has blessed us from our birth ; 
About her brows a fresh, green coronal, 

Twined by her children in their hour of mirth ; 
Seaward she looks, yet with a tender glance, 

Her mantle backward blown along the hill, 
Her head down-dropped, as in a thoughtful trance, 

Her fair hands clasped and still ; 
Scarce noting how the fitful breezes sweet 
And the glad billows run to kiss her feet. 



20 



30G CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Across the bay she sees the ships come in, 

Bringing her exiles to their homes once more; 
Beneath her cliff resounds the passing din 

Of trains that speed their thousands to her shore ; 
Each wanderer to her loving heart is dear; 

No child that she hath known hath she forgot : 
Their joyous greetings on her hundredth year 

She hears, but answers not; 
For memory, running back beyond our ken, 
Recalls the storied past to live again. 

She seems the brooding spirit of the place, 

Before whose gaze, in solemn vision, sweep 
Long centuries, since first a dusky race 

Came here to dwell on Machigonne's lone steep: 
Again she listens to their savage speech, 

Hears the swift arrow whistling through the glade, 
The light canoe drawn on the sandy beach ; 

And, 'mid the forest's shade, 
Sees the great sagamores, with darkling frowns, 
In haughty council rear their feathered crowns. 

Hither, attended by her royal train, 

Comes Cogawesco's noble-hearted queen, 
With welcome guiding through her own domain 

A stranger ship to yonder island green ; 
There the first colonists, of Saxon race, 

Fell the dense wood and build a goodly house ; 
Anon a statelier vessel seeks the place; 

While, under drooping boughs, 
An Oxford scholar builds his Latin lay, — 
The earliest bard to sing of Casco Bay. 

The ships depart; their men are seen no more : 
Ten years, and English trading-ships alone 

Come fishing to her bay, from Richmond's shore; 
n the first settler, proud to call his own 

The jutting mainland, with its circling strand, 
Builds a log cabin by her running brook. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 307 

For thirty years he portions out the land 

To West-of-England Folk, 
Brave Devon squires, whose fathers, from the main, 
With Drake and Raleigh, swept the fleets of Spain. 

In final rest, beneath a lofty pine 

Spared by his axe, the pioneer has lain 
But ten brief years, when forth, a flying line, 

From raided farms, her settlers seek the main. 
Returning, drawn, at last, by love and hope, 

They build anew, with fort and palisade; 
Then a day's battle on an orchard-slope, 

A long-besieged stockade, 
With desperate, vain defence, and wild uproar, 
And Indian warriors hold the land once more. 

Through flame and death her far-led captives go, 

While empty streets and bleaching bones remain : 
Long decades pass ; the wasted homesteads know 

Their sons once more, their hamlet thrives again. 
Soon a young parson comes the flock to lead ; 

And savage foes are bound by solemn peace ; 
Westward, to sister towns, the postmen speed ; 

While, over cool, bright seas, 
Their steady course the mighty mast-ships keep, 
And venturous traders skim a foreign deep. 

But if, above the waves' tumultuous roar 

In Biscay's bay, where the long breaker swells, 
Her hardy sailors hear, when off Bilboa, 

The faint, far ringing of Spain's convent-bells, 
And note, across dark olives on the height, 

Where the lone belfry cuts the glowing skies, 
The monk, slow passing in his robe of white, 

What longings wild arise 
To see that log-built meeting-house once more, 
Under the pine-trees of a northern shore. 



308 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Sixty glnd years, and Falmouth mourns again ; 

Her old protector has become her foe ; 
All day she shrinks before the scorching rain 

Of shot and shell ; all night the heavens glow 
With blazing ships and mansions wrapped in fire. 

From threatening fleets, and battle's dread alarms, 
To safer fields her stricken sons retire : 

At length, from Gorham farms 
And distant camps, her wanderers homeward flee, 
Hailing the Peace that makes a nation free. 

Soon free, herself, a prouder name to know 

Than Falmouth Neck, with years of strength begun, 
Fair Portland greets, a century ago, 

Christening and independence-day in one. 
An ocean-mart, she comes to rule the wave, 

To stand its foremost city, wise and great, 
When Gorges' province, with the name he gave, 

Steps forth, a sovereign State. 
And still her Devon blood would tempt the breeze 
And drive her foemen from insulting seas. 

What swift advance a hundred years have wrought, 

Despite embargo, war, and raging flame ! 
Great industries her changing needs have brought 

To feed her commerce ; where the postman came, 
Fly train and steamboat to her bridge-bound shore : 

For two good parsons that in sorrow spake, 
Thirty she hears ; for one gazette, a score ; 

She quaffs Sebago lake, 
For Marjory's spring; and for the candle's ray, 
Electric lights pour radiance clear as day. 

Although her last dread foe, the ruthless flame, 

Has razed her ancient homes, an honored feu- 
Preserve some treasures that the past would claim; 
There rest the mugs the Peter Waldo knew, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

From which old seadogs have been wont to drain, 
In deep carouse, their healths of Admiral rum ; 

Pale Canton silks, that tell in rent and stain 
How the Grand Turk came home ; 

There Mowatt's fiery shot, embedded deep, 

Have had a century for cooling sleep. 

Such the long memories that her heart has kept ; — 

Loss and disaster, but triumphant gain ; 
Four times the tomahawk or the flame has swept 

Her narrow slopes ; yet unto her remain 
A people crowding to the billowy strand 

And o'er the fields : a brave and courtly race ; 
With merchant-princes fitted to command 

Her fates in war and peace. 
Nor wealth alone, nor strength ; a mightier power 
She gives her children, — learning's priceless dower. 

Favored are we to greet thy festal year, 

O blessed town, which many ne'er behold, 
And none but once ; for all who gather here 

Must find their vigor spent, their brief lives told, 
Ere thou, still wearing thine immortal grace, 

And throned, as now, beneath resplendent skies, 
Shalt see another century end its race, 

Another dawn arise 
When mighty throngs shall tread thine ancient ways, 
And grateful thousands chant their votive lays. 

And thou wilt sit again among thy dead, 

Happy as now, and grown to prouder state ; 
Roses as fresh shall wreathe thy stately head, 

And worthier verse thy glories celebrate. 
But fairer than the splendors round thee then, 

More clear than other scenes by memory brought, 
This one glad summertide shall live again 

And brighten in thy thought ; 
This summertide, when first before thy feet 
Thy singing children flung their garlands sweet. 



309 



310 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

While yet in breeze and sunshine we rejoice, 

And echoes of our fleeting song remain. 
Or ere the swelling anthem drowns our voice, 

Give ear, great mother, to our parting strain ; 
Hail, dear protectress of our lives and toil ! 

A people's homage is the praise we bear ; 
Still bless our homes upon thy sacred soil ; 

And Heaven, that made thee fair, 
And gave thee strength, and kept thee through all fears, 
Shall guard thee still another hundred years. 

The Centennial Hymn, composed by Chas. P. Ilsley, 
of Cambridge, Mass., and set to music by David Paine, 
of the same city, both of whom are natives, and for 
many years residents of Portland, was one of merit and 
beauty. The Haydns rendered it with great effect. 
The audience, as requested, rose and united in singing 
the last stanza, which was sung to the tune of Old 
Hundred. The following is the hymn: 

CENTENNIAL HYMN. 

CHAS. P. ILSLEY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 

[Music by David Paine, Cambridge.] 

Through the dim corridors of time Cradled in ashes — doomed anew, 

There floats a peal, subdued and low, As if the sport of destiny, 

By fancy deemed a muffled chime The fiery ordeal to pass through, 

( >utrung a hundred years ago. She bravely faced the stern decree, 

titly "ii our listening ears II iven speed and prosper her emprise ! 

[n weird-lil falls the strain, Whate'er the burden on her laid, 

Behold, the Present disappears — As in the past, may she arise 

The buried Past revives again ! In strength and beauty fresh arrayed I 

Amazed, as held in magic thrall, All honors to our sires accord 

Wi gaze around in mute surprise : Who nurtured her and shaped her 

Lo, shattered roof and crumbling wall ways: 

\ i, ! blackened i uins meet our i All honors due to them award, 

Bj vandal hands this work was wrought — The guardians of her later da 

This widespread scene of dearth and Warm welcomes to her wand'ring sons 

blight : \'<'"- .it their native home, 

x > i i here, with dauntless ardor fraught, And greetings to the absent ones, 

Our infant city plumed her flight. Where'er their truant steps may foam. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 311 

Haydn Association. 

Tune — " Old Hundred." 

And unto Him whose sovereign care 

Prolonged our lives to see this day, 
Whose bounties manifold we share, 
Our grateful homage we would pay ! 

The Benediction was then pronounced by the Rt. 
Rev. Henry A. Neely, d. d., and the exercises closed ; 
and the audience proceeded to Custom House wharf to 
take steamers for the excursion to the Islands. 

AN INTERESTING INCIDENT. 

Among the pleasant incidents of the centennial, was 
the meeting at the Falmouth House, of Hon. Hannibal 
Hamlin, Hon. Horatio King and Hon. Henry Carter, 
formerly editor of the Portland Advertiser, and all 
former residents of Portland. Fifty-six years ago the 
first two were publishers and the last an apprentice boy 
of the Jeffersonian. Mr. Hamlin was the only one 
then of age and he had but just attained his majority. 
The course of each has been conspicuous and honor- 
able. Mr. Hamlin attained the Vice-Presidency, Mr. 
King a cabinet position and Mr. Carter is still on the 
bench of the Court of Massachusetts. A son of Mr. 
King, Gen. Horatio C. King, who was a native of this 
city, late Judge Advocate General of New York, was 
an interested listener as these young-old men ex- 
changed reminiscences during several happy hours. 

THE CLAM BAKE. 
The clam bake at Long Island in the afternoon was 
a successful feature of the great celebration. A large 
number of people went to the island in the forenoon 



312 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

and when the steamer City of Richmond, which left 
Custom House wharf at the conclusion of the ex- 
ercises at City Hall, had landed her contingent, fully 
two thousand people were waiting for the clam bake in 
the broiling sun and fanned by a breeze which blew 
across the sixteen cords of burning wood in the beds, 
and seemed hotter than the sun. But when the bake 
was ready, at about three o'clock, all were satisfied and 
forgot how hot they were. Messrs. Littlefield and 
Mitchell had done a good job. The clams and lobsters 
were as good as could be desired and rapidly disap- 
peared before the onslaught of two thousand hungry 
people. Three hundred bushels of clams are a great 
deal, however, and when every one had finished there 
was a great quantity remaining. The tables occupying 
an acre of ground, give a good idea of the proportions 
of the bake. In addition to the tables in the open air, 
a large number of invited guests were served indoors. 

At about a quarter of five the City of Richmond 
took a great number on board and started on the home- 
ward trip. The steamer moved out and passing the 
back side of Peak's and Cushing's Islands, turned 
around Ram Island and entered the harbor by the ship 
channel. Chandler's band, stationed on the forward 
deck, gave a delightful concert, although the music was 
occasionally drowned by the deep whistle of the steamer 
responding to the salutes of passing vessels. The lines 
were made fast at Custom House wharf at just half-past 
five. 

Among those who attended the clam bake were 
Governor Robie and members of his staff, Mayor 
Chapman, Rev. Phillips Brooks, Hon J. R. Bodwell, Dr. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 313 

A. C. Hamlin, Rev. Elijah Kellogg, General Geo. L. 
Beale, Hon. Roscoe Bowers, Aldermen Beale, Ricker 
and Marks, Councilmen Gatley, H. P. Dewey, Trefethen, 
A. G. Dewey, Roberts, John P. Hobbs, Esq., president 
of the Common Council ; City Clerk Burgess, Hon. 
Charles McLaughlin, Geo. S. Hunt, H. H. Burgess, 
Col. H. S. Osgood, Rev. Dr. E. C. Bolles, of Salem, O. 
M. Lord, Rev. Mr. Hallock, Cyrus H. Farley, John E. 
Dow, Leander W. Fobes, Col. John M. Adams, H. W. 
Richardson, County Attorney Seiders, M. N. Rich, H. 
H. Emery, Col. E. B. Dow and others. 

EVENING EXERCISES AT CITY HALL. 

The reception by the Mayor and City Council at City 
Hall in the evening was well attended. 

From 7.30 to 8.30 o'clock Chandler's Band, stationed 
in the gallery to the left of the platform, discoursed 
sweet music. Then the Committee of Reception and 
the invited guests of the city took seats upon the plat, 
form, and the speaking began. Following is a complete 
list of those who were seated upon the platform: 

Mayor C. J. Chapman and wife. Hon. I. Allen Jack, St. John, N. B. 

Ex-Mayor Charles F. Libby. William G. Soule. 

Alderman Whitman Sawyer. Alderman Wm. M. Marks. 

John P. Hobbs, President of the Councilman C. N. Lang. 

Common Council. D. R. Jack, St. John, N. B. 

Ex-Mayor John W. Deering and Col. F. D. Pullen, Bangor. 

daughter. George S. Hunt. 

Ex-Mayor R. M. Richardson. Cyrus K. Babb, Boston. 

Ex-Mayor M. F. King. H. J. Libby. 

Hon. John J. Perry. George G. Rice, Bangor. 

Judge Henry Carter, Haverhill. Henry L. Gregg, Mayor of Hud* 
Major Chas. W. Stevens, Boston. son, N. Y. 



314 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



Benj. J. Dodge, President Sons 
of Maine, Worcester, Mass. 

Hon. Horatio King, Washing- 
ton, D. C. 

George L. Beale, Norway. 

Charles B. Rogers. 

Samuel L. Carleton. 

B. Williams, Mayor of Rockland. 

Gen. James A. Hall, Damaris- 
cotta. 

William D. Little. 

Gov. Frederick Robie. 

Dr. A. C. Hamlin, Bangor. 

Rev. H. P. Winter. 

W. G. Kimball. 

Geo. H. Shirley, Brooklyn. 

Augustus F. Gerrish. 

Oren Ring. 

Hon. T. W. Simonton, of the 
Camden Herald. 

J. J. W. Reeves, Cambridge. 

Rev. Dr. J. T. P. Ingraham, St. 
Louis. 

Rev. Asa Dalton. 

Rev. Joseph F. Elder, d. d., New 
York. 



Alderman George W. Beale. 
Rev. Elijah Kellogg. 
Councilman George Trefethen. 
Rev. Dr. E. C. Bolles, Salem. 
Rev. Dr. Phillips Brooks, Boston. 
Councilman Augustus B. Brown. 
Councilman Daniel F. Murphy. 
H. S. Trickev. 
Rt. Rev. H. A. Neely. 
Hon. Charles McLaughlin. 
George E. Hersey, Boston. 
Richard L. Robinson, Elizabeth. 

N.J. 
Hon. William Goold, Windham. 
Rev. J. R. Crosser. 
Mrs. Lucretia Baker, New York 

City. 
Councilman A. G. Dewey. 
Hon. O. D. Baker, Att'y General. 
George W. Merrill, Bangor. 
Col. H. S. Osgood and wife. 
Gen. Horatio C. King, New York. 
Rev. Hugh S. Carpenter, New 

York. 
Col. George E. Dole, Bangor. 
Col. W. A. R. Boothby. Waterville. 



Ex-Mayor Charles F. Libby presided, and the several 

speakers were by him introduced in his usual graceful 
manner. 

The first speaker of the evening was introduced to 
the audience by Mr. Libby in the following words, viz: 



Ladies and Gentlemen: — This centennial celebration of the 
organization of Portland as an independent municipal body has 
brought together many old friends and former citizens, who have 
been identified with the history of our city in the past. It has been 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 315 

thought that a few words from some of these earlier workers in the 
vineyard would form a pleasing feature of this closing meeting. 

My services tonight would almost seem surperfluous as it is hardly 
necessary to introduce old acquaintances, and the duty assigned me 
has this troublesome feature that it is accompanied with a limitation 
of time, which will not permit me to call up many from whom you 
would be glad to hear. 

We have with us tonight a gentleman who, for many years, was a 
citizen of Portland and had editorial charge of one of its leading 
newspapers. Although he has been away from us nearly thirty years 
he is still well and pleasantly remembered by many of our citizens. 
I have great pleasure in introducing to you, Hon. Henry Carter of 
Haverhill, Mass. 

hon. henry carter's remarks. 
Ladies and Gentlemen: 

In the words of a speaker last Sunday, I sympathize with you and 
hope you sympathize with me at this late stage of these proceedings, 
so successful and so brilliant up to this time, to be called upon to 
make a speech, when I am tempted to say so many things, at the 
same time my judgment tells me I must cut them short. Some 
months ago I read an extract from a speech by Senator Frye, in 
which, among other bright and sparkling things, he said they had a 
forest in Maine in which they could place the whole commonwealth 
of Massachusetts and they would need guides to find their way out. 
In reply, I would say that those of us who have resided in Maine, 
and especially those who have resided in Portland, need no guide to 
find our way back especially on such an occasion as this. My 
residence has been in another State for about thirty years. A 
portion of that time I was too busy to return but ever since I have 
been in the habit of coming here almost annually. 

My memory of Portland extends back to 1830, when the legis- 
lature sat here in two buildings occupying very nearly this site. I 
remember the famous campaign of 1840, and that wonderful speech 
of Gen. James Wilson in old Exchange Hall. I remember the 
campaign of forty-four when that wonderful orator, Sargent S. 
Prentiss, gave us a noble speech from the portico of Old City Kail 
to an audience packing the whole square and all windows within 



316 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

hearing. I shall never forget the metaphor he used on that 
occasion: "The opposition newspapers" said he, "are literally 
clothed with lies as with a garment ! They put them on as a 
Dutchman does his breeches, six or seven pairs at a time." Mr. W. 
P. Fessenden asked him the next morning where he got that dual 
metaphor and he said he never heard of it. Never thought of it 
until the moment, and then it came to him like a split bullet, one- 
half a little before the other. This was the way he conversed and it 
shows the wonderful inspiration that was over him at the time. 

During the ten years that I resided in Portland, it Avas warm 
political times. Parties were breaking up and discussions were warm 
and bitter. Editors of that day were identified with their paper. 
The editor could not hide behind the editorial "we." They were 
known and held responsible. Greeley, of the Tribune, Raymond, of 
the Times, Webb, of the Courier, Houghton and Schouler, of the 
Atlas, Green, of the Post, and here in this city were Holden and 
Kingsbury of the Argus, Poor, of the State of Maine, and Carter, of 
the Advertiser. The discussions were far more personal than at the 
present time, and, as Mr. Dow has said, I will express no opinion as 
to which is the better, but simply record the facts. But still it has 
given me great pleasure when I have returned here to meet not only 
my old political friends, but I have been delighted at the greeting by 
my old political opponents. But what gave me the most pleasure 
was to be called upon just before the election of Lincoln, to - 
and meet upon the same platform, identified with the same party, my 
old opponents — Holden and Kingsbury. That shows what wonder- 
ful changes come about in the political world as well as in other 
matters. 

One year when I was identified with the Portland Advertiser, I 
was also Judge of the Municipal Court and I think 1 had an expe- 
rience which no other judge ever had, and as it made an impression 
upon me and upon the community, I cannot refrain from alluding to 
it. In my office one day, 1 was notified that I was wanted at the 
court r ii where 1 went and found the room filled with the tem- 
perance men opposed to Neal Dow. There had been a petition for 
more law. It was said that judges and magistrates didn't issue 
warrants when they ought to, and they had obtained the passage of a 
law that whenever three voters made oath that a man had liquor 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 317 

with the intent to sell, a warrant for seizure should issue at once. 
There was no discretion left with the magistrate. I found my room 
lined with men opposed to Neal Dow and his execution of the law. 
I took my seat and a complaint was handed me and three men 
stepped up and made oath against Neal Dow for having liquor in his 
possession with intent to sell it illegally. It has always been said of 
Mr. Dow as of some other men that he would be a very clever man 
if he would let rum alone. I had no discretion in the matter. Mr. 
Dow had left me no discretion by the law, and he became the first 
victim. He was hoisted by his own petard. I think he was the only 
victim of that provision of the law. I had to make out the warrant 
and issue it ; but I didn't know about the constable and so delayed 
matters until I could send for Mr. Ring and put the matter into his 
hands. But I will not pursue the subject further as I shall get into 
the riot with which we are all familiar. I will close by simply 
expressing to you my great thanks for the opportunity of meeting 
and addressing you. I desire to congratulate the Mayor and the 
citizens of Portland on the great success of the celebration. I have 
always had the kindliest feelings for Portland. When your base-ball 
club comes to Haverhill I want them to beat as often as the Haver- 
hills do, or else they shall be draw games. (Applause). 

Mr. Libby then said: 

My early recollections of State Street church are associated with 
one who, during the early years of its history, ministered to its people 
with signal ability and success. His eloquent voice has often been 
heard in our midst, but much too seldom in these latter years. I am 
introducing to you an old friend when I present the Rev. Hugh S. 
Carpenter, of Brooklyn, N. Y. 

REV. HUGH S. CARPENTER'S REMARKS. 

I think you have had about enough oratory, enough poetry, enough 
marching, and some of you, probably, enough clams. [Laughter.] I 
think Portland has been well praised, perhaps too much, for when 
they proceed to lather a man to his face I always think they are 
going to shave him. [Laughter.] It does seem sometimes as if the 
extravagant affection of the children of this blessed mother was a 



318 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

little troublesome and teasing. A mother is very fond of having her 
children tell her how much they love her, but I think perhaps today 
she has said : " Well, I know it ; don't come hanging over me, for 
I am so hot." [Laughter.] 

It is true that those of us who come back after an interval can 
best appreciate the rapid strides and extensive improvements of a 
town like this. I see great growth in its outskirts and great beauty 
in its houses as I never saw before, and both promenades are now 
worthy of the highest praise. I see changes not only on the face of 
nature, but in individual development. I see great progress made 
in our representative in Congress as I noticed him this morning and 
heard his eloquence, for when I knew him here he was a lad and 
very slender. [Applause.] And he was, if I remember, somewhat 
freckled, but they do say that freckles in youth make very fair per- 
sonality in later life, and I hope you have found out that he is 
making a fair representative for you. [Applause.] At the same 
time he has become so broad in his statesmanship and so stout in 
patriotism that if bye and bye you shall send him to the Senate he 
musl take the place of the big man of the Senate who has just 
passed away. [Great applause.] At all events I congratulate you 
upon your prospects in this city as a part of the prospects of this land. 
Maine, I believe, has never yet elected a President of the United 
States, but perhaps she may some day. [Applause.] Portland has its 
own native charms and its great culture, and we cannot help believing 
that it is destined to be a leading power, fully realizing the motto of 
the State, "Dirigo" — I direct. Who can stand on these eminences, 
who can stand by the brow of these continents here uplifted and 
look down the slope of its whole extent to where its fed are laved in 
the South Pacific, of its unity in variety and the symmetry of its 
development? Pye and bye there will be but one country on this 
continent ; bye and bye, it is clear to our eyes that little flaxen-haired 
Canada as the head will take its rich, curling locks, and then the 
broad chest of the interior, the Middle States, will be further 
developed both in intelligence and athletic strength; and then the 
arms east and west that stretch out will become brawny and 
vigorous; and then the hot central life of the interior further south 
will come in as the extremities, until this whole continent as one 






CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 319 

shall stand in its manhood, in its sense of right recognizing the God 
who made it and the people who constitute it. Then will it turn in 
its manhood to that old world where new life is breeding, where they 
are studying house-keeping and home rule. Then will there be 
wooing and soon will there be actual betrothal and espousal. Then 
time will put its golden ring around the world and make one country, 
in which there is one God, one liberty, one manhood, a cosmopoly, 
at which time it shall be said, " what hath God wrought and what 
God hath joined together let not man put asunder." 

Who can stand in the midst of this loveliness, can watch the 
progress of the community, who can behold it and not believe that 
there is a perfect world somewhere. There shall come a day, 
there must come a day when the earth shall be emancipated, for in 
these few years if these feeble and partial powers, with all the draw- 
backs and all the hinderances which we have here in the terrestrial 
state, we still go forward, are our fathers, who began it, never to see 
it in its crystal clearness? I think man's progress is the proof of 
man's immortallity ? I insist upon it that the progress of nations in 
the evolution of communities shows that there is to be a world 
without death, a time without crime, a race without corruption and a 
glory without shame. Let that be the theme of your expectation, 
and let your gratitude to Him who is above us all go as far as the 
heavens while it glistens on the earth. [Applause.] 

Mr. Libby then introduced the next speaker, as 
follows: 

I begin to feel as if I must be getting along in years myself, for 
this centennial anniversary brings home faces which were known to 
me in my school days of more than thirty years ago. We have with 
us to-night a distinguished divine, who was born in our midst, and 
whom I first remember as a member of the Portland High School, of 
the class of 1856. As one of the youngest pupils in the school, I 
then looked up to him with great respect, a feeling which still 
remains unchanged. 

I have great pleasure in presenting to you Rev. Joseph F. Elder, 
of New York City. 



320 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

rev. joseph f. elder's remarks. 
Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : 

My foot is on my native heath tonight. I can narrow down that 
hymn which has been written for the country at large and apply it all 
to my own State, and say : 

" I love thy rocks and rills, 
Thy woods and templed hills; 
My heart with rapture thrills, 
Like that above." 

I love this old town, and in heat and cold I am ready to press 
forward among the sons and daughters and lay my tribute of praise, 
my chaplet of affection in her lap. My interest in this town and in 
this occasion is very largely as a schoolboy, rather than a citizen. I 
never cast a vote in this city. When I left the High School, I went 
to college and have been hardly more than a visitor to this city for 
the last thirty years; but I have been here every year since, with 
one or two exceptions, and always with the most affectionate regard 
for the old home. 

My schoolboy recollections date back something like forty years, 
when I was a little shaver going to school on the corner of Danforth 
and Tyng streets, in a little, old wooden house that might have been 
taken for a section of a rope walk, but which has been replaced by 
one of the more pretentious residences of that locality. I recollect 
of attending the Park street grammar school under Master Jackson, 
over whose remains in the Western Cemetery is the granite monu- 
ment. I have not a very clear recollection of the old man's face, 
but he wrote my name in one of my text books which I have 
scrupulously kept since. They used to teach us to write in those 
days. I can see him now very distinctly, going around with a bundle 
of quills under his arm, sharpening a quill, while once in a while he 
would take a boy by the ear and vigorously snap his head. The 
door was locked until after morning prayers and then we late ones 
were let in. I use "we" in the editorial sense, but going in on a 
stinging cold morning and getting the ferrule applied to your hand 
was something to be remembered. 

But what shall I say of the old school house upon Spring street, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 321 

standing yet, although turned into a school of lower grade. Then 
the entrance was in the front. I went to that school just after 
Master Libby had ceased his labors. In the interregnum between 
Master Libby and Master Lyford, the school was taught by William 
Law Symonds, to whom allusion was made this morning and whose 
untimely death was a matter of public regret. There was the old 
desk, long since disappeared, and the old bulkhead, sometimes half 
open, down by which we used to crouch, and when hidden from the 
teacher's eye, we would slip up to the corner of High street and 
play marbles. But that all disappeared and with the coming of 
Master Lyford there was a new era. I am not very familiar with the 
subsequent history of the Portland High School, but I would not be 
afraid to challenge comparison of the six years of Master Lyford in 
the school with all the years that followed. When he left it was a 
model school, and I am glad here to-night to lay my tribute of praise 
at his feet. 

As your chairman stated, I belonged to the class of '56, which has 
been highly honored on the platform today, for both your orator and 
poet came from that class. The class was small. Tom Reed, Joe 
Symonds and I and one or two others used to get together and roll 
out the raggedest kind of Greek roots to one another. After a time 
we were ambitious to have an original Greek dialogue. Tom Reed 
was Jupiter, Joe Symonds was Neptune, Al Cross was Rhadamanthus 
and I was Pluto. I think so far as Tom Reed was concerned, it was 
a kind of unconscious prophecy, for he has taken his place among 
the Olympian gods, a worthy Jupiter, as you saw today. I can. 
scarcely see the connection between Joe Symonds and Neptune, but 
if we had put him in as Rhadamanthus, the Judge that knew all 
things, the prophecy would be complete. 

I think too little has been said in regard to the public schools of 
Portland. If I was to speak at length tonight it would be for these 
schools — what they are doing for the young men and women of this 
city. In supporting such a High School as you have in this city, 
you are doing a great and glorious work, by giving the young men 
and women an opportunity for a large and broad education, without 
which, a great many boys fall into the purely mechanical occupations*. 
I am not saying anything against them, but they take up with the 
ordinary forms of life work because they don't know any other and 
21 



322 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

have no ambition for any other. Keep a boy or girl at their books 
until the mind and intelligence is awakened and ambition is 
quickened, until they see what they are made for, and they will in 
the end, most likely, turn to it as the needle turns to the pole. The 
boy is a good deal like the carrier pigeon ; when you let him loose, 
his circles grow wider and wider, until he perceives the way to his 
destination. Let the boy's mind widen and widen and bye and bye 
he sees what God intended him for, and he will go for it with a 
purpose that will give directness and success to his aim. 

I wish the subject of education might receive a fresh impetus. It 
is a saddening thought, though a trite one, that there is not one of 
us in this room that will be present a hundred years hence. The 
orator for the next centennial is not to be born for fifty years to 
come but you can begin to mould your orator and poet for that 
occasion. 

I was sitting on the piazza in the country the other evening and 
within sight, three or four miles out, the New York boat passed. A 
little later I heard the regular wash of the surf upon the beach below 
the house. It was the swash of the steamer that had long since 
passed out of sight; the momentum it had communicated the water 
of the quiet bay was making itself felt on the shore. You can make 
the impulse to the inlluences that are to shape and mould the forces 
which shall be gathered up for your pride and boast a hundred years 
to come. The law of heredity and natural selection is working for 
the men and women who are to take the leading places in this com- 
munity when another century shall roll around. 

Take the boy today who gives little promise of any future great- 
ness, who seems to be hardly worth educating, and instead of putting 
him into a store or teaching him a trade, be patient ami give him an 
education, and his son will have more ability; and his children's 
children will have a degree of intelligence that will fit them to 
become the progenitors of those who are greater and mightier than 
their fathers, lie may become the progenitor of the patriot upon 
whom the country will lean in the hour of peril. 

All we can do is to do our best for the generation we are serving 
now. Put into it whatever God has given us of strength, knowledge, 
intelligence and wisdom, ami leave the result with Him ami it will be 
found as the century rolls round that the seed and germs of what 
will be your pride in that hour were planted, perchance, today. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 323 

Mr. Libby's introduction of the next speaker was as 
follows: 

The name of King is identified with the history of our city, and 
has been an honored name in our State and Nation. 

I take great pleasure in presenting to you a distinguished repre- 
sentative of this family once a resident of this city, who has been 
identified with our national government, Hon. Horatio King, ex-Post- 
master General, of Washington, D. C. 

hon. horatio king's remarks. 

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : 

Allow me to say that I came to this city from my native town of 
Paris, bringing my printing establishment of the Jeffersonian in 
May, 1833 ; and I continued the publication of my paper here until 
January, 1838, when I sold out to the proprietors of the Standard, 
then edited by Mr. John F. Hartley, afterwards, for many years, an 
efficient officer of the treasury department at Washington. 

A day or two ago I sat down to recall the names of the citizens 
best known to me during that period, and it was startling to see how 
many of them had passed to the Silent Land. I ran off a list of 
them, and here it is — over fifty — starting with the names of William 
Pitt Preble and Ashur Ware, who I may truly say were my foster- 
fathers, for each was to me emphatically "guide, philosopher and 
friend." Hardly less near to me were Nathaniel Mitchell and John 
L. Megquier. I shall not detain you by reading the list. Alas ! 
Only here and there among the living can I see or hear of but a very 
few others whom I may claim as old acquaintances : Win, Pitt Preble, 
Ashur Ware, J. L. Megquier, Nathaniel Mitchell, Zenas Libby, John 
Anderson, Gen. Fessenden, William Pitt Fessenden, Thos. A. Deblois, 
R. A. L. Codman, Drs. Mighels, Clark and Gilman, Wm. H. Codman, 
Seba Smith, Samuel Coleman, Ezra Holden, Charles B. Smith, 
Thomas Todd, F. O. J. Smith, Charles Q. Clapp, John Appleton, 
Nicholas Emery, Charles Holden, John Neal, St. John Smith, J. B. 
Brown, S. B. Beckett, Eben Steele, Abner Lowell, John Yeaton, 
David Drinkwater, H. H. Boody, Luther Jewett, Nathaniel Jewett, 
Revs. Dr. Nichols and Jason Whitman, Wm. Goodenow, Nathan 



324 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Winslow, James Furbush, Albert Smith, A. H. Putney, H. J. Little, 
Wm, E. Edwards, Charles Codman, Arthur Shirley, James Brooks, 
Judge Potter, Gen. John Chandler, Stephen Longfellow ; over fifty 
familiar names of those among whom I was best acquainted, all 
gone. 

In my finely illustrated card of invitation, observing that special 
care had been taken to signalize the great stride made in the post 
office and mail facilities here within the last century, I took it as a 
hint to me, should I be called on to say a few words on the subject, 
since twenty-two years — from March, 1839, to March, 1861 — of the 
best part of my life have been devoted to the service of the post 
office, saying nothing of the interest I have ever since taken in its 
progress and improvement. I do not know whether the humble one- 
story building in the distance is intended to represent the post office 
of 1786 or not, but the mail carrier is evidently making his roundabout 
way thither, or possibly to some nearer, no more pretentious house to 
deliver the mail; and no one can mistake his occupation nor fail to 
mark the great difference between such a building and your present 
substantial post office. Could I have availed myself of records I 
have at home, I might have been able to present some interesting 
facts touching the post office more than I do now. It is of record 
that, as early as 17 11, the mail was carried weekly between Boston 
and Maine, and it is probable that the service was made by horse- 
back then and for many years afterwards, as it appears that an act 
was passed on the 7th of September, 1785, authorizing the mail to 
be carried in stage coaches. I am not prepared to say how often 
the mail was carried to and from Falmouth in 1786. Doubtless this 
information may be found in Willis' history of Portland. 

I have obtained from the Post Office Department, the following 
official record in regard to the post office at Falmouth, Casco Bay, 
showing that Samuel Freeman was charged with balance due the 
department — 

For quarter ending Jan. 5, 1776, 

Receipts same quarter, 

For quarter ending April 5, 1776 — Receipts, 

Balance due, 

For quarter ending July 5, 1776 — Receipts, 

Balance due, 

For quarter ending April 5, 17S2 — Balance due, 



£y 


1 [S 


2d 


2 


2 


S 1-2 


3 


8 


2 


2 


14 


6 1-2 


2 


[0 


7 3-4 


2 





6 1-4 


2 


7 


2 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



325 



In the fourth quarter of 1789, he (Freeman) is credited with paying 
Richard Kimball, £6, 9s. 3d., in full for carrying the mail to Oct. 1, 
17S9, but from what date it is not stated. 

The name of the office first appears as "Portland" in the 
appointment of Postmaster, Feb. 16th, 1790, as follows: 

POST OFFICE AT PORTLAND, CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE. 



Postmasters. 
Samuel Freeman, 
Thomas M. Prentiss, 
Joshua Wingate, jr., 
James Wingate, 
Robert Ilsley, 
Nathaniel Low, 
Nathaniel Mitchell, 
Thomas Todd, 
Nathaniel Mitchell, 
Sylvanus R. Lyman, 



Date of 

Appointment. 
16 Feb., 1790. 

1 July, 1804. 
20 Feb., 1805. 

9 Aug., 1805. 

1 June, 1815. 

3 Dec, 1828. 
9 April, 1829. 
8 Dec, 1834. 

4 Sept., 1S40. 
4 May, 1 841. 



Date of 

Postmasters. Appointment. 

Nathan L. Woodbury, 2 April, 1845. 



Joshua Dunn, 
Nathan L. Woodbury, 
Samuel Jordan, 
Andrew T. Dole, 
Woodbury Davis, 
Chas. W. Goddard, 
Clark H. Barker, 
Joshua S. Palmer, 



5 May, 1849. 

1 April, 1853. 
1 April, 1857. 
8 April, 1861. 
19 Dec, 1865. 
7 Oct., 1S71. 

6 Feb., 1884. 
6 July, 1SS5. 



The President then introduced the next speaker in 
the foil owing- words: 

o 

There is another in the line of gifted men who have ministered to 
the spiritual and intellectual wants of our city, who is too well known 
to need an introduction at my hands. I know you will be glad to 
hear from the Rev. Edwin C. Bolles of Salem, Mass. 

Mr. Bolles responded in a few brief remarks. He 

said: 

I saw Portland during the exciting scenes of the war. I have 
been a partaker of its revival and restored fortunes. I owe much to 
this city. It was in it that I made my first trial and experience in 
my profession, and it was here I got my wife. I bid you farewell, 
assuring you that your interests are always mine and dearest to my 
heart. 

Mr. Libby then introduced to the audience a dis- 
tinguished divine residing in Boston, in the following 
remarks : 

It is with great pleasure that I am able to present to you tonight 



OZO CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

one who by his ancestry is closely connected with our city, whose 
grandfather was one of our first selectmen, and whose father was 
born and bred upon our soil. We should have been glad to claim 
the son as "to the manor born/' but while this is not the case we 
still have a claim upon his regard through the local ties which bind 
us all to the spot where our kindred are buried. I present to you 
Rev. Phillips Brooks, of Boston, Mass. 

Mr. Brooks spoke for about five minutes with that 
rapid and burning- eloquence for which he is so noted. 

He said that in passing through the streets today, he had seen 
upon the walls of many of the houses that Portland welcomed her 
sons and daughters, and knowing himself to be neither one nor the 
other, he wondered if he had any business here. He said he was a 
grandson of Portland, for she was a mother to his father. He said 
the life of individuals is measured by decades, the life of cities by 
centuries and of nations by longer periods. A hundred years in the 
life of a city is but the beginning. Portland is but a young stripling 
and she is to be congratulated today, not simply for what she has 
done but because it gives great promise for the future. Mr. Brooks 
paid a fine compliment to the oration of Mr. Reed in the forenoon. 

Mr. Libby then said: 

We are honored tonight by the presence of a representative from 
the city of St. John. He comes here not merely as the representa- 
tive of a city with which we have intimate commercial and friendly 
relations, but as a descendant of one of the early merchants of 
Falmouth, whose name is still borne by many of our citizens. I 
take great pleasure in introducing to you, the Honorable Isaac Allen 
Jack, Registrar and Deputy Mayor of the city of St. John. 

Mr. Jack's remarks were brief. 

He related how his ancestor, Thomas Wyer, who was a 
Royalist, left Falmouth in a schooner and sailed to the province 
of New Brunswick, and took up his residence at St. Andrews. 
The speaker said, just before he came away he received a letter 
from the daughter of Thomas Wyer, a lady now past eighty 
3 of age, in which she expressed her regret at inability 






CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 327 

to attend Portland's centennial celebration. Toward the close of his 
remarks the speaker alluded to the fishery matters and said he was 
satisfied that so far as his fellow-citizens were concerned, they desire 
the closest commercial relations with Maine and the other New 
England States. 

Gen. King, of New York, was the next speaker and 

was introduced by Mr. Libby as follows: 

We have with us tonight a representative of a younger generation 
of the King family, who early left his native State to win distinction 
elsewhere. As a valiant soldier during the war of the rebellion, he 
maintained the honor of our State, and has won fresh laurels in 
civil life in the Empire State where he resides. I take pleasure in 
presenting to you Gen. Horatio C. King, of New York. 

REMARKS OF GEN. HORATIO C. KING, OF NEW YORK. 

I esteem it, Mr. Chairman and fellow-citizens of Portland, a very 
high honor and privilege to be present as a guest of this beautiful 
city and to be invited to assist in the celebration of its centennial 
anniversary. It was my good fortune to be born here a little less 
than half a century ago, and it was not my fault that, at a very early 
age, when I was too young to resist, I was carried an infant in arms 
by my parents to Washington City. But for this intrusion upon my 
liberty of action, I might have remained to this day a citizen of the 
city of my nativity. It is a peculiar pleasure for me to address you 
from the same platform with my honored father, to whom the 
adjective venerable does not apply. He belongs to the young-old 
men upon Whom age sits lightly, and who wears with grace and 
happiness, the honors of a very active, useful, well-spent life. 
Although I have not been continuously with you, my frequent visits 
here have given me full opportunity to enjoy the generous hospitality 
which is characteristic of your people. I cannot, as have some who 
have already spoken, entertain you with personal reminiscences, 
unless it be the recollection of my boyhood vacations here, when 
corn-husking, quilting bees and kissing parties made the time pass 
merrily. 

I am told that these wholesome frolics have, to a very great extent, 
gone out of fashion. If this is so, it may account in some degree 



328 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

for the emigration to the West and other sections of our land of so 
many of your young men. I have met them in all parts of the 
country, but wherever found they bear with them sweet recollections 
of their native State, and do it honor in every walk of life. 

In the second year of the war it fell to me to receive several of 
the Maine regiments and to be associated with them in the grand 
and successful struggle for our second independence. And no better 
regiments or braver men ever did battle for the right. They stood 
gallantly where 

" Shriek of shot and scream of shell 
And bellowing of the mortar" 

made hideous pandemonium. And when the grand victory was won, 
the decimated ranks returned home with their banners torn and 
tattered, but unsullied. 

There are others to follow me. and as the great heat and the 
speeches of those who have preceded me seem to have had a moving 
effect upon the audience, I will give way, lest none be left to listen. 
I thank you for this cordial reception, and shall always recall with 
unqualified pleasure the enjoyment of this magnificent celebration. 

The closing speaker was introduced by Mr. Libby in 
the following words : 

Many of our Portland boys have been led in early manhood to 
leave their home in search of larger fields of usefulness. 

Wherever they have gone they have made an honorable name for 
themselves, and always retain. I find, a love for their early home. 
The good old Commonwealth of Massachusetts has many of our 
sons within her borders who have honored her, and whom she has 
seen fit to honor. 

Allow me to present to you a Portland boy of a generation ago. 
Major Charles W. Stevens of Boston. 

MAJOR STEVENS' \l>l>i 

Mr. Chairman ani> ( it \ i u men of the Centennial Commi i i 

I feel profoundly sensible of the honor conferred upon me by 
inviting me to address this audience upon such an interesting and 
historic occasion. 






CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 329 

It is very natural, sir, that, leaving my home a youth, or at least 
youthful, I should feel some hesitancy in addressing those, some of 
whom I see before me, who were at that time, I will not say how 
many years ago, "most potent, grave and reverend seignors." 

There are at least, three important things to be considered in 
addressing an assemblage like this ; how to begin, what to say and 
when to leave off. 

After accepting your polite invitation to speak this evening, 
naturally I began to think what I could say that would claim atten- 
tion when so many eloquent words would already have been spoken. 
Being in a writing mood a few evenings since, I sought the quiet of 
my library and began like this : 

"Not many generations ago, where you now sit encircled by all 
that exalts and embellishes civilized life, the rank thistle nodded in 
the wind and the wild fox dug his hole unscared; here lived and 
loved another race of beings ; beneath the same sun that rolls over 
your head, the Indian hunter pursued the panting deer ; gazing on 
the same moon that smiles for you, the Indian lover wooed his dusky 
mate." 

Suddenly it was "bourne in upon me" that this sounded rather 
familiar, and looking about me I found it was a selection I used to 
declaim in my youth from a Fourth of July oration delivered by 
Charles Sprague, the banker-poet of my adopted city, so I got clown 
from that high horse pretty lively. While musing a few evenings 
after, like the immortal Silas Wegg, I dropped into poetry and, with 
early associations thronging my brain, commenced in this way: 

Born 'neath the shadow of those elms that wave 

Aloft their branches o'er the roof that gave 

Our sweetest poet rest, your timid muse 

Fearing to sing, unwilling to refuse 

Such pleasing talk, craves that her pen to guide 

From Deering's woods to Casco's flowing tide, 

Memories of him her thoughts may countless throng 

Who cheered and charmed and blessed the world with song. 

This seemed to be a very good start; and then there was to be 
scraps of your early history, pastoral scenes, with the murmur of 
brooks and the lowing of cattle; then the drums were to beat and 
the trumpets sound, with the echoing of guns from yonder bay ; then 



330 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

a dirge for the two brave commanders that sleep side by side at the 
foot of " Munjoy." Again the call to arms, the fluttering of the lings, 
the departure of your youth and manhood to fight the battles of 
our country, and how, 

From homes whose sires of Washington yet spoke, 
From cabins where the emigrants just woke 
From dreams of freedom he had come to share, 
From wayside cottage and from homes most fair, 
From trade's proud mart, from students' classic hall 
They came exultant to their country's call, 
In swelling phalanx and with mighty throes 
To stand between the Union and its foes. 

And then the cry of fire, that ever thrilling cry; the lapping up by 
the devouring element of old landmarks, homesteads and marts of 
trade, the destruction of your avenues of beautiful elms that had 
long been my father's pride and mine. 

Now you see what a poem could be made out of all this. How 
sublime! What great room for the rising and the swelling, the ring- 
ing and the swinging, the pathos and the imagination. Well, I spent 
some time over this, got it all mapped out, when it occurred to me 
that I was not to be your poet at all, that there would be another to 
sing all this and more, and the name of a gentle lady who was to be 
your poetess, was whispered in my ears, and today we have listened 
to her sweet song, and so I " hung my harp upon the willow," and 
was all at sea again without chart or compass, for well I knew that 
before my time to speak to you were come, your history would be told, 
your deeds of worth proclaimed, and your famous men and women 
eulogized, and what would there be left for me to say ? Nothing ! 
Absolutely nothing! Hold ! I said, there are away back in the past, 
ever fresh in our boyhood memories, characters, well-known ones too, 
many of them in a way dear to our youth, that will scarcely be 
thought of ; and why not for a moment bring them before you, as 
many <>f us knew them nearly fifty years ago when they furnished 
innocent amusement t<> the school-boys of " eighteen forty " ? And 
should the shades of the departed still be hovering over the scenes 
of their earthly existence, may no words of mine cause them to feel 
that unhappiness which often they suffered while in the flesh, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 331 

Among these familiar faces, courtesy would require me to speak 
first of the gentler sex — and they were fewer than those of the 
masculine gender. At the head and front of these few was that 
well-known and active maiden, " Coot " Moody, of Scarboro, who 
would insist that her name was not " Coot," but Emma. 

Mann Larrabee, with her wagon of blueberries direct from 
" Baldwin Lighthouse," also had occasion to pour out her vials of 
wrath upon our devoted heads, for some of the bad boys would 
abstract her blueberries on the sly. They did say that the old lady 
would take her " tipple," but Sarey Gamp says, "that's all right if 
you only takes it regular and draws it mild." 

Of the " hard handed " men of the times, looms up he whom the 
painter's art has immortalized, Stephen Cash, professional clamist. 
We could not have the heart at this late day to call Stephen a 
" clam digger," our respect and veneration for him is too great. In 
those days it was Mr. Cash, or Stephen Cash, seldom, if ever 
" Steve." Regularly in the season was that one-wheeled carriage, 
well filled with the juicy bivalves, found doing its duty propelled by 
the willing arms of Stephen. It was our artist Cole who painted 
his picture, wheel and clams and all. 

There was another Stephen, Stephen Chase, who sold lobsters on 
the corner by the Cumberland House, near the old City Hall. Do 
you not remember his prettily painted wheelbarrow filled with the 
scarlet beauties ? A symphony in green and red. 

And speaking of barrows reminds me of that row of hand carts at 
the foot of Exchange street and their worthy proprietors, among 
whom Billy McNaught and Peter Jerris were especial favorites. 

Perhaps no one appeared and disappeared more suddenly in our 
streets or created more amusement than the kind-hearted, innocent, 
crazed General Warren. Don't you old boys all remember him, with 
his military equipments, his cocked hat and his cane with a red 
ribbon tied to it which he called his sword ? Well do I remember 
at the launching of the propeller Gen'l Warren, that was a very long 
time ago, of his standing proudly in the bow, waving his hat as she 
slipped from the stocks, fully believing that she was named for him. 
Poor, kind-hearted old man, we never could abuse you and we never 
did. 

But there was a man and he had a pair of steers, and he would get 



332 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

terribly drunk, and how he would worry those poor steers. I can see 
the little things now with their mournful faces and beseeching eyes, 
as if it were but yesterday, and long, lank Laricum Libby, with his 
longer goadstick, bending over them, hopelessly drunk. Mow he 
would swear and try to catch us when we goaded him, but he never 
did, no, nor did John Trip, "old Trip" or more familiarly "Trip-a- 
dee-dee." 

From the bad to the good, and honest Daddy Buxton, with his 
genial countenance and maimed form, comes back to our gaze. Yes, 
many teased pennies found their way into Daddy's coffers in 
exchange for goodies, and goodies brings to mind Marm Hamilton 
and her famous molasses candy, those long, slender, golden sticks, so 
fresh and sweet. You well remember the bright green box on the 
counter where it was kept, and the little sign, L. S. Hamilton, just 
above Hannah Watts' shop on Exchange street. 

Of the colored population, we had two famous ones. Aleck 
Stephenson, as we called him, "old Aleck," the prince of hack- 
drivers and good fellows, who faithfully served many generations, 
and his white hat, drab coat and those gray horses will long linger in 
our memory. Billy Button was another sable hero with as jolly a 
as the sun ever shone upon and a heart as warm as ever beat 
under a fairer skin. 

But time would fail me to tell of Gideon Foster, Johnny Larrabee, 
Tristram Prince and others who purchased our fourth of July junk 
and paid for it with some cash, but more goods; and when the 
glorious day at last had dawned and Tommy Hall, the chimney 
sweep, and others had spread their tents on "Nigger Hill" with 
their wealth of candy, gingerbread and buns, and yes, when we 
heard Tommy cry, "sold the candy, got the money," we well knew by 
the growing lightness of our pockets where the money came from, 
and we washed down our sorrow at its departure with a glass •>! 
"Royal pop or small beer, made by James Hindle and for sale here." 
But they are gone. " After life's fitful fever they sleep well." Green 
be their memories. They tilled the places allotted to them, in some 
cases well, in others ill. And if, in bringing them back once more to 
the remembrance <>f many of their old acquaintances, I have renewed 
schoolboy associations, it is enough. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 333 

During the evening, the President, ex-Mayor Libby, 
read a telegram from the city government of Rockland 
complimenting Portland upon the brilliant success of 
her centennial celebration, and thanking the city for its 
courtesies shown its representative, Mayor Williams. 

The meeting closed shortly after ten o'clock. 

POEMS. 

The following poems were written for the centennial 
celebration on the invitation of the committee; one by 
a son of Portland, distinguished in the literary world, 
who, in his ripe old age with vigor unimpaired, resides 
in the Empire State; and also by one of Portland's 
daughters, whose genius is recognized all over the land, 
and has before been shown in prose and poem — and 
whose interest in our city has never been abated. 
There was not time in any of the exercises to read 
their productions, and they are therefore printed as the 
close of the literary exercises of the last day of the 
celebration. 

Ode written for the Centennial Anniversary of the Incorpo- 
ration of Portland, on July 4TH, 1886. 

BY ISAAC M'LELLAN, GREENPORT, LONG ISLAND. 

E'en as a mother calls her wandering troop 
Of children homeward — a beloved group ; 
Recalls their roving steps, where'eer they be, 
From foreign shore and the remotest sea, 
From stately homes, from city or from plain 
Where endless prairies brighten with the grain, 
From Indian isles, or European homes, 
Grand with palatial halls and princely domes ; 
Her loving heart, quick-throbbing to caress, 



334 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

And to her breast each darling child to press ; 

Inviting each to enter at the door, 

And 'neath the natal roof to rest once more, 

To pluck the fruit that in the garden grew, 

To view fair scenes that blooming childhood knew, 

To tread the well-known street that seem'd so fair, 

(Now grown to stately avenue and square) 

To view the ancient wharf, and piers and slips, 

Where once they fished — now throng'd with splendid ships, 

To view the spot, thick-shaded in a wood, 

Where seventy years ago the school-house stood : 

To muse where once a humble chapel rose, 

(Where now a sumptuous church its dome upthrows; 

To pace the turf with reverential tread, 

Where sleep in dust the loved ancestral dead. 

Yes, come dear rovers scatter'd wide o'er earth, 

Come to your natal place, — your place of birth, 

Look once again upon that beauteous town, 

" By the sea seated," now a city grown ; 

Gaze on each bowery street, the noble squares, 

Its avenues, its crowded thoroughfares, 

Look on the ocean ships by wharf and pier, 

Known o'er broad seas in each proud hemisphere ; 

See noble cupola and sacred spire 

Bright with each dawning and each sunset fire, 

Then view the mossy roof to memory dear 

Where sire and mother watch'd life's opening year! 

Faint I recall in memory's magic scene, 

Our childhood sports, our gambols o'er the green, 

When lingering feet to the old school-house came, 

To con the task, obedient to our dame ; 

When forth to Deering's woods our steps would rove 

To gather wild flowers in the shady grove, 

To climb the hill where high the lighthouse rose 

And in the wind-swept grass seek sweet repose ; 

( )r seek the sandy beach, the pebbled shore 

To bathe, — to angle, or for shells explore, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 335 

That joyous group, so full of childish cheer, 
Hath vanish'd from the earth, this many a year, 
Scarce one remains to greet me in the street, 
Strange faces only in those walks I meet. 

In later years that group I met again 

In Bovvdoin halls' and on her classic plain, 

Those children, older grown, were yet the same, 

Blithe, bright and happy, emulous for fame ; 

Kinsman and Preble, Greenleaf, Southgate, Boyd, 

In studious labor, ever well employ'd ; 

And chief of all, dear Longfellow, my friend, 

In school, in college, faithful to the end, 

And now he rests in Auburn's sacred shade 

Afar from Portland homes, in slumber laid. 

Come then, dear wanderers, from far and near, 
Come, — there is welcome for our native's here, 
Come, — clasp each hand, and join the great parade 
The long procession, the grand cavalcade. 

Note by the Editor. — Isaac McLellan, the contributor of the above poem, 
was born in Portland in 1806. He is a descendant of the McLellan's of Gorham, 
Me. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1826. Among his classmates were 
Hon. Samuel S. Boyd, Wm. Tyng Hilliard, Joseph \V. Leland, Sargent S. 
Prentiss, James S. Rowe, John B. Russwurm, and others. After he graduated he 
studied law, opened an office in Boston and practiced his profession a few years ; 
was associate editor of the Daily Patriot, and was a contributor in poetry and prose 
to various magazines. At different dates he wrote the "Fallot the Indian, and 
Other Poems," "The Year, and Other Poems," "Miscellaneous Poems," "Journal 
of a Residence in Scotland, and a Tour Through England and France," compiled 
from manuscripts of H. B. McLellan. His productions were favorably noticed in 
Griswold's " Poets of America," and in Blackwood's Magazine. He made a two 
years' tour in Europe, and on his return renounced his profession and withdrew to 
the country. Devoted as ever to field sports, he wrote on subjects which they sug- 
gested. This taste especially made him familiar with resorts on the Massachusetts 
coast, and brought him in intercourse with lovers of the sport, and especially with 
Daniel Webster, where at his summer retreat at Marshfield, he passed two seasons. 
He removed to New York, exercising his inveterate passion in its neighborhood, 
passing a part of the season for several years on the Virginia and North Carolina 
coasts. Of late years he has resided at Greenport, L. I. His last literary work is 
a volume published this year, entitled " Poems of the Rod and Gun, or Sports by 
Flood and Field." See letter from him, post. 



336 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

TO PORTLAND. 

BY MRS. ELIZABETH OAKES SMITH. 

Oh! City of my heart! in dreams, 

Sweet dreams, I see thee as of yore, 

And catch the light's first early beams 

Glint over White Head's roar; 

Old Ocean's Daughter ! beam with smiles, 

And wear thy royal crest, 

Three hundred sixty-five green isles 

Sleep on old Casco's breast. 

And each is fair and bright to see, 
With tuft of breezy pine, 
Where I have often longed to be 
In these long years of mine : 
Accept, fair daughter of the sea, 
A simple, loving rhyme, 
For thou hast always been to me 
A tender, solemn chime. 

Such as the mariner has heard 

Far out upon the sea, 

Where bell of church, or song of bird 

Could never hope to be. 

But village bell and song of bird, 

Had furnished memory's cell, 

With many a whispered sound and word 

Remembered over-well. 

We make our home in other lands, 

We learn to be content ; 

But all our Portland hearts and hands, 

When severed, felt the rent ; 

And forth we go — as eagles go, 

The mother nest up-torn ; 

Doth not the wise old mother know, 

Her eaglets would be shorne. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Of power the mid-day sun to face, 

Or battle with the storm, 

If their too tender nesting place, 

Too long, is tight and warm ? 

And so she tears the nest away, 

And they perforce must fly 

To breast the whirlwind in its play, 

The lightning thwart the sky. 

And thus thy children forth from thee, 
With many an aching heart, 
Scarce hoped a greater thing to be 
From this too bitter art ; 
Unwillingly they took the oar, 
Unwillingly the brunt, 
To leave pale footsteps on a shore, 
For shipwreck'd men to hunt. 

But, who that breathes the mountain air, 
Or sniffs the salt sea breeze, 
Has ever yielded to despair ! 
The grand aroma of pine trees 
Enfilters blood and brain ; 
The granite of the ancient hills 
Works in the every vein, 
And nobleness distills. 

Oh like the eagle and the rock, 
The oak on granite ledge, 
Our people bide the whirlwind shock, 
Well anchored rope and kedge : 
And some are heard in halls of state, 
Some strike the harp of song, 
Some bide the sailor's perilous fate, 
Some to the mort belong. 

They lead, where'er their lot is cast, 
As our proud motto reads ; 
With equal step from first to last, 
Most loyally Maine leads; 
22 



337 



338 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Not one in all the Portland band 
Has lost his manful name, 
And lost himself in felon brand, 
Gone to Canadian shame. 

Thy learned men — thy women fair, 

Thy poets first and last, 

Too many for my rhyming care, 

Must not be over-past ; 

And yet thy children lisped in rhyme, 

'Twas native to the spot; 

Regardless oft of tune and time, 

And needful care to blot. 

Neal dashed his hand with daring sweep, 
And sang how Alpine snow 
Remorseless, leaped from ancient sleep, 
And buried deep, Goldeau : 
And Mellen! "Lone imperial bird," 
That "stooped his tireless wing," 
By Portland poets should be heard, 
With no uncertain ring. 

Ah, so divine the poet's art, 

No fragment should be lost, 

For blood and life, in whole or part, 

Have been the sacred cost : 

It is not mete that I should word 

The roll of honor here, 

For he who strikes a single chord, 

Is to the poet dear. 

They who may never hope to reach 

The higher round of fame, 

Lay down their laurels all and each, 

At Longfellow's pure name : 

Hut who can tell how sad the soul, 

Shrank from the stripe away, 

As years on years, the deathless roll, 

Ignored their humble lay ! 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 339 

Farewell ! oh, daughter of the sea, 
Right royally thy throne 
O'erlooks the isles that wait on thee, 
Where White Head sits alone ; 
Thy regal head bears not a scar 
From all the perils past ; 
Thine is the glory of the star, 
When skies are overcast. 

Elizabeth Oakes Smith. 

Hollywood, Cartaret Co., N. C. 

Note. — Mrs. Elizabeth Oakes Smith is the widow of the late Seba Smith, 
whose humorous production and Jack Downing letters are world known. She was 
born in Cumberland, Me. Her maiden name was Prince. She married when she 
was sixteen years of age, and resided in Portland for some years while her husband 
was editor of the Daily Courier, and was engaged in literary work. About the same 
time she was married she became an anonymous contributor of poems to the peri- 
odical press. She lived here up te 1842, when with her husband she lemoved to 
New York, where he died (at L. I.) in 186S. She has frequently appeared before 
the public as a lecturer. In 1843 appeared the first considerable collection of her 
poetical pieces under the title of the "The Sinless Child and Other Poems," and 
her 'metrical contributions to the magazines have since been numerous. She is the 
author of " The Roman Tribute " and " Jacob Leisler," tragedies ; " The Western 
Captive " and "Bertha and Lily," novels; "The Salamander, a Legend for Christ- 
mas," and children's books and miscellaneous publications. In 1851 she published 
" Woman and Her Needs," a work devoted to the rights of woman, which Mrs. 
Smith has at various times advocated by her pen and as a lecturer. Among her 
later publication are: " Hints on Dress and Beauty," 1852; "Shadow Land," 1852; 
" The Newsboy," 1855; "Bald Eagle, or the Last of the Ramapaughs," 1867; 
"Two Wives," 187 1 ; and "Kitty Howard's Journal," 1871. Mrs. Smith took a 
great interest in the centennial celebration, and intended to be present on the 
occasion, having accepted the invitation from the Committee to become the guest 
of the City. She commenced the journey for that purpose from her home at Hol- 
lywood, Cartaret County, N. O, but on account of illness was obliged to return, 
and subsequently forwarded the poem which is printed as above. See her letters, 
page 44, ante, and in appendix. 

HIGH SCHOOL REUNION. 

Arrangements had been made for a reunion of the 
former graduates of the Portland High school, to be 
held during the celebration. Invitation cards, like the 



340 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

following, were sent to more than twelve hundred 
graduates: 

"PORTLAND HIGH SCHOOL. 

Your presence is requested at an informal reunion of the Graduates of the 

PORTLAND HIGH SCHOOL, 

to be held upon the Centennial of the Incorporation of Portland, in Reception 

1 1 ill, on Tuesday evening, July sixth, from eight to eleven o'clock." 

The reunion occured Tuesday evening, July 6th, in Reception 
Hall. The hall was prettily adorned with bunting, while from a 
point midway on the ceiling, streamers of alternating colors radiated 
to different portions of the walls. In the left hand corner of the 
room, as one entered the door, was an arch trimmed with bunting 
and adorned with flowers of harmonizing tints. On the arch were 
the words " Portland High School " in evergreen letters. On the 
walls were various class emblems, on which were the respective 
mottoes rivalling each other in the beauty of their appearance. In 
the civil engineer's room the class of '72 had prepared some delicious 
lemonade for the graduates. The walls of this room were covered 
with various mottoes signalizing some happy episodes of the High 
School days. One of these emblems is deserving of special notice. 
It bore the words " That Boy Tommy." It will be remembered that 
these words constituted the name of a play composed and partici- 
pated in by the members of the class, from the proceeds of which, 
amounting to seven hundred dollars, was founded the Portland 
Reference Library. From the male members of '72, also were 
formed the Portland Cadets. The reception committee were A. E. 
Chase. Principal of the High School; Mrs. G. W. Moody. '65; Mrs. 
G. W. Way, '71; Miss Inez Blanchard, '59; F. S. Waterhouse, '69. 
Anion- the old teachers present were Mrs. C. \V. Moody. Mi-. (1. 
W. W.i\. Mrs. Thompson, C. 1!. Varney, Mi>s Annabel Stetson, Miss 
J'..il>l). The reunion was under the charge of Alderman Wilson and 
Councilmen Adams and Kent, assisted by a lady and gentleman from 
each class. Everything connected with the reunion was a complete 
success, and all united in pronoucing it one of the most social and 
pleasant reunions ever attended. About six hundred of the gradu- 
ates were present. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



341 



Two members of the class of '41 were present, Mr. J. J. W. 
Reeves and Daniel Choate. Of the class of '61, Mr. George O. K. 
Cram only was present and one member of that of '55. 

After the reception, the class of '72 held a meeting and elected its 
officers for the coming year. Letters and telegrams were read from 
several absent members. 



FIREWORKS EXHIBITION, 

which was postponed from Monday evening, July 5th, 
took place on Wednesday evening, July 7th, on the 
plain at the foot of the Western Promenade. The 
display was made by the " Unexcelled Fireworks Com- 
pany " to whom had been awarded the contract by the 
committee, and was furnished by Charles Day, of this 
city. It was according to the following programme, 
viz: 

1. Ascent of large balloons with trails attached, which, as they gradually pass 

from view, throw out various kinds of firework effects. 

2. Grand illumination of the surroundings by prismatic colored lights. 

3. Great shell. Colored stars. 

4. Rocket display, introducing many new and novel effects. 

5. Flight of golden geysers, forming a cascade of spray fire ascending and 

descending. 

6. Set piece. Magic wheel. 

7. Fire torpedoes, flying through the air with great rapidity and exploding with 

a loud report. 

8. Special bombshell display (mammoth size) with varied and beautiful effects 

and combinations. 

9. Great golden cloud studded with sapphires. 

10. Double diamond, set piece. 

11. Japanese novelty rockets, new, wonderful. 

12. Twin asteroid rockets with twinkling stars. 

13. Pleiades rockets, with seven floating stars, changing colors. 

14. Umbrella of fire. 

15. Jewelled mine explosion. 

16. Peacock tails, — set piece. 

17. Salvos of saucissions, filling the air with fantastic forms of brilliant fire. 

18. Flying pigeons. 



342 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

19. Variegated bombshells, 24 inch with carmine, emerald, golden streamers, 

gold rain, magnesium, crimson, gold amber, green and gold, mauve, pink, 
blue and ors. 

20. Congreve rockets. 

21. ( rothic cross, — set piece. 

22. Japanese torpillions. 

23. Roman fountain batteries. 

24. Floral fountains. 

25. Kaleidoscope, — set piece. 

26. Prismatic fountains. 

27. I nXLD great shells, 30 inch aurora borealis. 

28. Cross fire of signal rockets. 

29. Aerial acre of variegated gems. 

30. Chinese spider, — set piece. 

31. Meteoric rockets. 

32. P< ail streamers. 

33. Telescope rockets. 

34. Fiery whirlwinds. 

35. Egyptian pyramids, — set piece. 

36. Fiery \\ anglers. 

37. Volcanic eruptions. 

38. Boss Tweed's diamond, — set piece. 

39. UnXLD mammoth spreaders. 

40. Jewelled clouds. 

41. Enamelled jewels, — set piece. 

42. Prize cometic rockets. 

43. UnXLD challenge rockets. 

44. Forest of fire. 

45. Jewelled star. 

46. brilliant serpents. 

47. 1 >rooping stars. 

■ 48. Magnesium shells. 

49. Grand device, displaying the words, Welcome Sons of Portland. 

50. UnXLD serial wonders. 

51. Shell of shells. 

52. Pea< ock plumes. 

53. Aerial contortionists. 

54. Extra large final device representing the Coat of Anns of the City "t Port- 

land, with the dates 17816 — r886. 

55. Grand Might of live hundred large colored rockets fired at one time and 

forming a grand atrial bouquet. 

The display was very fine, and was witnessed by a 
vast multitude of well pleased people. The intense 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



343 



heat was tempered somewhat by a cooling breeze, and 
the grassy turf of the slopes of the hill made quite 
comfortable seats for thousands. It is safe to say it 
was the finest display of fireworks that has ever 
been seen here. The rocket display was unusually 
good, the rockets shooting into the sky to a greater 
height than they generally attain on similar exhibitions. 
The device displaying in various colored lights the 
words, "Welcome Sons of Portland," was specially 
fine. And this, the closing feature of the Centennial 
celebration was a grand success. 

THANKS OF THE CITY COUNCIL.' 

ORDER PASSED JULY 13TH, 1886. 

Ordered: that the thanks of the City Council, in 
behalf of the city, be returned to the Hon. Thomas B. 
Reed for his able and brilliant oration, delivered in 
City Hall, July 6th ; to Mrs. Abba Goold Woolson, for 
her beautiful and interesting poem on the same occa- 
sion; to the Hon. Secretary of the Navy, for the 
presence of the North Atlantic Squadron in our harbor 
during the city's Centennial; to Rear Admiral Luce, 
for the detail of officers and men from the fleet, adding 
so much to the effectiveness of the procession on July 
5th, and to all others, far too numerous to specify, who 
assisted in making the Centennial celebration so great 
a success; and the mayor is requested to convey to the 
above named persons, the thanks of the city. 

1 City Records, vol. 22, p. 375. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 345 



APPKN D IX. 



CORRESPONDENCE. 



The large number of letters received from the sons 
and daughters of Portland, and former residents, all 
over the land, in response to the invitations sent from 
the committee requesting their presence at the "Cen- 
tennial Anniversary" precludes the publication of but 
a few of these responses; and being mainly from those 
who were invited as the guests of the city. 

LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Executive Mansion, 

Washington, June 23, 1886. 

The Hon. Charles J. Chapman, 

Mayor, Portland, Maine. 
Dear Sir : The President has received your letter of the 9th 
instant conveying the invitation of the city of Portland to attend the 
celebration of its Centennial Anniversary on July 4th, 5th and 6th, 
and he directs me to say that the gratification which it would afford 
him to be present on so interesting and important an occasion in 
the history of the city, adds much to his regret that it will be 
impracticable for him to go to Portland at that time. 

Expressing the President's thanks for the compliment of the 
invitation and the courtesy extended in connection therewith. 

Very truly yours, 

Daniel S. Lamont, 

Private Secretary. 



346 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Letters were received from Hon. Eugene Hale and 
Hon. W'm P. Frye, senators, also from Nelson Dingley, 
jr., and Charles A. Boutelle, M. C, from Maine, express- 
ing their thanks for the invitations, and regretting their 
inability to attend on account of the session of Con- 
gress being near its close. 

LETTER FROM HON. JOHN D. LONG. 

House of Representatives U. S., 

Washington, D. C, June 16, 1S86. 
Dear Mr. Hull: 

Yours received. I regret very much that I cannot accept the kind 
invitation you sent me to be the guest of the City of Portland at its 
Centennial, and as such to represent the sons of Maine in Massachu- 
setts. I fear my engagements here will prevent my availing myself 
of the opportunity. 

Very truly yours, 

J. D. Long. 

Letters from President Wm. DeW. Hyde, of Bow- 
doin College, from President George D. B. Pepper, of 
Colby University, and President O. B. Cheney, of Bates 
College, thanking for the invitations and declining on 
account of other duties, to be present at the celebration, 
were received. 

LETTER FROM HON. JAMES W. BRADBURY, PRESIDENT OF MAINE 
HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

Augusta, June 29, 1 

Hon. C. J. Chapman, Mayor. 

Deak Sir : Please accept my thanks for your courteous invitation 
to attend the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of your 
very beautiful city. 

An occasion so interesting in the revival of the memories of the 
past and in the reunions it will secure, and so useful in rescuing and 
preserving important materials for the truthful history of the city 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 347 

and of the labors and sacrifices of its pioneer settlers, presents to 
me such strong attractions that it deepens my regret at my inability 
to be present. 

Possibly I may be able on the last day, personally to thank you for 
the honor of the invitation. 

Most respectfully yours, &c, 

James W. Bradbury. 

Letters from Hon. Charles Hamlin of Bangor, 
Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives, from 
Col. Clark S. Edwards of Bethel, from Hon. E. B. 
Nealley, Mayor of Bangor, from Hon. George E. 
Macomber, Mayor of Augusta, from Hon. J. E. Ladd, 
Mayor of Gardiner, from Hon. M. N. McCusick, Mayor 
of Calais, from the Mayor of Newburg, N. Y., and from 
Gen. John T. Richards of Gardiner; also from State 
Councillors Hon. Ernest M. Goodall of Sanford, and 
Hon. Lambert Sands of Sebec, were received, regretting 
that on account of previous engagements they should 
be deprived of the pleasure of being present. 

The Mayor of St. John, N. B., whose wife is a native 
of Portland, expected to be present, but being unable 
to, sent the following telegram: 

St. John, N. B., July 3, 18S6. 
Hon. Charles J. Chapman, Mayor: 

Regret exceedingly. Important business prevents me joining you 
in the Centennial celebration. Please make my apologies. Wishing 
you success. J. S. Bois DeVebeer, Mayor. 

The following letter from Hon. Frederick Douglass 
was in response to one from the clerk of the committee 
for the purpose of obtaining some historical informa- 
tion, which was deemed of importance in connection 
with the celebration : 



348 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Washington, D. C, Apr. 23d, 1S86. 
John T. Hull, Esq. 

My Dear Sir : I am unable to give the exact date of my first 
visit to Portland but now think it was the year after I first entered 
the anti-slavery field as a speaker, and that would make it the sum- 
mer of 1842. I was the guest of Oliver and Lydia Dennett. I well 
remember the Sunday afternoon, when on the granite post of the 
steps of the old City Hall, I spoke to a crowd of about one 
thousand, who had stopped to hear me. I have spoken in Portland 
many times since, and well remember the hospitality of Genl. 
Fessenden, Mr. and Mrs. Dennett, Judge Ware and others. Vast 
and wonderful changes have been wrought since those stormy days. 
I like to be reminded of them by those who took interest in the 
cause of the slave in its infancy. The contrast between now and 
then gives me hope and faith for the future. When I stood on 
those stone steps in Portland, forty-four years ago, I was a fugitive 
from slavery and liable to recapture and a return to bondage, but 
now 1 am free. Then I was unknown, now I am well-known. Then 
I was at the mercy of the mob. Now I am, in this city at least, pro- 
tected by law, and for nine years have held important offices in the 
capital of the nation. 

Very truly yours, 

Fred'k Douglass. 



LETTER FROM REV. HORATIO STEBBINS. 

San Francisco, 1609 Larkin St., April 28, 1S86. 

Mr. John T. Hull. 

My Dear Sir : I thank you and the committee for the respect 
they have shown me in asking me to be present at the Portland 
Centennial on the 1st of July. I have an informal purpose to \isit 
New England this season, but I am unable at present to decide 
whether or not I could be there at the date of your festivities. At 
present I can say no more, and I would ask you, therefore, to con- 
sider me a possible but an accidental guest. 

I am, yours truly. 

Horatio Stebbins. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 349 

LETTER FROM REV. CYRUS A. BARTOL. 

Manchester, Mass., io June, 1S86. 
To Charles J. Chapman, 

Mayor of the City of Portland. 

Dear Sir : But for unavoidable engagements in preparing, during 
the first fortnight in July, to speak both in Concord and in Boston, it 
would be my pleasure as well as duty to attend your Centennial. 
After Freeport, the place of my birth, no spot is to me so dear and 
beautiful as Portland ; pictured as it is in the memory of my boy- 
hood, indelibly associated with the home of my parents and the 
graves of kindred dust, and with the town schools where Jackson and 
Libbey taught my youth, and stirred in me the ambition to go to 
Brunswick for a college education. Mount Joy, where John Neal set 
up a gymnasium for classes of lads ; Bramhall's hill looking toward 
the White Mountains ; the wharves of world-wide commerce, at the 
head of one of which my father had a store ; Deering's woods, in 
which I roved and mused and perhaps began to pray ; Cape Eliza- 
beth, that was my introduction to the Atlantic ocean ; and the Pre- 
sumpscot river, on its quiet way to the sea, make the fame of a 
canvas whose charm no painter less than the great Artist can match 
for my heart. 

The city of Portland, the pearl of Casco Bay, she shines and casts 
no shadow, appearing ever as under a vertical sun. 

Truly, cordially yours, 

C. A. Bartol. 



LETTER FROM DANIEL C. COLESWORTHY. 

Boston, June n, 1886. 
John T. Hull, Clerk of Committee. 

Dear Sir : I am very much obliged for the invitation to visit 
Portland at coming Centennial anniversary, signed by your Mayor, 
but fear that I may not have the pleasure to attend. You seem to 
be making great preparations for the event, and I doubt not that it 
will be worthy of the occasion. 

Yours, D. C. Colesworthy. 



350 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

LETTER FROM CHARLES J. CHAINDOLPH. 

Sailors Snug Harbor, Staten Island, 

Richmond County, New York, 

June i 2th, 1886. 
Gentlemen of the Committee: 

In reply to your cordial invitation to attend the Centennial Anni- 
versary celebration of your beautiful city, I would state that I shall 
be unable to do so, on account of illness. You may be assured that 
many of the sons of Portland now residing here would avail them- 
selves of the privilege to visit once more the city of their birth were 
they not incapable from sickness and old age, and want of funds. 

With many thanks for the kindness of the committee in remember- 
ing the old sailors, and the hopes that there may be no untoward 
event to mar the occasion. 

I remain, gentlemen, 

Your obedient servant, 

Chas. J. Chaindolph. 

LETTER FROM RT. REV. DENIS M. BRADLEY. 

Manchester, N. H., June 14, 1886. 
Dear Sir : Your invitation to be present at Portland's Centennial 
celebration as the guest of the city, was received in due time. I 
assure you I appreciate very highly your kindness, and would gladly 
avail myself of it were it not that a previous and imperative engage- 
ment prevents me from so doing. 

Yours very gratefully and respectfully, 

Denis M. Bradley, 

Bishop of Manchester. 
His Honor, Chas. J. Chapman, Mayor. 

LETTER FROM HON. MARK H. DUNNELL. 

Owatonna, Minn., June 16, 18S6. 
Hon. Charles J. Chapman, 

Mayor of Portland. 
I l] ar Sir : Your polite invitation to be the guest of the city of 
Portland on the occasion of her Centennial anniversary July 4th. 5th, 
and 6th of next month has been duly received. Accept my thanks 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



351 



for the invitation and be assured of my sincere regrets that engage- 
ments, already made, will render it impossible for me to be present. 
I have strong attractions toward your city — was born but fifteen 
miles from it. It was the first city I ever saw, and to me, a boy, it 
was an immense city. To me and my family for two years it was our 
home, and always remembered with affection. 

Yours respectfully, 

Mark H. Dunnell. 

LETTER FROM ISAAC McLELLAN. 

Greenport, L. L, June 13, 1886. 
Hon. Charles J. Chapman, Mayor: 

Dear Sir : I was greatly pleased today to receive your kind card 
of invitation to be present at the anniversary celebration of Port- 
land, the beloved and my place of birth, and I greatly regret that I 
shall be unable to attend ; but you have my best heart-felt good 
wishes that your celebration shall be in all respects a most interest- 
ing and successful one. Since receiving your card this morning I 
have been pleasantly employing my pen in writing some verses 
appropriate to the occasion, and I hope they may meet with your 
approval, and I shall be very glad to receive a printed report of the 
ceremonies. 

I was born in Portland, May 21, 1806, and am of course eighty 
years of age. My father, then a merchant in Portland for several 
years, subsequently removed to Boston. I entered Bowdoin College, 
and graduated in 1826. In my vacation journeys to and from 
Brunswick I always remained in Portland for a few days, where I 
had many friends and relatives, and on one occasion passed the 
whole summer vacation in your delightful city, where I met daily 
with Longfellow, Mellen, Wingate, Preble, and others of my college 
friends. Yours most respectfully, 

Isaac McLellan. 

letter from hon. francis springer. 

Columbus Junction, Iowa, June 15th, 1886. 
Hon. Chas. J. Chapman, Portland, Maine. 

Dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your 
letter of the nth instant, and also a copy of the elegant card of the 
committee of which you are chairman, addressed "To the sons and 



352 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

daughters of Portland and its former residents," inviting me to the 
proposed celebration of her Centennial anniversary. 

In reply, I beg to say that I shall be glad (if I well can) to be 
present on an occasion so full of interest to all the sons and 
daughters of the " Pine Tree State," who always, present or absent, 
feel a just pride in the fame and prosperity of her metropolis, a city 
so rich in historic interest, in the beauty of her island gems and 
other natural scenery, as well as in the eminence of her gifted men 
and women, past and present. 

Thanking you and the committee for the courtesies received, 
I am with true regard, your obedient servant, 

Francis Springer. 

The Loyalists of Falmouth : At the time of the 
American Revolution some of the most prominent 
families then residing in Falmouth, now Portland, 
adhered to the Crown, and -as a consequence were 
banished, forfeited their estates here, and sought new 
homes in the wilds of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, 
where their descendants became distinguished and hon- 
ored. It was deemed expedient on an occasion like the 
Centennial anniversary to extend invitations to the 
descendants of those whose hearth-stones were on Fal- 
mouth Neck, to be present with us on this joyous 
occasion. Invitations were accordingly sent to mem- 
bers of the Jack family, who were the descendants of 
Thomas Wyer, a merchant here before the Revolution; 
and also to members of the Wiswall family who de- 
scended from Rev. John Wiswall, 1 who was the rector 

I Note b\ the Editor. — W. II. Wiswell, Esq., of Halifax, N. S., writes, that 

in the church at Middleton, Wilmot Parish, X. S., there is a monument on which 
is the following inscription : 

"SACRED TO THE MEMORY "I- THE 

I kl Nl> JOHN WISWAL1 , A.M., 
Who was burn at Boston, U. S., 3d April, 1731. 

1 'nlaincd by the I ik1i.ii, 1704. 

II left his native land in 1775. in consequence of the revolutionary Struggle, and was appointed 
Rector of the Parish of Wilmot in 17S.J, where he continued till his death, 2d Dec, l8i». 

Mi was the lirst clergyman uf any denomination who settled in this place." 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. O00 

of St. Paul's church, when the war commenced. Of the 
Jack family two representatives were present, viz., Hon. 
Isaac A. Jack, Recorder of the City of St. John, and 
D. R. Jack, Esq., of the same place ; and the following 
letter was also received from Edward Jack, Esq., of 
Fredericton, N. B., who is a grandson of Thomas 
Wyer: 

LETTER FROM EDWARD JACK. 

Fredericton, New Brunswick, 28 June, 1886. 

Dear Sir : The kind invitation of the City of Portland to be 
present on the Centennial anniversary of its incorporation has been 
received by me with much pleasure, and I greatly regret that I will 
be unable to be present on so interesting an occasion. Our fathers 
differed in their views as to the path of duty. They have all arrived 
at that common home where, for the just, everlasting peace reigns ; 
that their descendants may for all time dwell together in unbroken 
harmony in the fear and favor of our Almighty Father and Protector 
is my earnest desire. Yours truly, 

Edward Jack.. 

J. T. Hull, Esq., Portland, Me. 

Of the Wiswall family no representative was present, 
but a letter was received from a member of the family, 
viz.: 

LETTER FROM ARCHDEACON GILPIN. 

Halifax, Nova Scotia, June 26, 1886. 

My Dear Sir : Thank you very much for your kind note of invi- 
tation to the Portland celebration. It would give me great pleasure 
to be present. My work here will prevent me. Our Synod meets 
on the first, and will extend over a week. 

My mother was a Wiswall, a descendant of the Rev. John Wiswall 
of whom you write. He came to Nova Scotia and took advantage 
of an offer of land (and use of a glebe) which was reserved for the. 
first clergyman who should assume charge in Wilmot. 
23 



354 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

He left two sons, Peleg, who became a judge in the courts of law, 
and John, who remained on the homestead. My mother was daughter 
of John. He had seven children. One son married and left a large 
family. They have become pretty well scattered, and I think the 
homestead has passed into other hands. 

The Wm. H. Wiswell of whom you write is no doubt of the same 
family. The little difference of spelling in the two names is not of 
any moment. 

I have a book entitled "Historical View of the Commission 
Appointed for Enquiring into Losses, &c., of American Loyalists in 
1783, by John Eardley Wilmot." 

Again thanking you, 

I remain yours truly, 

Edwin Gilpin. 

John T. Hull, Esq. 



LETTER FROM HON. HOSEA ILSLEY. 

Chelsea, June iSth, 1S86. 
John T. Hull, Esq., 

Clerk of the Centennial of Portland, Me. 

Dear Sir: Your several communications to me have been duly 
received and contents noted. I thank the committee for their very 
kind invitation to attend the approaching Centennial of Portland, it 
having been my dwelling place for nearly half of my lifetime. My 
physical condition is such as to forbid me from participating in the 
services of that interesting occasion. My hearing is so impaired 
that I can hear nothing in an assemblage of people and my eyesight 
is very poor and I am not very strong, so that I feel that it would be 
hazardous for me to encounter the ceremonies of so interesting an 
occasion as will transpire at that time. I therefore must deny myself 
the pleasure of greeting those win mi 1 love and respect. Please 
accept my heartfelt thanks for your courtesies extended to me on 
this occasion. 

I am yours truly, 

Hosea Ilslev. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 355 

LETTER FROM ANDREW SCOTT. 

To the Hon. Charles J. Chapman, 

Mayor of the City of Portland, 

And the Committee on the celebration of its iooth year. 
Gents : Please receive my thanks for the honor you have done 
me by your special invitation as the guest of the city to attend at the 
exercises on the coming July. It would have been a great pleasure 
had I been able to accept your invitation, but my years and 
consequent infirmities prevent. In my varied life through our own 
and in foreign countries my memories have always turned to Port- 
land as my natal home. I have never been at home anywhere else. 
" Let Portland flourish." 

Respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Andrew Scott. 
Flushing, N. Y., June 19, 1886. 



LETTER FROM SARGENT S. PRENTISS. 

New Orleans, June 19th, 18S6. 

Hon. Charles J. Chapman, 

Mayor of Portland. 
Dear Sir: I have received your letter of the nth instant, ask- 
ing me to be the guest of your city during the Centennial celebra- 
tion of July next, and I hasten to express my appreciation of your 
kind invitation, and my gratification at this tribute to my father's 
memory. I regret to say that I cannot be present upon this occasion, 
but I shall be with you in spirit, and shall join you in wishing suc- 
cess and prosperity to your beautiful city. 

I remain, very respectfully yours, 

S. S. Prentiss. 



TELEGRAM FROM SARGENT S. PRENTISS. 

New Orleans, La., July 5th, 18S6. 
Hon. Charles J. Chapman, Mayor, and Chairman: 
Accept my congratulations and best wishes. 

S. S. Prentiss. 



356 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

LETTER FROM BISHOP SOUTHGATE. 

Ravenswood, Long Island, June 20th, 18S6. 
Hon. Chas. J. Chapman, 

Mayor, Portland, Maine. 
Dear Sir: I regret that it will not be in my power to attend the 
Centennial celebration of the founding of my native city. The 
recollections of childhood and part of the work of my manhood 
make it very dear to me. The names of the men who were its lead- 
ing citizens fifty years ago are familiar to me, and their faces I 
remember well. Events which help to make up the history of its 
first century transpired before my eyes. It would be for me a touch- 
ing memorial to mingle in the three days' celebration, but circum- 
stances which I cannot control, prevent my attendance. 
I am yours sincerely, 

Horatio Southgate. 

letter from hon. erastus brooks. 

West Nf.w Brighton, 

STATEN Island, June 21, 1S86. 

Hon. Chas. J. Chapman, Mayor. 

\\\ Dear Sir: If I could control my own pleasure and wholly 
control my own wishes, I would be in Portland at the Centennial 
anniversary celebration of my native city. But as the president of 
the oldest institution for the instruction of the deaf and dumb of the 
country I had previously committed myself to visit the Pacific at 
about the same time in company with the principals and instructors 
of the several like institutions of the country at large. In early July 
1 expect to be nearer Portland, Oregon, than to Portland, Maine. 
Absence from the latter city upon an occasion of so much public 
interest, — and especially to one born in old Portland, more than 
seventy years since, — as it was to my parents, when alive, is indeed 
the source of very great regret. Only once in any common lifetime is 
the citizen permitted to share in a centennial celebration. Mosl oi 
my own past lifetime have been years of absence from my native 
city: but the old home, the old memories, "the town seated by the 
sea," the hundred and more beautiful islands, the uplands at each 
end of the town, the bay and harbor of unrivalled beauty, the woods 
and trees that have outlived in time our oldest lives, the faces and 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



357 



voices of friends that never die while memory lives, the graveyards 

where so many thousands born upon the soil have been buried, and 

whose names we read as a record and memorial of the past, the 

churches of all faiths and doctrines, the old commerce to the West 

Indies and elsewhere, the fight near the harbor between the Enterprise 

and Boxer, that soon ended in the freedom of the seas, and in the 

war of i8i2-'i5 in which, at its close, my father lost his life after 

faithful service in defence of this freedom ; these are among the 

many recollections of the hour, and which in all that is of national, 

state or local interest will be present with you in the coming days 

of July. Accept my cordial thanks for your invitation as the guest 

of the city, and believe me to be 

Fraternally yours, 

Erastus Brooks. 

Note. — Erastus Brooks, who has died within a short time, was a native of Port- 
land, and always manifested a great interest in its welfare. His intention was to 
have been present at the celebration. He was one of two brothers whose careers 
have been watched with great interest by many of the older citizens of Portland. 
James, the elder brother, was born in Cape Elizabeth, in 1807, and graduated at 
Waterville College in 1S3L His career as editor of the Portland Advertiser, 
foreign correspondent of that paper, founder of the New York Express and mem- 
ber of Congress, is familiar to the public. His younger brother, Erastus, was 
born in Portland in 1815. They were the sons of Capt. James Brooks, who com- 
manded the privateer " Yankee " during the war of 1812. Their mother, when 
left a widow, married Joseph Dudley, who resided and kept a small grocery shop 
on Fore street, corner of Fox's lane, where Philip Quinn afterwards lived. The 
boys went to our town schools, and are well remembered by many of our older 
citizens. Erastus learned the printer's trade in this town, and had a hand in vari- 
ous newspaper enterprises in this State and elsewhere, having been associated 
with John G. Whittier in the editorship of the Essex Gazette, at Haverhill. He 
was Washington correspondent and editor of the Portland A dvertiser and the .\'. Y. 
Express, and became Gne of the proprietors of the latter paper. He served in the 
New York Senate, and was long a prominent figure in the politics of that State. 
He was possessed of sound judgment and stability of character, which gave him 
influence with all his associates. 

LETTER FROM BISHOP BURGESS. 

Quincv, Illinois, June 21st, 1886. 
Charles J. Chapman, Esq., 

Mayor, Portland, Maine. 
Dear Sir : I thank you and the Centennial committee for your 



358 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

recollection of me and for the invitation extended to me with the 
accompanying hospitality. 

I accept with much pleasure, and am grateful for your courtesy. 
Yet I am forced to say that it is altogether possible that I may be 
obliged to recall the acceptance. If so, I will send early and hope 
for your needy pardon. 

With the best of wishes, I remain, 

Yours cordially, 

Alex'r Burgess, 

BisJiop of Quincy. 

LETTER FROM HON. STEWART L. WOODFORD. 

New York, June 22d, 1886. 
Dear Mr. Mayor : 

I had hoped I might be able to accept your good invitation to 
attend the Portland Centennial. My wife tells me that I owe the 
invitation entirely to the fact that she was born in Portland. I pre- 
sume she is correct, for she has always brought me "good luck and 
that daily." We both regret that we cannot come, but our best 
wishes will be with all our Portland friends for a happy gathering. 

Sincerely, 

Stewart L. Woodford. 
The Honorable Charles J. Chapman, Mayor and Chairman. 

LETTKR FROM MRS. CLARA BARNES MARTIN. 

Hon. C. J. Chapman, 

Mayor of Portland. 
Dear Sir: I cannot too much regret that a severe illness obliges 
me to decline the Mattering honor you so kindly do me in inviting me 
to be the "guest of the city" at the coming Centennial anniversary. 
Believe me, with heartfelt thanks. 

Sincerely yours. 

Clara B vrnes Martin. 
4 Otis Place, Boston, June 21, 18S6. 

\> 1 1 1 . — Mi ■*. Martin, whose sickness prevented her attendance at the Centennial 

celebration, died >>n September 6th last in Boston, and her remains rest in Ever- 

tery. Sin- was horn in Waterville, and was the eldest daughter of the 

l.n. Phineas Barnes, the former editor of the Portland Advertiser. She came to 

ind when a child, with her father and family, in [839, and her girlhood was 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



359 



spent here. She was a graduate of the Portland High School. She took a great 
interest in the proposed Centennial celebration, and it was at her suggestion that 
the hymn on page 56, which was a great favorite of her father's, was sung in the 
churches at the services on July 4th. She said, in a letter to the editor of the 
Advertiser, " It is a serious grief to me, that will last the rest of my life, that I 
shall miss the Centennial to which I have been so kindly and flatteringly invited." 
She was a contributor to the literary columns of the N. Y. Post, and wrote a very 
interesting sketch and guide-book of Mount Desert Island, which had the effect to 
attract attention to that now favored resort. 

LETTER FROM MRS. WILLIS, WIDOW OF N. P. WILLIS. 

Hon. Charles J. Chapman. 

Dear Sir : I regret very sincerely that it will not be in my power 
to accept your polite and attractive invitation for the Centennial 
celebration in your beautiful city. 

Thanking you for your courtesy and for that of your committee, 
I remain respectfully yours, 

Cornelia Grinnell Willis. 
New Bedford, June 23, 1886. 

LETTER FROM MRS. MARY NEAL SHERWOOD. 

123 Charles St. Av., Baltimore. 
To Hon. Charles J. Chapman. 

Dear Sir: It is with great regret that I find myself compelled 
to relinquish the pleasure of being present at the Centennial 
anniversary of a city that will always be very dear to me. Thank- 
ing you for your very courteous invitation, I am, 
Very sincerely yours, 

Mary Neal Sherwood. 
June 24th, 1886. 

LETTER FROM MARGARET E. NEAL. 

Baltimore, June 24th, 1S86. 
Hon. Charles J. Chapman. 

Dear Sir: Permit me to acknowledge, with many thanks, the 
card of invitation from the Centennial Committee, received a few 
days since. 

It is with great regret that I am obliged to decline being present 
on the occasion, but beg to offer my heartiest good wishes with the 



360 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

hope that the " City of the Sea," so dear to the heart of my beloved 
father, may wear its fairest aspect in celebrating its birthday. 
Very respectfully, 

Margaret Eleanor Neal. 

letter from frederick frothingham. 

M ill. in, M \ss., June 26, 18S6. 

Hon. Charles J. Chapman. Messrs. Wm. M. Marks, George H. 
Abbott and Eliphalet G. Spring, Committee, ete. 
Gentlemen: Your favor inviting me to be present at the Cen- 
tennial celebration of the City of Portland is received and most 
gratefully acknowledged. 

I should be glad if it were in my power to be present and a sharer 
in the festivities of the joyous occasion. But since that is not per- 
mitted me, I can but express the interest I feel in all that concerns 
the prosperity of the beautiful old Forest City, associated with 
ancestral memories and memories of happy days, and wish that the 
celebration may not only prove delightful and successful, but also 
contribute to creating in the minds and hearts of all who share in it 
a new devotion to the good city's highest welfare. 
I remain, gentlemen, 

Your obedient servant, 

Fred'k Frothingham. 

letter from bishop STEV] \S. 

i'lin \iii 1 iMiiA, June 26th, 18S6. 

Hon. C. J. Chapman, Mayor. 

Dear Sir: I beg you to accept my sincere thanks for the invita- 
tion to attend the Centennial Anniversary of your beautiful city. 

As a native of Maine it would give me great pleasure to attend 
such a gathering and participate in its exercises, but my health for 
the last ten months has been so feeble and uncertain that I am 
compelled to forego all such public gatherings; and hence I am 
compelled to decline this kind invitation. Hoping that the celebra- 
tion maybe a complete success, I remain, 

Yours truly. 

Wm. Bacon Stevi 

Bishof of Pennsylvania. 






CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



LETTER FROM MRS. ANN S. STEPHENS. 



361 



38 East Sixty-third Street, 

New York, June 29th, 18S6. 
Centennial Committee of the City of Portland. 

Gentlemen : Many thanks for your cordial invitation to join in 
the Centennial celebration of your beautiful city. Nothing could 
give me greater pleasure than the power to accept a hospitality of 
which my remembrance has remained sacred and undimmed through- 
out half a century — for it was in Portland that my first literary efforts 
were made, and there they were received with such kindly, encour- 
aging consideration, that when I left that city, fifty long years ago, I 
carried with me grateful memories of the best friends that ever 
brightened my life. But these dear friends have passed, one by one, 
to the sacred resting place that overlooks your noble bay, and even 
if the infirmities of age would permit my joining in your festivities, 
the pleasure of meeting the descendants of those who honored me 
by their friendship would be dimmed by the thought that I had come 
on a pilgrimage from one generation to another. The same honored 
names would be there and, I feel and know, the same cordial greet- 
ing; but those who bore those names — my own dear friends — would 
be gone beyond the threshold of that other world, on which your 
message reaches me. The thought of this would lend a shade of 
sadness even to the pride and happiness of seeing the dear old place 
again, more prosperous, more doubly blessed than ever, and I feel 
that the ordeal would be more than my strength could endure. 
Nothing but this could prevent my accepting so kind and thoughtful 
an invitation to revisit a place that has been warmly in my heart for 
half a century and will be so until that heart ceases its toil. 
Very sincerely and gratefully yours, 

Ann S. Stephens. 

Note. — Mrs. Ann Sophia Stephens died in New York in September last, her 
husband having died some years previous. She was born in Derby, Conn., in 
181 3, and in 1832 married Edward Stephens, a printer, and removed to this city, 
where she resided five years, on Hampshire street. Her husband was employed 
at the Advertiser office. She commenced her literary labor at the age of seventeen 
years, and in 1835-37 edited the Portland Sketch-Book and Portland Magazine, of 
which copies may be seen in the Public Library. In 1837 she removed to New 
York where she resided until her death. She was a voluminous writer, having 
written over fifty novels, and was a contributor to various periodicals. One of the 



302 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



lown of her novels is "Fashion and Famine " (1854), which appeared in 
ii versions. A uniform edition of her works was published in Phila- 
delphia in 1869 1 1 ( vols., 12 mo.) She became quite wealthy from the proceeds of 
her pen. She always retained a lively interest in Portland matters and recollec- 
tions of her former friends in this city. 

LETTER FROM JAMES PARTON. 

NEWBURYPORT, Mass., June 29, 1S86. 

Hon. Charles J. Chapman and the Committee on Invitations. 

Gentlemen: Accept the cordial thanks of Mrs. Parton and 
myself for the invitation you have kindly given us to attend the 
Centennial exercises of next week. I feel we shall be unable to 
leave home until the third day, and we cannot now be sure even of 
getting away then. Our best wishes will be with you for the com- 
plete success of the celebration. 

I cannot forget that it was the wanton burning of Falmouth in 
1775 that weaned the heart of New England from the mother 
country. Lexington could have been forgiven, but Falmouth never. 
In the ashes of the little town on the Maine coast Independence was 
born. The event makes the site classic forever, and gives Falmouth 
a place in the history of human development. 

Very respectfully yours, 

James Parton. 

letter from rev. henry m. king. 

Ai BANY, X. V., June 30, 1SS6. 
Hon. Chas. J. Chapman, 

Mayor of Portland, Maine. 

M\ Dear Sir: Your official invitation to me to be present in 
Portland, as a guest of the city, at the celebration of its one hun- 
dredth anniversary, came duly to hand. Be assured of my grateful 
appreciation of this courtesy. I have delayed acknowledging it 
until now, hoping that it might be possible for me to return a 
favorable response. I am, however, compelled, by reason of un- 
yielding engagements, to deny myself the great pleasure of accepting 
your courteous imitation. 

My heart will he with you in the coming celebration. Portland 
has a history of which it may well he proud. " beautiful for 
situation," commanding, on the one hand, a charming ocean view, 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 3G3 

and on the other a no less charming landscape, bounded by the 

snowy summits of the distant New Hampshire hills, it has been the 

joy of its citizens and the admiration of its guests. Distinguished 

for the general culture of its homes and the virtue and substantial 

prosperity of its people, it has been especially distinguished for the 

eminence of many of its sons. What Portlander who recalls the 

names of Henry \Y. Longfellow, Sargent S. Prentiss, William Pitt 

Fessenden, Henry B. Smith, and others who have stood in the front 

rank of America's poets, orators, statesmen and theologians, does 

not feel his breast swelling with the happy consciousness of being " a 

citizen of no mean city?" 

Of all towns in this fair land of ours no one, I believe, is more 

tenderly beloved or has a warmer place in the hearts of its absent 

sons than 

" The beautiful town 
That is seated by the sea." 

Every remembrance of it brings to mind delightful and hallowed 

associations, bright visions of sunny days, and "friendships old and 

early loves," which touch the deepest emotions of the soul. 

Although not yet within sight of that venerable period of life which 

is sometimes called " the sere and yellow leaf," I find myself often 

repeating the words of our poet laureate : 

" And Deering's woods are fresh and fair, 

And with joy that is almost pain, 
My heart goes back to wander there, 
And among the dreams of the days that were, 

I find my lost youth again." 

The city of Albany, in which I reside, claims to have received the 
first municipal charter granted in this country, and therefore to be 
the oldest American city. In July, two weeks later than your 
celebration, it will celebrate with appropriate ceremonies, continuing 
through an entire week, the bi-centennial of its existence as a 
chartered municipality. The stately Dutch matron of two hundted 
years on the west bank of the Hudson sends her cordial greeting to 
the fair young maiden of a hundred summers who makes her morn- 
ing toilet in the sparkling waters of Casco Bay. 

I doubt not that your celebration will be worthy of the city and of 
the occasion, and that great memories will inspire to yet greater 
deeds. I remain, very respectfully yours, 

Henry M. King. 



304 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

LETTER FROM SAMUEL FESSEND1 IN. 

Stamford, Conn., June 30th, 1SS6. 
Hon. Chas. J. Chapman. 

Chairman, Portland^ Me. 

I )! \R Sir: I am in receipt of your letter of the 22c! inst., invit- 
ing me to attend the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of 
the city of Portland, July 4th, 5th and 6th proximo. Please convey 
to your committee my appreciation of their courteous invitation, and 
my sincere regret that my professional engagements are such that I 
am unable to accept. Portland was the home of my ancestors, and 
pleasant memories will carry me to you in spirit, although I cannot 
be with you in person on the occasion you celebrate. I send to you 
and to your committee, my most cordial good wishes, and to the 
metropolis of Maine, "God speed." 

I am very truly yours, 

Samuel Fessexden. 

letter from john ward dean. 

New England Historic Genealogical Socn 1 v. 

18 Somerset Street, Huston, Mass., July 1st, 1886. 
Hon. Charles J. Chapman, 

Chairman of the Centennial Committee, Portland, Maine. 

Dear Sir: It would give me great pleasure to accept your kind 
invitation to attend the Centennial celebration of the incorporation 
of Portland as a town, to be held on the 4th of this month and the 
two following days; but I find that I shall be obliged to deny myself 
this pleasure. I feel a deep interest in everything pertaining to 
Portland, where I spent my boyhood, and where I received my edu- 
cation. I was a scholar in the Portland High School at its opening 
in January, 1S29, under its able principal, the Rev. Thomas Tenney. 
Though it is many years since I resided there, I have man}- friends 
and relatives in Portland and its vicinity, whom it would be pleasant 
to meet, particularly on an occasion like this — an occasion which I 
have no doubt will do honor to all concerned in it. 

1 shall always rejoice in the prosperity of the city in which I spent 
so many pleasant years, and shall take pride in it for having given to 
the nation such writers as Longfellow, Willis. Xeal and others of 

national reputation. 

Respectfully yours, 

John \Vari> Dean. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



LETTER FROM PHINEAS BARNES. 



365 



309 Shady Lane, 
Pittsburg, East End, July 8th, 1886. 
John T. Hull, Esq. 

Dear Sir : Your favor of June 30th was received yesterday after 
an absence from home of a few days. I am glad to know that I was 
thus remembered by your committee as a Portlander, although I left 
Portland nearly twenty-five years ago. I am glad also to see that so 
many pleasant things were said and done in commemoration of the 
historical season in the old city's record, and certainly should have 
been glad to join in them, if it had at all been practicable for me to 
have done so. 

Yours most truly, 

P. Barnes. 



LETTER FROM ELIZABETH OAKES SMITH. 

New Berne, North Carolina, June 29th, 1886. 

Hon. Charles J. Chapman and Committee of Arrangements 
for the Centennial Celebration of the 4TH, 5TH and 6th 
of July, 1886. 

Gentlemen : It is with profound regret that I find myself com- 
pelled to forego the pleasure I had anticipated in accepting the 
invitation you had honored me with, to be with you on that august 
occasion of the 4th, 5th and 6th of July, and as the guest of the 
city. 

I appreciate fully the honor done me, and have proceeded forty 
miles on my way to this Mecca of my heart, when circumstances 
beyond my control, presented obstacles not to be overcome, and I 
am hindered in my pilgrimage. 

I hope you are sorry, but your regret cannot bear the proportion 
of a tithe compared to mine. I had so desired to see old White 
Head again, and the beautiful harbor, and look upon familiar scenes 
again ; and to see the people who do not " put hot and rebellious 
liquors to the blood" to "steal away the brain." 

I wanted to feel as Rob Roy did, when with a stamp he said, " My 
foot is on my native heath, and my name is McGregor." 

I had so much to see and to learn and to say as your " oldest 



366 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

inhabitant," whose reminiscences extend so far back — when there 
were no steamers nor railways ; and I wanted not only to see but be 
seen by this new beautiful "generation arisen " which does not forget 
"Joseph;" and, more than this, I was more than willing to take a 
sprinkling drop or two from the vast shower of glory falling upon my 
beloved city. 

This cannot be, and I resign myself to that endurance in which it 
is said we women excel. If you could express to the people in some 
sort the sorrow I naturally feel not to be with them on the pro- 
posed occasion, it would greatly enhance my obligations to you. 
With great respect, truly yours, 

Elizabeth Oaki s Smith. 

Capt. Washington Ilslcy, of Limerick, Me., regretted, 
under date of July ist, that on account of ill-health he 
was unable to attend. 

Other interesting letters that were received, were from 
Livingston L. Baker of San Francisco, H. B. Bartol of 
Philadelphia, Stillman B. Allen of Boston, Rev. Joseph 
Cummings, d. d., President of the North Western Uni- 
ity, Evanston, Illinois; Gen. Romaine B. Ayres, U. 
S. Army; S. K. Marston, President Inter-State Grain 
Association, Onarga, Illinois; Nathan Sawyer, Boston; 
James M. Dodge, Millburn, Illinois, formerly a teacher 
of the colored school in Portland; Rev. Amos N. Free- 
man, New York, who was the pastor of the Abyssinian 
church from 1841 to 1851; Austin Willey, Northfield, 
the distinguished anti-slavery advocate in Portland in 
former years; Hon. Joseph M. Day, Brockton, Mass.; 
Elizabeth Akers Allen, Ridgewood, N. J.; Hon. John 
L. I hues, Boston; Alden J. Blethen, general manager 
of The Tribune, Minneapolis, Minn.; Parker Williams, 
editor of Daily Register, Hudson, N. Y. ; Capt. Win. C. 
Manning, I'. S. A., Fort Mackinac, Mich.; Maria J. C. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 



367 



Beckett, Shenandoah County, Virginia; D. S. Trow- 
bridge, Greenwich, Conn,; Granville Carter, Brooklyn, 
N. Y. ; Rev. J. C. Stockbridge, Providence, R. I.; Miss 
Etta S. Quincy, Los Angelos, Cal. ; Rev. William E. 
Gibbs, Buffalo, N. Y.; Charles J. Kent, Louisville, Ky.; 
C. M. Loring, President of the Chamber of Commerce, 
Minneapolis, Minn.; Hon. Charles Levi Woodbury, 
Boston; Mrs. Charlotte F. Boynton, Calistoga, Cal., who 
is eighty-six years of age (she is a daughter of the late 
Samuel Freeman, who was one of Portland's most dis- 
tinguished citizens); William Ross, Philadelphia; Rt. 
Rev. Wm. S. Perry, Bishop of Iowa, formerly rector of 
St. Stephen's; Edward C. Upham, Montgomery, Vt. ; 
Granville Loud, Baltimore, Md.; Edward S. Williams, 
St. Louis, Mo.; Hon. Asa P. Moore, Lisbon, Me.; John 
P. Neal, Chicago, 111.; David J. True, same; Cyrus H. 
K. Curtis, publisher of Home Journal, Philadelphia; 
Mrs. Lucretia D. Sewall, Freehold, N. J.; M. P. Wells, 
Marietta, O.; Rt. Rev. Benj. H. Paddock, Bishop of 
Massachusetts, a former rector of St. Luke's; Rt. Rev. 
Thomas M. Clark, Bishop of Rhode Island, a former 
rector of old St. Paul's ; George A. Churchill and 
Lewellyen Deane, Washington, D. C; Rev. J. K. 
Richardson, pastor of Central square Baptist church, 
East Boston; E. M. Stackpole, Galveston, Tex.; John 
Bailey, Washington, D. C; Mrs. Edward E. Shead, 
Eastport, Me.; N. L. Nelson, of the Sioux Coituty 
Herald, Orange City, Iowa ; Mrs. Henrietta M. Cruger, 
Houston, Tex.; Martin Bradish, Eastport, Me.; James 
C. Fernald, Garrettsville, O.; Maj. J. P. Jordan, Boston; 
Prof. E. B. Smith, Andover, Mass.; A. P. Stone, Spring- 
field, formerly teacher of the Portland High School; 



368 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

Wm. H. Fessenden, Riverside, Cal. ; Wm. L. Kent, 
Brooklyn, N. Y.; George M. Brooks, New York; Gen. 
A. P. Martin, Boston; W. Storer Howe, Philadelphia, 
and many others of the sons and daughters of Portland, 
returning their thanks for the invitations, expressing a 
great interest in the proposed celebration, and regretting 
their inability to be present on the occasion. 

CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE NAVY DEPARTMENT 
RESPECTING THE NORTH ATLANTIC SQUADRON. 

A letter was sent by the Mayor to Rear Admiral 
Jouett, commanding the North Atlantic squadron, then 
stationed at New York Harbor, extending an invitation 
for himself, officers and crews of the ships under his 
command to participate in the Centennial anniversary 
celebration, and the following reply was received: 

North Atlantic Station, 

U. S. Flagship Tennessee (ist Rate), 

New York Harbor, June 3d, 1886. 
John T. Hull. Esq., 

Clerk of Committee, room 18, City Hall, Portland, Me. 
Sir : My thanks are due to his Honor, the Mayor, and yourself, 
for the kind imitation to participate in the ceremonies of July 4th, 
5th and 6th. I would be only too happy to bring the squadron under 
my command to Portland at that time, but all such matters are in the 
hands of the Honorable Secretary of the Navy. I would advise you 
to communicate with the Navy Department. 

Very respectfully, 

J vs. E. J"i 1 

Rear Admiral Cotnd\ U. S. Naval I ■ North Atlantic Station. 

\ letter was sent by the Mayor to the Hon. William 

C. Whitney, Secretary of the Navy, requesting that the 

Is comprising the squadron might be authorized to 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 369 

take part in the celebration, and the following reply was 
received : 

Navy Department, 

Washington, June 8, 1S86. 

Sir : I beg leave to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 
5th inst. stating that the people of the City of Portland propose to 
celebrate in an appropriate manner its Centennial anniversary on 
July 4th, 5th and 6th next, and requesting that the vessels comprising 
the North Atlantic Squadron be directed to be present at Portland 
on the days mentioned to participate in the celebration. 

In reply I have to say that at this date it will be impossible to say 
whether it will be practicable to comply with the request; but should 
it be found possible, and the Squadron be in the vicinity of Portland 
at the time above mentioned, the Department will be glad to have it 
rendezvous at that place for the celebration as requested. 

Very respectfully, 

W. C. Whitney, 

Secretary of the A T avy. 
His Honor, Charles J. Chapman, 

Mayor of the City of Portland, Maine. 

Subsequently, by an order of the Secretary of the 
Navy, the vessels were ordered to Portland, where 
they rendered efficient aid in the celebration, and the 
following acknowledgment of the services of the fleet 
was extended by the Mayor: 

City of Portland, 

Mayor's Office, July 9th, 1886. 
Admiral Luce, Commanding North Atlantic Squadron. 

My Dear Sir: In behalf of the city, as well as personally, I 
desire to express hearty acknowledgment to yourself and the Naval 
Brigade under your command, for the most valuable services rend- 
ered in our recent Centennial parade ; also to compliment the officers 
and men on the splendid appearance which they made on that 
occasion. 

24 



370 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

I heir participation was a source of exceeding interest and gratifi- 
cation to our citizens, while the display of the Brigade in a military 
point of view excited universal admiration and praise. 

Thanking you again personally for your kindly offices, acknowledg- 
ing the load of obligations under which you have placed us, and 
extending our cordial thanks to Captain Woodward and eacli of the 
officers and men under your command. I have the honor to remain. 

Yours respectfully, 

(has. J. Chapman, Mayor. 

This acknowledgement was extended to the Fleet by 
Admiral Luce, and the officers, sailors and marines of 
the vessels of the North Atlantic Squadron at that time 
in this harbor were highly pleased with the publishing 
of the following General Order which was issued to 
the fleet by their Commander-in-Chief : 

U.S. Flagship Tennessee, 

Portland, Me., July 14, 1886. 
General Order. 

The Commander-in-Chief of the North Atlantic Squadron takes 
great pleasure in transmitting herewith to the several ships of this 
command a letter from his Honor, the Mayor of Portland, as well as 
for himself their appreciation ot the services rendered by the Naval 
Brigade on the occasion of the late Centennial parade. The organi- 
zation of the Brigade, the creditable appearance and conduct of the 
officers, seamen, marines, and boys while on shore, and their orderly 
return to their respective ships taken together, furnishes very gratify- 
ing evidence of the discipline and efficiency of the squadron. 

S. B. Lu< 1 . 
Rear Admiral, U. S Va . < mvianding l~. S. Naval /■■ 

North Atlantic Squadron. 

\\ a meeting of the City Council in convention, held 

January 4, [886, the following communication from the 
Mayor was read : 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 371 

Gentlemen of the City Council: 

July 4th, 18S6, is one hundred years since the incorporation of the 
Town of Portland. That the day and event should receive the 
proper recognition that it deserves, I would most respectfully recom- 
mend a special committee of the City Council, to be appointed, to 
bring it early in the spring to the attention of our successors in office. 

J. W. Deering, Mayor. 

NOTE. — Referred to on p. 17. 

On motion of Councilman Shaw, the committee was 
ordered to be raised in each body separately- The 
committee appointed were : The Mayor, Aldermen 
Noyes and Prince, Councilmen Woodbury, Hobbs and 
Beale. 1 

No report was made from this committee. 



THE ORGANIZATION OF PORTLAND. 

The meeting to organize the Town of Portland was 
held at the meeting-house of the First Parish, upon the 
9th day of August, 1 786. 

"It was opened with prayer by the venerable Parson Smith, then 
eighty-five years of age, and in the fifty-ninth of his ministry. 
Enoch Freeman was chosen moderator, and John Frothingham 
clerk; John Fox, Nathaniel Deering and Peleg Wadsworth, select- 
men ; and James Lunt, Eben Preble and Peter Warren, assessors. 
Thus was Portland organized and commenced its career as a distinct 
incorporative. It was and is in territory the smallest in the State." 

1 City Records — vol. 22, p. 255. 

Note.— Reference from page 2^\. John T. Walton, of Portland, is the oldest 
member of the Common Council, being a member in 1832 (the year Portland 
became a city). William D. Little was a member from 1841 to 1850. Joseph 
Brooks was a member in 1840-41, and Wm. G. Kimball in 1S50-51. 






CORRESPONDENCE, LETTERS, ETC., SENT 01 I 
AM) RECEIVED. 

Engraved [nvitation Cards and Circulars sent t-i 

Special invitations, i '7 

Letters and po sent i- 

1 1 igh School cards, 1,200 

7,518 

I .etters rei 1 h ed l «53° 

Postals "• 337 



INDE 



NAMES AND PLACES. 



Aaronson. 144 

Sbbott, is. 21, 22, 23, 27 

28, 39, 42, 84, 98, 116,216, 

230, 232, 360 
Abenaki. 138 

Abysinnian Church, 191, 

366 
Arabians. 132 

Acton. Me., 134 

Adams. 18, 22, 27, 29, 40, 

86, 86, 91, 110, 116, 117. 

2:i7, 313, 340 
Advertiser, Portland, 

223, 284, 311, 316,357,358, 

359, 361 
Africa. 166,283 

Albany, 36,362,363 

Alderaien,18,2l,27,32,37 
Alexandria. 284 

Algiers, 166 

klleghanies, 283 

Allen. 41,260,366, 

Allen mission, 31, 111, 

112, 119, 219, 221, 260 
A 1 ward. 85 

America, 66, 136, L38, 142, 

283, 287, 289 
Amherst College, 80 
[nderson,29, 121,213,219, 

231, 260, 323 
Andover, 80, 82, 86, 92, 367 
Andrade, 230 

Andrews, 68, 139 

Appendix, 345 

Appleton.35,154,189,231, 

323 
Archer, '■' 

Archives, 21 

Argus, Daily, 12, 224,258, 

316 
Artillery, 213, 215, 226, 228 



Bach, 
Back Cove, 

13, 291 
Bacon, 
Badges, 
Bagaduce, 
Baj 



215, 228 
107 
9 
28, 31, 32, 51, 

283, 349 
129 



Ashbridge, 

Asluiry. 
Atkins. 
Atkinson, 

222 
Atlantic, 

At w 1. 

Auburn, 38, 215, -Hi. 222. 

231, 335 
Auburn Lighl Infantry, 

'_' . i I 
Augusta, 37,38,39,215, 

216, 230, 346, :i17 
Austin, 260 

Avery, i: ' 

Avers. 35,366 



156 

7. 8, 11. 12, 

135, 137, 296 
29 

282 
li, 7. 77, 150 
Bailey. 31, 60, 66, 112, 217, 

261, 367 
Bain, 31,32,51 

Baird, 1-17 

Baker, 39, 40, 63, 86, 111. 

113, 213, 22(1. 2211. 261, 

314, 366. 
Baldwin, 331 

Ball, s -* 

Ballard, 215 

Ballmi, 126 

Baltimore, 37, 44. 60, 107, 

14::. 359, 367 
Bands. 24, 214, 215, 218, 

219,221,222, 224,226,229, 

237, 239, 241, 243, 267, 
1 27::. 312, 313 
Bangor, 36, 37, 38, 30, 45, 

120, 166, 230, 231, 27:;, 

313, 314, 547 
Banks. 262 

Banners, 50,53,54 

Baptist, churches, 118, 

119, 120, 122-124. 12;"., 

206, 2117. 266, 367. 
liar Assneial Ion, 
Bar Harbor, 
Barr, 

Barbary, Pirates' 
Barberry (reek, 
Barbour, 



Babb. 
Babcock. 



231, 340 



Barker, 

Barnes. 36, 113, 213 

365 
Barrett, 
Barrow s, 
Bartol. 
Barstow, 
Bash lord, 
Batchelor, 



Bean, 

Beaumont 

Beck, 

Becked. 

Beckwith. 

Beeeher, 

Beeman iBemam 

Belfast, Me., 

Belknap, 

Benson, 

Berrv, 

Bertolette, 

Best, 

Bethel, 

Bethel church 

Beverly, 

Bibber. 

Bicknell, 

Biddefoi 

2::;,. 239 
Biddeford 

tantr\ , 216 
Bilboa,' 
Billings, 

Bisbee, 

Biscay, 
Bispham, 
Bixby, 
Blabon, 

Blackmail. 
Blackstrap, 
Blaine, 
Blaisdell, 



213, 219 
213, 216. 231 
36, 349, 366 

20s 

105, 208, 209 

109 



Bates College, 38, 346 

Bath. 38, :;'.', mi, 139, 141, 

142, 230 
Bath Ligh! Infantry, 30, 

217, 230 
Baton Rouge, 197 

Battery, 213,226,230 

Bayley, 87, 154, 157 

Baxter. 261,288 

Beal (Beale, Beals), 18, 

[9, 22, 2::, 27. 29, 105, 113, 

121, 208, 223, 231, 274, 

313, 314, 370, ::71 



16, 222. 262 

97 

121 
323, 3( 7 

si; 

so, 110 

82, 85 

38, 39 

22:; 

213 

85, 217 

214. 22S 

222 

:,47 

38, 83, 99 

152, H 7 

220 



d. 38, 211:. 



130 
231, 



Light In- 

307 

150, 157-60 

126, 20;,. 21ii 

307 

21."., 22! I 

38, 230 

240. 21 1 

117 

304 

38 

78 



Blake, 83, 111. 213, 216, 

223 
Blanchard, 40, 125 8, 150, 

154, 159, 20:,, 271. 280 
Bid hen, 3C6 

Blood, I''-' 

Blue Point, 44 

Boardman, 38, 230 

Board of Trade, 221, 201 
Bodge, 22:: 

Bodwell, 38,231,312 

Bolles. 36, 12c. 127, 27::, 

313, 314, 525 
Bolster, 



Bolton, 
Bond, 
Boody, 
Bootes, 

Boothby, 
Bordeaux. 



210 

sr, 

77 

323 

215, 220 

:;7. 230, 314 
132 



Boston, 0. s. 35 38, 15, 
72, 70, 01, 134, i::."', 137, 
139,141, 1 12, 147. 154, 157, 
192,201, 218,231,235,259, 
2S4.2S.',, 286,290,293,294, 
313,31 1,328, 335,349,351, 
,8, 364, 366, 367, 368 



Boston A: Maine B. R., 

27.0, 21 2 
Bosworth, 123 

Bourne, s;: 

Boutelle. 38,346 

Bowdoin. 1" 

Bowdoin College, 38, 231, 

27::. 335, 341 . 3! 1 
Bowen, 28 

Bowers, 38, C6, 313 

Boyd, 0. 30, 36, 48, 40, 
(•;:. 81, 199, 213, 229, £30, 
335 
Bovntoii. 105-107, 3P7 

Boxer, 220, 2(3, '.s-.i. 257 
Brackett, 31, El, 21:;. 2C9, 

282, 290, 291 
Bradbury, 38, 191, 215,231, 

274, 346, 247 
Bradlee, 116 

Bradley, 3J, 36, El, 2J2, 350 
Braiiihall, 200, '.is. 269, 
2S1, 2ss. 202. 298, 301,349 
Bray. 215 

Brazier, 9 

Bresnan, 240 

Brest. 136 

Brewer, 24:; 

Brieketi, 217. 

Bridgeport, 92 

Bridges, 7, 10, 14 

Bridgewater, ico 

Bridgton, 231 

Briggs, 22. 27. 28, 20. 51, 

222 
Brimfield, 80 

British Provinces, 43 
Brockton, 366 

Brooklyn. 36, 37, 135, 154. 

271. 314, 317, 367, 368 
Brooks. :;7,. :;i;. 154,219,231, 
312, 314,324,326,356, 257. 
571 
Brown, 25.25. 27, 50.52, 
35, 83, 85, 2110. 214. 217, 
2is. 210. 231, 255, 236, 
257, 260, 261, 21.7, 514, 
525 

Brunswick, 119, 218, 349, 

351 

Bryant, 216 

Buckley, 270-272 

Buffalo, 45. 127. 367 

Bur-ess, 22. 25.27. 28, 29, 

55. 51;, 50, 55, IS. 69, 140, 

153 160, 166, 167, 171. 172, 

175. 274. 313, 557, 3C8 

Burgoyne, 284 

Burleigh, 240 

Burnam, 9 



374 



INDEX. 



Burns, 


77 


Burr, 


126, 111 


Barrage, 


19, 20 


BurrilT, 


37, •-'•■in 


Burroughs, 5 


7. 74, 215, 


282, 290 




Burrow es, 


219 


Button, 


332 


Buxton, 


332 



Cadets, 30,217,220 

340 
Cady, 219,272 

Cahoon, 109, 164 

Calais, 37, 38, 39, 15, 197, 

230, 347 
Caldwell, 

Calhoun, 188, 189, 192,297 
California, 36, 37, 231, 

367, 
Calistoga, 367 

(ah ary Cemetery, 137 
Cambridge, 36, ::7, 65, 

142, 154, 231, 273,310,31 I 
Cammett, 9 

Campbell, 37, 230 

Canada, 34, 147, 241, 293, 

294, 318 
Canceau, 234 

Caul. mi. 309 

Cape Elizabeth, 6 

- . 89, 104, 118, 1 15, 

231, 242, 278, 349, 357 
Capehart, 215,228 

< !ape Porpoise, 280 
Capital Guards, 216 
Carl. •inn. 240,311 
Carlton, 121 
Carney, 220,200 
Carpenter, 36, 92, 154, 

231, 274, ::i». 317 
• airmail. '-'•"•1 

Carter, 36, 231, 273, 313, 

315, 316, 367 
Cartland, 51 

Carruthers, 80, 81, 85, 91, 

92, 96, '.i7. 99, 100, 191 
Casco, 12,232,329,336 

< !asco Bank, 

Casco Bay, 7,8, 11, 13, 13, 
138, 263, 277, 30 

Casco street church, : n 

Cash, 

Casley, 219 

Castine, 

< 'atarad engine, 256, 257 
Cathedral, i. C, 131, 135, 

136, 137 
Cathedral, St. Luke's, 

69, 7" 
Catholic, 131-138,207 

Iry, 213 

Cavazza, -77 

i a\ our, 190 

Ceylon, 
Chadwick.62,63, i 

261, 21 
Chaindolpb, 
Chainliii lain 219 

uplin, 120,261 

Champney, i in 

Chandler, 121, 171. 324 
Channing, 60 

Chapman, Mayor, 17. 18, 

12, i 



Chapman, 11. L., 231, 312, 
313 

< 1 1 : 1 1 > 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 . i;.\ . Dr., 67 
Chapel Society, SI 
Chapin, 7n 
Charles ll. 281 
Charlestown, i 
Chase, 23, 28, 29,31, 10,53, 

54, 8 .. 117. 150, l * 

237, 261, 262, 299, 331, 340 
Chelsea, 36, it 

( henerj . 260 

Cheney, 38, 346 

Cherrvfleld, 37, 230 

Chester, 230 

Chestnut St. M. E.C.,85, 

110, 113, 204 
Cheverus, 132 

Chicago, 93, 100, 367 

Chickering, 36, 86, 90, 91, 

94,95,97, 154, 191,206,231, 

271 

Chief Marshal, 30, 31, 47. 

18, 19, 50, 53, 54, 213 
child. 7,72 

Choate, 216,341 

Church, Major, 21 

291-293 
Church of England, 58, 

ill. 65, 67, 71. 71. 90, H>7 
Church of Messiah, 131 
Churchill, 

Cincinnati, 142 

City Building, is. 48, 262, 

269 
City Council, 1, 17, 18, 20, 

21,33,343,370,371 
( ii \ i . .\ ernment, 17-20, 
I, 71, 95, 154,226, 333 
( ii\ Guards, 304 

Citj Hall, 20, 24, 25, 

33, 12. 13, 149, 153, 17:;. 

177, 189,212,226,259, 263, 

27:;. 312, 313,339,343,348, 

Citj Hotel, 262 

< n\ ..t Richmond, 312 
Clam Bake, 24, 311, 312 

< Lapboard Island, 282, 

Clapp, 262,323 

Clark, 17. 18,50,67,73, 101, 

112, 113, 115, 116, lis. 164, 

174, 178,204,212,213, 220, 

22::, 260, 269,292,293,323, 

367 

Clary, 272 

Clay, 2:17 

Cleeve, (Cleave! 21s. 232, 

2:;:!. 2 in. 261,265, 268,278, 

• ■. 290 

Clement, 261 

Cleveland, 37 

1 ILfford, 218, 219 

Closson, 219 

1 loves, 

Cobb. 103, 189, 199, 241 
1 obburn, 1 12 

< oduian, 7. 9, 
Coffin, 121,234 
Cogawesco, 306 

'in, 220 

Colby, 111,122,262 

Colbj fTniversitj 
Colcord, 121 

Cole, 

Coleman, 141,323 

Colesworthy, 36, 44, 220, 

Columbus, 138 



( !olumbus Juncl Ion, :;7. 

II. 203, 351 
Commercial 1 ra\ elers, 

243 
Common < louncil, 18, 21, 

313, 371 

<■ :ord, 37, 16, 349 

Condit, 78, 80 

Cone, 117 

( !ongregal lonalists, 69, 

60, 70, 76, 83, -1. 85, 87, 

94, 95, 96, 99, 206 
( ongress Hall, 266 

Conley, 219, 270, 272 

Conlon, 260 

Connecticut, 36, 92, 158, 

61,364, Wt 
Connellan, 21s. 2m 

Connor, 15 

< lonstant Inople, 68, 27;; 
Contents, 3 

Convent Schi 10I, 137 
Converse, 119 

Conway, 240 

Coolidge, 127 

Cooke, 113 

( orej . 31, m. 260 

Cornelia 11., 271 

Corning, 217 

( lorrespondence, 
Corser, 29, 154, 
Cotton, 156 

Courier, Daily, 339 

Court, 106,316 

Cox, 18, 27,28, 29, 111, 112, 

232 
Coj le, 28, 113, 150, : 
Craft, 72 

Cram, 85,341 

Crandall, 109 

Crease, 134 

Crockett, 240,256 

Cromwell, 280,281 

Crosley, 129,274 

(r..ss,' 82,200,321 

Crosser, 117. 1 1>. 314 

Cruger, 367 

Cumberland, 8, 9, II, 15, 

90, 110, 124, 272. 273,331, 

339 
Cummings, « 

260, 
Oman. 219 

Curl is. 96, 97, 98, 12:;. 367 
Cushing, 27. 28, 29, 32, 51, 

257, 261 
Cnshing's Island, 278, 

282, 290, 312 
Cushing's Point, 303 
Cushman, 
custom House wharf, 

270, 311, :;12 
Cutler, 
( utter, Bl 



Dakota, 
Dally, 

Da II on. 69, 71. 17.!. 

187, 193, 206, 31 1 
Dam. 

Damarlscotta, 138 
1 lamascus, 

Dana. 19, 21 

154, 205, 213, 2l7.2(;n 
1 lams, 
Danforth, 

Daniels, 76, 177 

Dartmouth College, 

B0, 142 
Da\ ■ is. 



I I 
176, 

29 

:;il 

93, 
262 
146 

1 ... 
203 
79, 



Da\ is. :.. 11. 28, 11,68, 116, 

216,219, 240, 260,271,272, 

325 
Day, 112, 213, 

Deane, 1 1,36, 58,59 

361, 364, 367 
Deblois, 
Decorations, 28, ! 

264 
Deerlng, 6, 9, 29,38 

103, 104, 131, 137, 1 

262, 313, 371 
Deering's, 24, 28, 33, 11, 

200, 2..;. 291 

349, 363 



Deland, 


262 


Delaney, 




1 )cla 


ins 


1 li'llisoll. 


219 


Dennett, n>4. 


189, 348 


Dennis, 


272 


Dent, 


214 


l tesmond, 


219 


DeVebber, 




Devon, 


307, 308 


Dewey, 27 




261, 313, 314 




D.-U ill. 


260 


Dickinson, 




Dike. 


142 


I Dillingham, 


31, 51 


Diuglej . 




1 >irig< is. 


272. 27:; 



Disi rici ol Columbia, 154 

231, 314, 323, 346, 
Dodge, 108, 2ns. 31 1. ..... 

Dogen, 228 

Doherty, 2( 1 

Dole, 38, 77. 230, 261, 314j 

325 
Donahue, 271.272 

Donnell, 223,260 

1 ley, 21:1 

Dorchester, 139 

Doughty, 216 

Douglass, 1-. 19, 81, 213, 

261, 266, :;I7. :;|s 
Dow. 2n. in:;. |04, 17.;. 17:.. 

179, 186, is;. 189,2 

2ns. 257,260,261,296, 313, 

316, ::I7 
Doyen, 214 

Doyle, 2it 

Drake, 

Dresden, 66 

Dresser, 
DrlnkM 
Drum c..rps. 
Drummond, M), 260 

Drvden, 121 

I >iil>. .is. 214, 227 

Dudley, 
Dugan, 
Dunbar, 

Dunham, 51, 102, 1 
154 

I > M 1 1 1 : 1 1 ■ . 

Ininn.s |22, ' 

Dunnrll, 
I nirani block, 
Duren, US 

Dwight, 82,91,97,191 

Boston, 
Eastman, 11. 217. . 
I iistport, 16, 132, I 
Eastern Cenieterj 

s|. 104, 127. |s| 
Eastern Promenade, 210 



IXDEX. 



375 



Eaton, 122, 123, 162, 220, 

261 
Edson, 2lii 

Edwards. 38, 86, 184, 185, 

324, 347 
Elder, .-it;. ;;i4. 319, 320 
Eldridge, 215 

Elizabeth, X. J., 314 

EUestad, 146 

Ellington, 159 

Elliot, 214,210 

Ellis, 32, 151, 221 

Ellsworth, 36, 37, 39, 83, 

121, 214, 22S. 230 
Emblems, 29 

Emerson. 80, si 

Emery, 63, 107, 140, 154, 

231, 261, 313, 525 
Empire state, 333 

Engine houses, 260, 262, 

480 
England, 64,66, 71, 74, 75, 

78, 188, 25s. 27.i. 281, 289, 

295, 302, 353 
English. 87, 2!i2 

Enterprise. 263, 289, 557 
Episcopal, 57. 5:1, CO, 64, 

65, 07. (is. on. 71. 74, 82, 

ss. 90, 1(17, 202, 207 
Erie, 134 

Esles, 231 

Evans, 29, 30, 41, 221. 223, 

241, 242. 2:17 
Evanston. 300 

Evergreen < Jemetery, so, 

200,' 358 
Europe, 188, 189, 300, 335 
Eustis, '201 

Exchange Hall. 62, 189, 

315 
Exeter Academy, 142 
Express companies, 32, 

221, 243 

Faegre, 146 

Falmouth, 5-12, 13, 14, 

15, 17, 22, 38, 45, 57, 58, 

65, 66, 71. 75. 87, ss. 89, 

102, 103, lol. 106, 138, 

155, 263, 204. 208, 282, 

283, 290, 2:)1. 2:12. 298, 

308. 311. :;24. 326, 2..2.:Hi2 

Fargo, 43 

Farley, 313 

Farmer, 205 

Fan is worth, 222 

Farringtou, 30, 31. 37, 51, 

63, 04, 111, 110, 21:1, 230, 

202 

Fassett, 41, 144, 201 

Fellows, ir,o, 158 

Female, C. A., 204, 197 
Female. O. A., 205 

Female, I'. A., 1:17. 207 
Fenwick, 133, 135 

Fenn, 85, 86, 14!t. 152, 154, 
10S, 171, 200, 20i;, 274 

Fern. Fanny, 44 

Fernald, ' 38,218,367 
Fessenden, 20. 36,81, 189- 

1:12, 21.0, 297,316,323,348, 

363, 364, 368 
Fickett, 32,51,231 

Fillmore, 109 

Finnegan, 100 

Fire Department, 10. 21. 

30, 49, 200, 212, 221 
Fire Works, 24, 20, 33,34, 

20:1. 511 
Firsl Nat. Bank, 204 



First Parish, 7, 10, 57. 60, 

05, 00, 71, 70, 77, 7'.i. 90, 
102. 103. 153. 102.201.2SO. 

:;ti 
Firsl Regiment, 30, 22:* 
Fisher, 00 

Fitch, 03, 173, 174, 178, 201 

Fitzpatrick, 135 

Flagg, 41 

Flaherty, 272 

Flannagan, 214 

Flood, 134 

Florida, 04 

Flushing, 37, 46, 355 

Fobes, 127. 240. 274, 313 
Fore River, 7, 8, 13, 14,89, 

27s. 27!) 
Forsyth, 28 

FortLoyall, 205. 200. 282, 

202, 293 
Fort Mackinac, 3G6 

Fort Preble, 30 

Fosdlck, 

Foss, 240 

Foster, 113, 116, 189, 202, 

332 
Fowler, 41, 45 

Fox, 03, 133, 232, 261,371 
France. 120, 130, 188, 200, 

300, 335 

Francis, ill 

Frank, 201 

Franklin, 284 

Frates, 271,272 

Frederic! on. 353 

Free Baptist, 124, 125, 207 
Freehold, 307 

Freeman, <), 11, 14, 16,45, 

si. 85, 117, 141, 324, 325, 

300, 307. 371 
Freeport, 36,349 

French, 67,73,83, 132. 133, 

134, 190,217,265,269, 282, 

293 
Friends, (see Quakers), 

102, 105, ISO, 191,197, 207 
Friendly Inn, 45, 209 

Frohock, 41 

Frontenac, 293 

Frost, 9 

Frothingham, 7, 10, 15, 

16, :;oo. 571 
Five, 38; 207, 200, 315, 346 
Furbush, 200,324 

Gage, 201 

Galena, 227. 22s. 250 

Gallagher, 30, 210, 250 
Call wharf, 242 

Galveston, 197,367 

Galway, 152 

Gambier, O., 82 

Gardiner, 37. 50. 00, 130, 

139, 141, 217, 347 
Garland, 210 

Garrettsville, <>., 367 

Garris 187, 181), 190 

Gates, U4 

Gatlev, 22, 23, 20-2:1, 141, 

252. 515; 

General Court, 8-13, 15, 

57, 58, 60, 05, ss, 196 
Georgetown, Me., 103 
Gerrish, 23, 68, 139-142, 

240, 260, 261, 511 
German Schlesvlg, 146 
Gibbons, 275 

Gibbs, 121;, 127, 507 

Gibson, 65, H 

Gilchrist, 148 



Oilman. 63,323 

Gilmer, 215, 220 

Gilpin, 75,323,354 

Gilson, 30 

Glasgow, Scot., 21)7 

Glen Ellis Falls, 242 

Glen House, 221, 242. 258 
Globe, Portland, 225 

Goddard, 10, 20. 81, 141, 

325 

Goding, 40 

Goldeau, 338 

Goodall, 38,347 

Goodenow, 323 
Gooding, 9,77,107,108 

(iood Templars, 208 

Gookin, 98 

(J Iwill, 50, OS, 25.1, 254 

Goold, 51, 51. 07, 220, 2ss, 

201, 200, 314 

(lore, 02 

Gorges, 279,308 

Gorham, 37, 58, si. 01, 

50s, 535 

Gospel Mission. 146 

GOSS, 28, 52, 51 

Cosse. 204 

Goudy, 33,51 

Gould, 29, 30, 151,154, IOC, 

173, 170, 194, 266, 261 
Governor (Me.), 30, 37, 

225, 226, 230 
Cowan, 39,231 

Graham, 125 

Grand Army, 43,207,211, 

217, 220, 250 
Grand Trunk R. R., 29, 

135, 221, 241, 242, 250, 204, 
205, 270, 272. 270, 2S4. 500 

Grant, 190 

G rattan L. A., 221.240 
Graves, 254 

Gray, 200 

Great Eastern Whf., 270 
Greely, (Greele), 77, 205, 

272, 510 

Green, 48, 49, 81, 119, 148, 

213, 230, 273, 316 

Greenleaf, 67, 200, 55,5 
Greenough, 121, 125 

Greenport, 36, 333,335, 351 
Greenwich (Conn.), 307 
Gregg, 5.;, 154, 200, 231, 

275. 513 

Grenby, 231 

Griffin. 07,240 

Grimley, 267,268 

Cl-ol 103 

Groves, 214 

Guests, 26, 35, 37, 311-40 

Gulliver, 210 

Cuptill, 40, 230 



Hacker, 


105 


Hadley, 


62, 03 


Hadlock, 


217 


Haggett, 


211 


Haines, 


115, 252 


Hale, 


50, 5, 10 



Halifax, 75, 125, 352, 555 
Hall, 7, 0, 15, 105, 215, 222, 

201.2H2, 514, 552 
Hillock, 00, 101, 275, 515 
1 1 a Howell, 38, 39, 251 

Hamilton, 9, 41, 120, 127, 

332 
Hamlin, 36, 57. 38,81,230, 

261, 275, 511, 515,511,517 
Hammond, 202, 265 

Handel, 150, 100 



Hankhard, 216 

Hanson, 04, 121, 213, 231 
Harding, 9 

Harlow, 98 

Harmon, 217,220 

Harpswell.30.07, 102, 102, 
231. 273 

Hanison, 85 

Hart, 123 

Hartford, Conn., 158 

Hartley, 525 

Hartshorn, 83 

Harvard, 00, 72. 74, 107. 

144, 152, 171 

Haskell, 38, 40, 41, 123, 

210, 220, 251 
Haskell A Jones, 262 
Haslette, 85 

Hatch, 38,230 

Haverhill, 36, 231, 273, 

313, 315, 317, 357 
Hawes, 32,51 

Hawkes, 117, 213, 214 

Hawkins, 210 

Hay, 142,241,261 

Hayden, 38, 130, 131, 142, 

143, 150, 250 
Haydn Association, 160, 

171, 274, 275, 277, 200, 

310, 311 
Hayes, 69, 70, 71, 220, 306 
Healey, 131 

Heath, 106 

Hebrew, 144, 145, 189 

Hecker, 136 

Hedding, 109 

Hero, 295 

llcrsev, 41. 68, 129, 219, 

200, 274, 314 
Hersom, 261 

Hertel, 203 

Heseltine. 216 

Higgins, 26, 220, 239, 240, 

261 
High street church, 85, 

86, 00, 01, 04, 07, 00, 1O0 
Hill, 40, 51, 57, 58, 60, 63, 

155,, 154,173,174,178, 17;), 

181, 215, 215, 273 
Hilliard, 06, 67,72,74, 335 
Hillside, 86 

Hincks, 92,100 

Hindle, 332 

Historical, 19, 25, 234, 264 
Hobart, 111,204 

Hobbs, 18, 22, 27, 29, 232, 

261, 5,13,371 
Hobby, 9 

Hobson, 32 

Hodgdon 257 

Hodson, 262 

Hodsdou, 129 

Hogan, 216 

Hogg, 234 

llolden, 115, 140, 157, 158, 

20S. 310, 525 
Holmes, 240 

Holland, 165 

Holllngway, 154 

Hollywood, (i\.C.)37,44, 

550 

Holt, 261 

llolstein, 146 

Home, 205,261 

Homer, 100, 107, 108 
Hooper, and others. 200 

Hope, 00, 72 

Horr, 214 

Horton, 103, 104, 111, 

Hosley, 228 



1TG 



INDEX. 



Hospital, 

Hostey, 

Houghton, 

Houston, 

Howard, 



137 

j 1 1 

32, :«l(i 

307 

30, 73 



Howe, 153, 163, 172, '-'lii. 

;;> 8 
Howes, 12C1 

Hubbard, 106, I 12 

Hudson, 36, 13, i 

273, 313, 363, 31 6 
Hughes, 260 

Hull, 1,1!), 20.22, 28 

13, II. 55, 181, 

240, 

365, 
Htime, 220 

Humphrev, 260 

Hunnewell, ill 

Hunt, 208,260,274,213,313 
Hurd, 41 

Hunted, HI 

Huston, 219 

II, ;se\ . I"-. 104, In:' 

Hyde," 
ll ^drogen engim 



72, 77. 
231, 310, 325, 

207 
I, 104, 

267, 268, 269, 

I, .;.;::. 

214, 215 

283, 292 

9, 77. 81, 231, 

7:;. 203, 367 
117 
221 
24,29, 

87, 117. 132, 
102,311, 

i:ni 



1 1-1. \ . 7,9,36 

81, 107. 121, 

354, •■' G 
India, 
Indians, 57, 

132, 133, 207 

233, 

282,291-294, 

335 
Infant rv, 
lugersol, 
lugrahaui, 

266, 314 
Iowa, 

1 1 -i I i lid. 

I \. I; Vbso 
Islands, 12, 

10, II. 65, 

137, 290,291 
. .:::. 335 
Italy, 

Jack, 36, 154, 231,240, 273, 

313, 326, 352, 353 
Jack !><>« uing, •'-".'■' 

Jackson, G9, 84, 200, 257, 

261, 3 
Jacksonville, Fla., 85 
Jamcstow ii. i- ; 

Jefferson, 

Jeffersonian, 311 

Jeffersonville, 197 

Jenkins, 80,82 

Jenne, in 

Jenks, '.'.77. 83, 139, 151, 

159, 160 
.l.i ii-. 331 

.1. Ills. 

Jewell, 214,261 

Jewett, 9, 62, 77 
Jewish church, i ll 

Johnson, 15,214,297 

Join, -I. .ii. 207 

.) is, ll. 15, I":;, 112, 113, 

21 I 
Jordai 

Josselyn, 

. i. .ii. ii. 

,li.\ in 21 I 

.Inn. I. 146 



Kavanagh School, 

135-37 
Keith, 

Kcllcl lll.lll. 

Kellych, 
Kelley, 

Kellogg, 36, 77. 79,"82 
., 149, 151, 154, 

166, 172, 182,21 1,231, 
31 I 
Kendall, 

Kennebec, 89, 

Kennebunk . 
I. 231 
Kent, 19, 27,28, 29, 

340, .:. 
Kent nek \ . 
Kriiw ml Ii y , 
Ketchuni, 
Keyes, 
Kibbv, 
Kidder, 
K ill. ..in n. 
Kill. urn. 
Kimball, 

31 1. 325, 



71. 76, 



129, 

131 

7:i 

123 

. 97, 

161, 

273, 

216 

122, 

367 
261 

mi. 
1 12 
109 



\ I. 



9, 257 



371 



109 

214 

:'. 21 1. 231. 



King, 29, 32, 36, 37 
154, 21 1,220,230,231, 
273, 274, 302,311,313, 

Kingsbury, 

King's t li;i pel, 

Kinlej . 

Klndey, 271, 

man, 
Kirby James, 
K i rkpal rick. 
Knight, 38,230,260, 
Knights <>l Pj iliias, 

220, 221, 239, 240 
Know lluii. 
Knox, 89, 

Kohling, 

Kotzschinar, 28, 1 19, 
-74 

Ladd, 39, 116, 

LaFarge, 
I. .iin. mi. 
Lam son, 
Lancaster, 
Lane, 

Lang, 22, 
. i, 313 
I. apham, 1 17. 154, 
Lappin, 
Larrabee, 40, 260, 

331, 
l,.-i\\ rence, M 
Law rence < Jarrison, 

293 



143, 
314, 



28 
272 

62 
261 
261 
30, 

21 1 
■j'.'ii 
260 
150, 



32, 51, 
Ml'. 162, 



Libbj . 

213, 262, 313, 31 t,317, 
.;. 325-328, 332, 

349 
Liebe, 
Ligonia, 280, 

Lighl I se, 

Limerick, Me., 36, 
Lincoln. 122, 189, 190, 
I. inn, in Park,32,225, 

260, 267 
Lindsay, 109, 

Lis .' Me., 

Little, 48, 19, C8, 74, 

76, 139, 140, 111. 

154, 213, 231, 236, 

312, 314, 324. 371 
Littlefield 
Liverpool, S 
l.i\ ingstone, 
Locke, 
Lombard, 
London, Eng., 71. 

256, 299, 302, 352 
Longfellow, 36, 1 1. 

208,231,265, 

324, 3; 
Lo;vg, 38, 23 

Long r, .n.l. 
Looney, 
Lord, 39, 4 

260, 313 
Loring, 32, 51,261,262 
Loring, i hort \ Har 

in. .n. 
Los \ ngelos, Cal., 
l.onis\ ille, h v.. 
Loud, 



200, 


McDermott, 271 


319, 


McDonald, 36, 111, 116, 


333, 


1 is. 154, 240 




Mel II. 31,61 


227 


_M.| >.. ii. .null. 219, 231, 272 


I'M 


\l.l >. .well. 260 


334 


McElwell, 230 




McGee, 


316 


McGowan, -.'7. 28, 29, 232 


."jr.. 


McGregor, 230,365 




Mclntire, 240 



38, ll- 
215 



205, .us. 



Iin. Ill 



105, 106, 
220, 



Lai liam 

I. .-in. I. 

Leach, 

Lcathc, 

l.c.n iii. 100, 105, 115 

261 
I . i 

Leighton 
Leip: 

lieur, 
Leland, 
l.in.ii.l. 
I.coii.n.l. 
Level t, 
Le\ me 

Lew Is, 106, H'7. 1 1> 
Lew Lston, Mi 

39, 220, 230, 231, 239 
gton, M.i--.. 



347 
86 
345 
262 
165, 
81 
. 18, 

219 

216 
283, 

264 
292, 

260 

27'.' 

213 
154, 

11". 

?72 

1.7 

120 

II 



Lovell, 
Loveitt, 
Low, 
Lowden 

Low c. 
Lowell, 

.■;■-•:; 
Loyalists, 
Luce, 112, 
l.mit. 262 

I. ni lieran, 



124, 12£ 
I in. 153, 



in. 

7:.. 
Hi'. 

312 

11. 
•j.-;; 
230 
229 
203, 

296, 
,364 

L'SIl 
l!l 

231, 

262 
367 
367 
367 

11:; 
;. ;.i 
325 
154 
243 
172. 

352 

:i7u 
:;7i 
1 11. 



Marine Society, 196 

Mason, 39, 63, no. 1 11, 

151, 160 
Massachusetts, 5, ■ 
in. 12, I.".. .".7. • 

. 1. 88, 89, 149, 
154, l:m. 196, 231,21 
•J7;i. 281, 282,292, . 
31 1, 
Masurv, 9 

Mai her. 156 

Mathews, 121,218 

Mattocks, 
Mayor, 17 23 

10:'. 1 19,154,155,203, 
10, 278, 291, I 

;i (see 
< lhapman, 



Mi 


All. 






M. 


Aim. .11. 




-i 1 


Mi 


Alpine. 




11 


Mi 


\nla\. 




-1 


Mi 


Cabe, 




134 


Mi 


< anii. 


18, 


22, 27, 28, 


M« 


Carthy, 




261 


Mi 


Closkej 






Mi 


Cobb, 






M( 


( lusick 


Mi Ki 


i •. 347 







.McKcnnv. Is. 19, 112, 213 
McKinnon, 148 

McLaughlin, 71. 240, 
274, 313, 31 I 

McLean, '.'. 214. 227. 27:; 

McLellan, 
4s. ;.::. 1;:;. 72, 19( 
!30, 274, 333, :.:;"■. 351 



MeMalion. 

232, 272 
MeNamee, 
McNaught, 
McQuillan, 
M.W liiinii. 



22. I',, 2*. 

215 
123 



Mechanic Blues, 216 

Mechanics 129, 143, 

1 16, 14s 
Megquier, 31, 51, 11". 323 
Melcher, 30, 17. 50, 212, 

213, ■11':. 261 
Mellen, 266, 

Memphis (Tenn. i, 197 
Menish, 29,241,242 

Merrill, 32, 41, .".1. 1 -. .... 

si. s::. j 1 7 . 220, 22 

2:11. 260, 261, 267, 31 1 
Meritt, 106, 219 

Merry. 28,32,51 

Merrj meet ing Baj . 280, 

293 ' 
Meserve, 220 

Methodists, or. 84, 

no. 98, 105, 107, H's. 109, 

mi. 111. II.".. 1 10, 11.. 119, 

129, I in. 178 
Mexico, '-'H7 

Middleton, N. .-.. 
Mighels, 
Milll.iiin. 

Miles. 221 

Miller. 144,231 

Millell. 29,262 

Milliken, :;-. 215, 217.221. 

1 . 262 
Military, ::». 229 

Milton, 

Mine-. 

Ministry al large, 
M Inneapolis, Mini 

367 
Mississippi, 280 

.Mild, ell. -.;. 143, in. 223, 

2.; I. 
Modoc, 104,207 

Monarch, 
Monhegan, 

Montg r> . 

Montg 1 \ ' .11:11 ■ I-. -•!'■ 

Monmouth, "Me., 106 

Montreal, 

M I\. '.'.:'::. 196, 217. 21'.', 

283, 231, 340 
Moor. 
Moon 

6, 111, 127. J. 

H, I II. 217. 2'.*. 271. 
Morrill. II. 64, 103 



INDEX. 



Morrison, '.is, 150, 15s, 
Morse, 29, 36, 111,121, 

154, 260, 26J 
Moseley, 220, 

-Moses,' 

Motley, 217. 

Monlton, 125, 

.Mount Desert, 241, 
Mountfort, 
Mount Vernon, 151, 
Mowatt, 5, 58, 66, 72, 

218,231,265, 2s:;. 284. 

30!) 
Mozart, 
Mulhall, 
Muller, 
Munich, 
Munger, 
Munjov, 84,89, 95, 96, 

129,200, 233,269, 273, 

288,292, 293, 298,310, 

330, 349 
Murch, 
Murdock, 
Murdough, 
Murphy, 27, 28, 29, 

219, 222, 314 
Murray, 
Museum, 
Myers, 



209 
123, 

239 

11 

229 
262 
359 
72 
160 
201, 
294, 

166 
28 
134 
172 
106 
115, 
284, 
304, 

41 

82 

98 

113, 

7! I 
133 
272 



Nameless (B. C), 272 
Napoleon, 284 

Nasby, 281 

Nash; 214, 240 

Nashville (Tenn.), 120 
Naval (Navy), 49, 75, 214, 

227, 22s. 343, 368,369, 370 
Nazro. 215,228 

Neal, 37, 44, 200, 219, 266, 

2!»i;, 325, 35s, 340, 360,364, 

307 
Nealley, 38, 39, 230, 347 
Neck, The. 5-9, 12, 58,88, 

89, 106, 1117. 263, 279-283, 

288, 290, 292 
Needle, W. F. Soc, 198 
Neelv. 69, 71, 261, 311, 314 
Nelson, 295, 367 

Neptune (engine), 250 
Newark, N. J., 112 

Newburg, N. Y., 39, 347 
Newbury, Mass.. 71 

New Imrvport, Mass., 63, 

72, 79, 2:;;., 362 
Nesmith, 219 

New Casco, Me., 58, 71, 

74 
Newcastle, Duke of, 205 
New Bedford, Mass., 37, 

:;;,:i 
New Kerne, N. C, 365 
New Brighton, S. I., 356 
New Brunswick, 132, 326, 

352 
New Durham, X. II., 124 
New England, 70, 74, 90, 

lo:;, 105, 112,132, 147, 155. 

158, 165, 184,235,243,279, 

2*0, liS'.t, li'.Mr. 327, 348,362, 

364 
New Gloucester, Me.,1 12 
New Hampshire, 89, 135, 

137, 27a. 363 
New Orleans, La., 37, 

197, 283, :;:,:, 
New York, 34, 35, 44, 69, 

72, 86, 92, Ki7, 125, 135, 

136, 140,148,153,154,172, 



267, 274,283,284,314,319, 
327, 335,339,358,361,366, 
367, 368 
Nichols, !), 37. 59, 60, 62, 
63, 154, 173, 17(1, 191, 199, 
231, 296, 323 
Nickerson, 48, 213 

Nigger Hill, 332 

Niles, 37,203 

Noel, 214 

Norridgewock, Me.. 132 
Norris, 111), 111 

Notch, White Moun- 
tains. 242 
Noil h America. 59 
North Atlantic Squad- 
ron, 30, 214, 21C, 224,227, 
22S, 313, 368, 369, 370 
North Carolina, Iss. 335 
Northfleld, .Minn., 366 
North Yarmouth, Me., 

102, 119 
Norton, 272 

Norway, Me., 216, 274, 

314 
Norway Light infantry, 

216 
Norwegians, 146 

Nova Scotia,, 71, 75, 352 
Noyes, 0, 154, 210, 241, 371 

Oaksmith, 44 

O'Bierne, 134 

O'Brien, 271.272 

O'Brion, 204 

Observatory, 200 

O'Connor, ' 240, 273 

Odd Fellows, 220, 221, 

239 240 
Q'Do'nnell, 134, 270,271, 

' 272 
O'Donoghue, 215,219 
Ohio, 159 

Old Anthony, 302 

Old City Hall, 32. 62, 196, 

210, 250. 264,266, 315, 331 
Oldham, 213 

Old Jerusalem, 58 

old South church, 80 
Oldtown, Me., 133 

Oliver, 152, 107 

Onarga, 111., 366 

O'Neil, 27,28, 29,232 

i Me, Centennial, 277 
Orange City, la.. 367 
orchard, ' 215,220 

Ordway, 08 

O'Reilley, 134 

orphan Asylum, 136, 138, 

107, 243 
Osgood, 231,313,314 

Osier, 144 

Owatonna, Minn., 30, 

350 
Owen, 240, 202 

< (well, M -e & CO., 202 

Oxford, 306 

Oxnard, G6, 81 



Pacific Ocean-, 300, 

Paddock, 68, 

Pagan, 

Paine, 9, 37, 152, 

Palmer, 32, 41, 51,112, 

200, 325 

Parcher, 38 

Parker, 22,27,28,20, 

232 

Park street eh., 110, 



318 

307 

234 

310 

231, 

231 
ISO. 



Paris, Me., 323 

Parsons, 117 

Parton, 44, 362 

Passamaquoddy Bay,133 
Payne, 171, 257, 270, 271, 

272 
Payson, 78,79,83,90,99,100, 

105, 182, 1st. 200, 266,296 
Pearson, 11, 14, 121, 123., 

140, 147, 154 
Pemaquid, 282 

Pendleton, 260 

Penobscot, so. 13.2, 133 
Penned, 37,230 

Pennington, 85 

Pennsylvania, .".00 

Pepper, 38, 346 

Pepperill, 290 

Percy, 98 

Perry, 73, 109, 110, 117, 

215,217,230, 313, 307 
Perkins, 04, 125, 154, 214, 

228, 201 
Pel ers, 84 

Pettee, 141 

Pettengill, 217,200 

Phelan, 02,03 

Phenix, 123 

Philadelphia* 30,37,07, 

82, 107. 130, 256, 360, 302. 

300. 367,368 
Philbrook, 210,. 217, 231, 

200 
Phillips, 10,11, 15, 112, 187, 

189, 190 
Pierce, 03,213,231,200 
Pike, 9 

Pillory, 84 

Pillsbury, 116 

Piscataqua, 204 

Pise, 70 

Pitblado, 116 

Pitcher, 213 

Pittsburg, 30,305 

Pittston, Me., 66 

Plaisted, 48, 49, 213, 270, 

271 
Pleasant Point, 133 

Plummer, 32, 43, 51, 220 
Plymouth church,82, 00. 

125 
Poems, 333 

Poland, 107 

Police, 200, 213 

Poor, 96, 97, os. 310, 

Pope, 103 

Popham, ot 

Port Huron, 197 

Portland, 1, 0, 10, 12-18, 

20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 33, 34. 
35. 37, 38, 30, 41 4S, 50, 
53-57, 05, 07, OS, 71, 74, 
70, 78, 70, 82, 84, 85, 87, 
88, 90, 00, 102, 103, 105- 
111, 115-117. 120, 124,120, 
120, 130-130, 13S. 130, 140, 
I 13, 114-110. 152, 153, 155, 
163, 105, 108, 171, 172, 
173, 177, 170, 182, 1st, 
1S7, 180, 100, 103, 104,100, 
200, 201, 202, 201, 203. 
200, 207. 211, 212. 215. 
210-220, 220, 230, 231,232, 
235,230.230,213.250.203. 
20 1, 266, 200, 275, 270, 

278, 281, 282, 2S4, 286, 
287, 288, 294, 207, 298, 

200, 302, 303, 30S, 310. 

311,314-318, 321, 324-328, 



333, 335. 530, 33S, 330. 
340, 542, 345, 345,346-362, 
304-371 

Portland B. Sue, 100,204 
Portland Co.. 29, 222,205, 

271 
Portland & Ogdensburg 

U. K., 25, 20. 20. 21i;, 221, 
212, 250 

Portland & Rochester 

R. P., 250 

Porter, 45 

Portneuf. 203 

Portsmouth, N.H., 05, 71, 

72, 201,233 
Post, Boston, 316 

PostOffice, 524, 525 

Pottle, no 

Potter, 324 

PownaHborough, Me., 06 
Powers, 134 

Pratt, 07. 08.73, 121, 101 

Preble, 0. 45, 02, 63, 64, 

135, 207,234. 202. 265,266, 

2S7, 289, 303, 323,335,351, 

371 

Preface, 5 

Prentiss, 37, 200, 315, 325, 

333, 353. 363 

Presbyterians, 89, 147, 

148 

President of U. S., 37, 

318, 325, 345 
Presumpscot, 10, 14, 102, 

105,270. 310 

Press. Daily, 18, 224 

Pride's Bridge, 7,14 

Prim, 272 

Prince, 48, 49, 156, 213, 

532, 559, 371 

Prindle, 217 

Procession, 210-257 

Providence, R. L, 120, 

367 
Pro\ ident A.SSO., 108 

Public Library, 25, 361 
Pullen, 3,7, 05, 230, 313 
Purpooduck, (Pooduck) 

SO. 181, 200 

Purington, 103 

Putnam, 29 

Putney, 324 

Pyne, 71 

Quakers, 58, 59, 60, 103, 

105 (see Friends) 
Quebec, 132 

Quincy, 30,557, 358, 367 
Quinnon, 231 



Rackleff, 
Raleigh, 
Rand, 23, 30, 124, 125, 

233, 200 

Randall, 00.07.0s, 

214,272 

Rasle, 

Ravenswood, 37 
Raymond, 40 

havocs, 

Rea, 139, Ml. 

head, 150, 15S, 

Readfteld, Me., 
Reardon, 
Rechabite Hall, 
Records 1 Falmouth), 
Redlon, 

heed, 0.20.210,275, 

299,321,326,343 



201 
307 

217, 

124, 

132 

350 
310 
120 
205 

159 

100 
273 
08 

123 
278 



378 



INDIA. 



R 126,127 

Reeves, 314,341 

Regatta, 28,207.270-273 
Rehoboth, Mass., 150, 158 
i;,l ci Corps, 207 

Remick, 231 

Resinger, 214,228 

Ki-\ enue < lutters, 30, 

215, 231 
Rexdale, 114 

Rheinberger, 172 

Rhode [sland, 67, 367 
Rice, L09, 150, 158, 113 
Rich, '-'1 1,219,220, 240,313 
Richards, :f 7 

Richards Lt. Infantry, 

217, :U7 
Richardson, 29, 68, 82, 

117. 121, 154,260,3)3, 367 
Richmond, 306 

Richmond's Island. 65, 

87, 302, 306 
Ricker, 22, 27, 28, 29, 10, 

232, 240, 313 
Ridgewoocl V J., 366 
Ridgway, 112 

Rigby, ' 280,281 

Riggs, 72, 219, 262 

Rindge, N. H., 79 

Rines, 51,262 

Ring, 231,314,317 

Ripley, 120 

Killer. 157 

Riverside, Cal., 368 

Roberts, 27, 28, 208, 232, 

. 313 
Robie, 37, 226, 230, 273, 

312,314 
Robin Hood, 303 

Robinson, 202,314 

Roblson, 9 

Rochester, N. \ ., 120 
Rockland, Me., 

230, 314, 333 
Rodman, 1 13 
Rogers, 9, 214, 219, 221, 

231, 257, 31 I 

Rolfe, 63 

Rome, 189 

Root, 7". 7'',. 152, 166, 167 
Ross, 265,367 

I; 116 

Royalists, 280, 326, 352 
Rovalsborough, Me., 102 
84, 85 
188 
27, 28 
108 
214, 21 ' 

336 

215, 229 

109 

146 



Ruby, 
Ruffin, 
Rumen . 
Runnells, 

Km — -II. 

Riissm arm, 

Rust, 

Ruter, 

Ryan, 

Rygh, 



ibine, 

iccarappa, 7. 181, 183 
km. Me., 

105, 154, 199, 230, 231,235 
idler, 126, 127 

afford, 73 

illors' Snug Harbor, 
350 

il.-ni. i. 154, 

282, 291, 313, 

almoii Falls, N. H 

mi ■ i r 1 1 : 1 1 1 As,,,.. 120, 



Sanborn, 109, 220 

Sanderson, in 

Sands, 

Sanford, 9, 38, 77. 347 

Sandy Point, 7. 8, 13 

Sand) River, 132 

San Francisco, 36, 37,60, 

283, 34* 
Sargent, 19, 21, 23, 40 
Saunders, 32, ">i 

Savels, 139 

Sawyer, 22, 23, 27. 28, 29, 

31,32, is. 49, 51, 141,213, 

215, 220, 229, 234, 262, 

313, 366 
Scales, 209 

Scandlna\ ian, 1 16 

Scanlon, 260 

Scarborough, 88, 162,302, 

331 
Scarritt, 109 

Schools, 8, 24, 25, 29, 30, 

31, 1". 15, 19, 52, 53, 54, 

77-7'.i. 91, 117. 119, 212, 

218, 219, 220, 239 

1,340,359,364, 

367 
Schouler, 316 

Scotland, 147. 335 

Scott, 37, 16, 120, 142, 355 
Scrlbner, 217 

Scully. 215,260 

Seabury, 214 

Seavey, 1 1" 

SebagoLake, 242,308 
Sebec, Me., 

Second Ldventists, 143 
S mil Parish Church, 

76-81, 83, 86, 89, 90, 91, 

96-100, 163, 260 
Sedan, 

Seiders, 48, 1:'. 213, 313 
Selectmen, :S71 

Senter, 29, 30, 18, 19, 140, 

154, 213 
Sermons, 64 

Sewall. 82, 83, 240, 367 
Seymour, 64 

Shailer, 120 

Sharith Israel, 1 11 

Sharrer, 230 

Shaw. 28, 32, 18, », 51, 

54, 96, '.'7. 111. 116, 123, 
150, 158,213,215,260,261, 

262, 371 
Shaylor, 240,261 

Shea, 133 

Shead, 367 

SI Iian. 220 

Sheffield, Mass.. i.vj. n,i,. 

167 
Sheldon, 240 

Shenandoah Co., 367 
Shepard, -1 

Shepley, 91,217,230, 

261, 266 
Sherwood, 

Shindel, 215,229 

Shirley, 81,231, 
Short, 31 

Slas, 109 

sills, 64, 71. 76, 261 

siuionton, 302,314 

Sims. 21 I. 227 

Stxtj -Nine Society, 184 
Skel'dlng, 214,227 

Sklllings, 117 

Skowhegan, Mi 
Small. 79, 118, 123, 128, 
I I '. IR1, 1.1. Kill, 219 



Smith, 19,20,23, 

37, 38, W, II. 58, 
71, 72, 71. 76, 77. - 
si. ■.in. 124, 125, 126 
2(17, 213, 2211. 230, 231, 
234,235,237,240,241, 212. 
257.261,265, 283, 2- 
323,324,336,339,363, 365, 
367, 371 
Smyth, li:. 

Snethen, 108 

Snow, 30 

Somers, 

Snowden, 81 

Soule, 106, 22:;. 231, 313 
Southard, 217 

Southgate, 37, 68, 81, 83, 

335, 356 
Southworth, 154, 292 

Sons hi Maine, 38, 31 1 
Sons ni Temperance ,221, 

241) 

Sims of Veterans, 217, 

268 
South Berwick, Me., 1 12 
Soul li < aruliiia. 192 

Simili Freeport, Me., 231 
South Hadlej . Ma 
Stmtli Hampton, (f. Y., 

111 
Sparks, 60 

Spain, 

Sparrow , 219, 261 

Sprague, 18, 19, 
Spring, 22,23,26,27,28, 

39, 12. 261 
Springer, 37, 11. Ill, 203, 

351, 352 
Springfield, Mass.. 367 
Spurwink, 279, 282, 289, 

294, 298, 302 
st. Aloysius, 136 

St. Dominica Church, 

133. 134, 135 
St. John, V r... :«i. 38, 72, 

126, 132, 154, 170, 197,231, 

240,242,273,313,3 

St. Law reuce St. Ch.,95, 

96, 98, 99, 178 
si. Louls,Mo.,231,314,367 
St. Luke's Cathedral, 64, 

68, 69, 70. 73, 75, 367 
St. Paul's Church 

66, 67, 69, 72. 71. 7:.. 76, 

77. 1(17. 126, 363, 367 
St. Stephen's Ch., 67-70, 

71, 75, 367 
31 \ Lncenl de Paul, 137, 

138 
Stackpole, 189,367 

Stainer, 

Stamford, Conn., 36, 364 
Stanley, 260 

Stanford's Ledge, 30 I 
Staples, in. 123, 

261 
State "I Maim-, news 

paper, 316 
State College, 
state Streel Church, 87, 

99, KM 
Staten [sland 
Steam Fire Engine, 257 
Steam Roller, 
Stearns, 216 

Stebbins, 37, ■ 

Sterling, 116, 117 

Stetson, 217 



Stephens, 37, u. 301 

Stephenson, 9, 261, 2:12 
Sl, -vens, 30, 82, 37, 13, 16, 
51, 63, 64,204,222,231 
2(11. 27(i. 271. 313,328,360 
Stewart, 29 

Stockbridge, 123, 150, 

1 ■-. 367 
Stockman, 31, 1 11 

Stockton, Cal., 231 

Stockwell, 214 

si s, 142, 261, 367 

Stone church, 1-1 

Stoneman, 106 

Storer, 9, 81 

Story, 263 

Stowe, 81, 190 

Stowell, 272 

si reel Department, 212. 

224 

Streel Railroad, 24 

Streeter, 121;. 127 

Strickland, 214 

Strong, 2i:i 

Strondwater, 

Strout, 240 

Stubbs, 223 

Sturtevant, 123, 1 12 

Snlivan. 

Sunnier. 

Sumpter, 190 

smnlay services, 1 4:« -_'ii:> 

Sunday Times, 1 n 

Sun Tavern. 230 

Swatara, U. s. s., 227. 

230 
Sweden borgians, 110-112, 

Sweetsir, 100,261 

Swell. 18, 19, 11'.. 21.:. 217.. 

22(1. 260 
Sylvester, 9,31,51 

S vines. 166 

Symonds, 19, 20, 125, 219, 
261, 296, 321 

Tableaux, 

Taney, 188 

Tash, 29, I 

Tale. 66,72 

Taylor, 102, ia r >-109, 193 
Temporary Home 
leu Broeck, 67, '.., 76 
Tennessee, IT. S. S., 36, 
:20, 227, 22s. 230, 

lenne\ . 

Texas, W, 367 

1 hatcher, 79 

Thatcher Post, G. A. R., 

262 
Theater, 122 

Third Parish, Con 

-,.. 90, 91, 99 
Thomas, 29, W, 1: 

154, 189, 227. 260, 261 
Thompson, 30, 11 

213, 214, 22; 
I'll. nil. like. 240 

Thrasher, 9,77,120 

Thurston, 18, 19, 160, 164, 

13. 21.11. 271 
Thwlng, 
Tlbbette, 

Tie. m, lei, ■ 290 

Tllton, 

rimes, \ N 316 

Tinker, 115, 116, 154 

Tltcomb, 9, 63, 108, 119, 



INDEX. 



379 



Tobie, 220 

Todd, 323.325 

Tolford, 260, 265 

Tolman, 29, 213, 218, 221, 

241 
Toombs, 188 

Towle, 24(i 

Town House, 126 

Tract Society, 206 

Trafton, 117 

Transcript, Portland, 40 
Trades' Procession, 31, 

32,49,50, 51,212,221-224, 

24: :-2:.:. 

Names of participants 

31, 32, 51, 221-224. 243-255 
Transportation <li\ .. 212 
Trask, 117 

Travelers, Maine Com- 
mercial Asso., 222. 243 
Trefethen, is, 27, 28, 29, 

232, 313, 314 
Trelawney, 270. 2so 

Tribune, N. V., 316 

Tribune, Minn., 366 

Trickey, 314 

Trinity church, X. V., 69 
Tripp.' 332 

Trowbridge, 367 

Tint', 4S. 40, 107, 108, 213, 

214, 217. 200. 307 
Tucker. 21S, 232, 233,261, 

265,268, 279 
Tuckerman, 63 

Tufts College, 127, 120 
Tukey, 9, 4. r », 77 

Turner, 81, 113, 120, 210. 

200. 202 

Twitchell, 260 

Two Lights, 302 

Tyler, so, 81, so. 205, 200 

T'nion church, 92, 96 

Union Hall, 08, 129, 144 
Union, Mutual Lile Ins. 

Co., 202 

T'nion wharf, 270 

Unitarians, 57, 60, 62, 63, 

70, no, 110, 143, 207 (see 

First Parish, Park st. 

chureh | 
United States, 34,42,68, 

110, 141, 188, 238, 283,287 
rpham. 68,367 



Universalists, 125, 126, 

120, 130, 131, 205, 207 (see 

Church of Messiah) 

Urquart, 29,242 

Utrecht, 283 



Vail, 80,81 

Van Blarcom, 
Van Dorn, 
Varney, 31, 219, 

Vassallioro, Me., 
Vaughan, o, 102, 284, 
Venice, 

VeiTill, 

Vicksburg, Miss., 
Victor Emanuel, 
Vigilant (engine), 
Vinton, 67 

Virgin, 30, 

Virginia. 



Wade, 32, 51 

Wadsworth, 371 

Wainwright, 214, 228 
Waite, 7,0,72,96,97,98, 

196 
Wakefield, 36, 39 

Waldo, 290,308 

Males, Prince of 295 

Walker, 20, 81, 02, 100, 

141, 200 
Wallace, 148, 219 

Wall is, 72 

Walter, 69 

Walton, 82, 121, 231, 371 
Ward, 10, 11, 15 

Ware, 31, 32, 51, 63, 266, 

323, 34S 

Warren, 66, 200, 331, 371 
Washburn, 120, 128, 130 
Washington, 1). C, 36, 

37, 154, 230, 231.273, 274, 

314, 323, 345, 346, 348, 

357, 307, 369 
Washington, George, 151, 

160, 204, 284, 290, 330 
Waterhouse, 108, 215,261, 

314 
Waterman, 231 

Watertown, 231 

Waterville, Me., 37, 120, 

330, 357, 358 
Watson, 30, 223, 235, 240 
Watts, 72,299,332 



Watts Ledge, 302 

Way, 40, 260, 340 

Wayer, 106 

Wei ih, 125, 316 

Webber, 111. 110, 272 
Webster, 2s. 142. 2:17. 335 
Weeks, 0,218,200 

Wegg, 320 

Weiss, 21:1 

Welch, 21£ 

Welchman, 220 

Wellesley, Mass., 205 
Wells, 100,200,307 

Wells, Me.. 88, 282 

Wentworth, 202 

Wescott, 29 

Weslevan University, 

107, 113 
Westbrook, 6,38, 87, 231, 

304 
West Cong. Ch., 01. 0!i 
West Indies, 105, 182, 357 
West Point, 73. 74 

Western Cemetery, 320 
Western Promenade, 

10S, .",41 
West on, 32, 81, "236, 260, 

204 
Wheelwright, 02, 201 
Whipple, 64,82 

White, 85, 230, 201 

Whitefield, Me., 38, so, 

90, 132, 133, 134, 137, 230 
White Head, 336, 339, 305 
White Mountains, 25, 

201, 242, 243, 349 
Whitman, 98, 323 

Whitney, 140,368,369 
Whittemore, 126 

Whitten, 240, 274 

Whit tier, 357 

Wicker. 106 

Widows' Wood Soc., 126 
Wiggin, 219 

Wilbraham University, 

;i3 

Willard, 293 

Willey, 110, HI, 133, 154, 

ISO, 366 
Williams, 39. 43, 84, 119, 

217, 229, 260, 314, 333, 

366, 367 
Williamson, 27, 28, 232 
Wilmot, X. S., 75, 352-354 



Willis, 12. 37. 44, 57. I 2. 

63, ss, 266, 286, 288, 296, 

324, 359, 364 
Williston church, 02, 03, 

00, 100, 102, 275 
Wilson. IS. 19, 21. 22. 23. 

27, 28, 20, 84, 85, 206,315, 

340 
Winch, 100 

Windham, Me., 84, 102, 

103, 130, 141, 142, 314 
Wingate, 199, 325, .".51 
Winter, 154,270,281,314 
Winthrop, 279 

Winslow, 103, 104, 189, 

240, 260, 274, 293, 324 
Wise, 11,14 

Wiswall (Wiswell), 9, 65, 

66, 71, 72, 74, 75, 352, 354 
Wolff, 214 

Woman's C. A., 200 

Woman's C. T. U., 208 
Woman's F M. Soc., 207 
Woman's M. U., 200 

Woman's Philanthropic 

Associations, 204-200 
Woman's T. Soc., 208 
Wood, 200,201 

Woodbury, 19, 20, 37,41, 

220, 200, 328, 307, 371 
Woodford, 37, 3. r 8 

Woodman, 213, 200, 201 
Woodward, 214,227, 370 
Woolson, 20,37, 273, 290, 

343 
Worcester, 112, 141, 153. 

314 
Wren, 72 

Wright, 05, 08. 154, 174, 178 
Wyer, 41, 72, 326, 352, 35:; 



Yacht Club, 221, 239, 
Yale College, 82, 
Yantic, U. S. S., 227. 
Yarmouth, Me , 
Yarmouth, N. S., 
Yarmouth Rifles, 30, 

230 
Yeaton, 109, 113. 

Young, 48, 134, 213, 
Y. M. C. Assot'n, 
Y. Woman's C. T. I T . 
York, 57, 144,223.232, 

295 



240 
141 
230 
80 
40 
217, 

323 
22S 
221 
,200 

200. 



ILLUSTRATK >XS. 



PROCESSK >N. 

PLATE I. Tableau — "The Natives." 

PLATE IF. Tabli \.u — "The Approach of Cleeve and Tucker, n 

PLATE IIT. I\imi vi -- " < leeve and Tucker building the first log house."' 

PLATE IV. Tableau — "Old Block House. 1669." 

PLATE VI. Tableau — "The Mowatl Conference." 

PLATE VII. Tableau — "The Town Meeting." 

IM \ 1 1. VIII. Tableau — " Justice." 

PLATE IX. Tableau — " The Way ye Folk went to Meeting in ye 

Tyme." 

IM \ 11, X. Tableau — "The old Oaken Bucket." 

PLATE XI. Tableau — "Carrying the Mail." 

PLATE XII. Tableau — "Portland." 

PLATE \ I H. Tableau — " Flora." 

PLATE XIV. Tabi eau — " Music." 

PLATE XV. Tableau — " Agriculture." 

PLATE XVI. Tableau—" United States." 

PLATE XVII. Tableau — " Centennial." 



PI \n XVIII. Old Town and City Hall, built 1825. 

PLATE XIX. City and County Buildings. First erected in [858-50. Burnt 

[866. Rebuill [866-67. 
P] \ its XX XXI Fa< simile of Badges used in procession, and the Centennial 

M dal made foi the oct asion. 



PLATE A. Display in the Procession by Portland & < tgdensburg R. R. 1 

PLATE B. Same. 

PLATE C Display in the Procession bj B. \. Vtkinson & <"<>. 

IM A I I l» Mine. 

PLATE E. Union Mutual Life Insurance Co.'s Building, corn* I icchai 

streets. 1 >> 1 orations. 

IM \ I I- 1 Two of the thirteen Teams displayed by Walter Ci 

PLATE <;. Display in the Procession b) E. B Robinson. 

IM VI I II. Display.in thi on by Owen, Moon & Co 

IM \ll K Thomas Mansion, State and Danforth sti 





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